The adverse effect of treatment prolongation in cervical cancer by high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The potential risk of prolongation of treatment time in cervical cancer has been reported for many low-dose rate (LDR) studies, with an estimated loss of local control ranging from 0.3 to 1.6% per day of treatment prolongation. Since the treatment schedule for fractionated high-dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDRICB) is not directly comparable with that for low-dose rate studies, this report aims to evaluate the adverse effect of treatment prolongation specifically for cervical cancer treated with HDRICB. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From September 1992 to December 1997, 257 patients diagnosed with uterine cervical cancer (35 Ib, 26 IIa, 122 IIb, 10 IIIa, 57 IIIb, 7 IVa), who underwent external radiotherapy combined with between two and four courses of HDRICB and a minimum of 3 years of follow-up (median 57 months), were analyzed. Treatment consisted of irradiation of the whole pelvis with 44-45 Gy consisting of 22-25 fractions by 5 weeks, with the dose boosted to 54-58 Gy (with central shielding) for patients diagnosed as FIGO stage IIb-IVa bilateral parametrial disease. HDRICB was performed using an Ir-192 remote afterloading technique at 1-week intervals. The standard prescribed dose for each course of HDRICB was 7.2 Gy to point A for three insertions (before July 1995), or 6.0 Gy to point A for four insertions (after July 1995). Total prescribed point A doses (external beam radiotherapy+HDRICB) ranged from 58 to 71.6 Gy (median, 65.6 Gy) for stage IB-IIA, while analogous dosage for larger lesions (stage IIb-IVa) ranged from 59 to 75.6 Gy (median, 65.6 Gy). Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses were used to test the effect of treatment time on pelvic control rate (PCR) and cause-specific survival (CSS) at 5 years. RESULTS: Median treatment time was 63 days. For all stages of disease, the 5-year CSS and PCR were significantly different comparing treatment times of less than and greater than or equal to 63 days [83% and 65% (P=0.004], 93% and 83% (P=0.02), respectively]. These associations were also significant for stage Ib/IIa [97% and 79% (P=0.01), and 100% and 87% (P=0.02), respectively), but not for stage IIb [75% and 72% (P=0.79), and 93% and 87% (P=0.83), respectively] or stage III [66% and 49% (P=0.2), and 83% and 72% (P=0.21), respectively]. Multivariate analysis identified three prognostic factors for CSS, stage (P<0.001), tumor response to external RT (P=0.001), and overall treatment time (OTT; P=0.006). Prognostic factors for pelvic failure were stage (P<0.001), tumor response to external RT (P=0.001), and OTT (P=0.03). Prolongation of treatment time resulted in a daily decrease in pelvic control rate of 0.67% overall, and 0.43% for stage Ib-IIa, 0.57% for stage IIb, and 0.73% for stage III patients. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the data from the current study demonstrates that the adverse effect of treatment prolongation was observed later in the treatment course for the high-dose rate (HDR) series compared to the LDR analog, however, treatment-time prolongation still negatively influenced the cause-specific survival and pelvic control rate for both dosage groups.     

高效液相色谱法测定峰丁麻滴眼剂中盐酸麻黄碱含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定蜂丁麻滴眼剂中盐酸麻黄碱含量的方法。　方法　采用YWGC18分析色谱柱 ( 4 6mmID× 2 5 0mm ,粒径 10 μm) ,C18保护柱 ( 4 6mmID× 5mm ,粒径 10 μm) ,流动相 10 %乙腈 ( 0 5 %三乙胺 ,磷酸调pH3 0 ) ,流速 1 0ml/min ,检测波长 2 0 8nm ,测定对照品和样品色谱图 ,记录盐酸麻黄碱色谱峰面积 ,计算其含量。　结果　盐酸麻黄碱的理论板数为 10 0 0 0。回归方程 :y =90 5 878 16 15 1738x ,r=0 9999,线性范围 0 4 0 32～ 1 6 13μg。平均回收率为 99 2 % (RSD1 6 % )。　结论　该法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,可用于测定蜂丁麻滴眼剂中盐酸麻黄碱的含量     

PCR-SSCP法检测结核分枝杆菌耐药性

目的：探讨耐多药结核分枝杆菌耐药基因突变与耐药性的关系以及聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析(poly merase chain reaction-single strand cinfomlation polymorphism，PCR-SSCP)方法的临床应用价值。方法：用PCR-SSCP方法检测58株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株katG，rpoB，rpsL基因突变并与常规药敏试验检测结果进行对比。结果：经常规药敏试验检测，58株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株中共有41株耐药，其中，耐异烟肼(INH)为35株，高耐药株27株；耐利福平(RFP)为31株，高耐药株24株；耐链霉素(SM)有31株，高耐药株26株。同时耐3种药物的有21株(51．2％)，耐2种药物的14株(34．1％)，单耐药株6株(14．6％)．PCR-SSCP方法对58株临床分离株katG，rpoB，rpsL基因突变的检测率为40％(23／58)，45％(26／58)，38％(22／58)，其中检出3个基因同时突变的有13株(32％)，2种基因突变的12株(29％)，1种基因突变的有10株(23．8％)．常规药敏试验与PCR-SSCP法检出结核分枝杆菌同时耐3种药物的符合率为61．9％(13／21)，检出耐2种药物的符合率为85．70k，(12／14)，检出耐1种药物的符合率为50％(3／6)．高耐药株中突变率为80．5％(62／77)，低耐药株中突变率为60％(12／20)．结论：PCR-SS-CP方法对耐2种以上药物的结核杆菌检出率较高，且耐药基因突变率随着耐药浓度增高而增高。将PCR-SSCP法与药敏试验联合应用可互相弥补，已成为临床指导用药的好方法。     

Swyer-James综合征的CT表现

目的探讨Swyer-James综合征的CT及高分辨率CT(HRCT)表现。方法19例胸部CT扫描患者,均行HRCT扫描,其中13例有深呼气末及深吸气末HRCT扫描,1例经手术病理证实闭塞性细支气管炎并支气管扩张。结果19例共累及37叶肺,CT显示全部肺叶透亮度增高和肺叶血管纹理细小,其中35叶(95%)容积缩小;同时,CT显示合并支气管扩张19例、肺结核2例、细支气管炎6例和节段性肺不张3例。结论CT及HRCT扫描是诊断该病的较佳方法。     

改良气囊导尿管内固定方法的临床探讨

目的探讨改良气囊导尿管的内固定方法，减轻患者的不适感，增加尿管留置成功率。方法将150例需留置导尿管的患者随机分为A、B、C3组，常规导尿成功后，A组向气囊内注入生理盐水12ml；B组向气囊内注入空气12ml；C组向气囊内注入生理盐水和空气各6ml，于24h后采用自制问卷调查患者不舒适的程度，并在1周后统计置管的成功率。结果A组Ⅱ度以上不舒适38例，留置失败1例，失败率为2．0％；B组Ⅱ度以上不舒适5例，留置失败12例，失败率为24．0％；C组Ⅱ度以上不舒适5例，留置失败2例，失败率为3．9％。满意度B组与C组比较差异无统计学意义，A组与B组和C组比较差并均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。失败率A组与C组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．3864），B组与A组和C组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论3组从舒适的角度和留置成功率全面比较C组的方法优于A、B两组，留置气囊导尿管时向气囊内注入生理盐水和空气各6ml是内固定最佳的方法，在临床上是可行的。     

肾结核90例临床分析

目的 探讨肾结核的临床特征及有效治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析90例肾结核患者的临床资料。结果 近年来肾结核病例仍较多见，早期诊断困难，单纯药物治疗可治愈者约16％，手术切除仍是主要治疗方法。结论 不典型肾结核的发病率仍较高。尿常规、B超、静脉肾盂造影为主要诊断方法，诊断性治疗仍是确诊的重要依据。     

非控制性出血性休克低压复苏治疗效果的研究

目的　应用大鼠脾损伤非控制性出血性休克模型探讨低压及低压扩容复苏治疗非控制性出血性休克的可行性。方法　雄性Wistar大鼠 5 0只 ,在大鼠脾损伤模型复制成功后随机等分为 5组 ,组 1 :假手术组 ;组 2 :休克未处理组 ;组 3:常压复苏组 (急救期控制MAP在 80mmHg以上 ) ;组 4 :低压复苏组 (急救期控制MAP在 6 0mmHg±5mmHg) ;组 5 :低压扩容复苏组 (急救期输入硝普钠 5 μg·kg- 1 ·min- 1 ,同时输液控制MAP在 6 0mmHg± 5mmHg)。结果　 1～ 5组平均存活时间 (min)分别为 1 80、73.5 0± 8.0 4、1 1 4 .30± 31 .33、1 4 6 .70± 2 8.0 7和 1 71 .6 0± 1 5 .74 ,除组1、组 5外 (P =0 .0 6 71 ) ,其余各组间比较均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;2～ 5组的急救期出血量 (ml·kg- 1 )分别为 :3.79± 1 .39、1 7.4 1± 8.88、8.6 7± 4 .5 9、1 0 .33± 4 .31 ,其中组 3出血量明显高于其他各组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;组 4、组 5与组 2比较出血量明显增多 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　在非控制性出血性休克治疗中 ,低压及低压复合适量硝普钠扩容复苏方法可改善组织代谢 ,提高生存时间 ,是更为理想的复苏方法     

改良CT测量法用于椎弓根螺钉个体化植入的实验研究

[目的]探讨进钉点到棘突中心矢状面的垂直距离用于椎弓根螺钉个体化植入的可行性.[方法]于华中科技大学同济医学院解剖教研室收集成人脊柱标本30例,在CT横断面扫描图像上测量如下数据:椎弓根宽度a,进钉点到椎体前缘的距离b,进钉点到棘突中心矢状面的垂直距离c,椎弓根纵轴与椎体矢状轴的夹角A,在侧位片上测量椎弓根纵轴与操作台垂直线的夹角B,分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用CT图像上进钉点到棘突中心矢状面的垂直距离用于进钉点在水平方向上的定位,对照组采用Ebraheim法定位进钉点,置钉后行CT扫描,判断螺钉有无穿破椎弓根内侧或外侧壁及穿破程度,按照穿破程度进行分级:A=完全位于椎弓根内;B:穿破程度＜2 mm;C=穿破程度2～4 mm;D=穿破程度＞4 mm,并进行对比分析.[结果]实验组T3-10水平螺钉穿破率明显低于对照组,T1,T2,T 11,12:两组的穿破率相当.在T 3-18水平,螺钉的穿破程度(C,D级)明显高于其他节段,与椎弓根在这些节段横径变小有关;T 1-12,实验组中C,D级的发生率低于对照组.[结论]采用进钉点到棘突中心矢状面的垂直距离用于定位椎弓根螺钉进钉点,可以明显提高螺钉在水平方向上的植入准确性.尤其在L 3-10节段,而且特别适合由于解剖变异,外伤,肿瘤破坏等原因使关节突关节,横突等解剖标志发生改变时椎弓根螺钉的植入,亦可以在正常解剖情况下作为传统定位方法的有效补充.     

血清铁和铁蛋白与肝病患者肝纤维化指标的关系

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of serum iron and ferritin with the indicators for hepatic fibrosis and hepatic iron overload. METHODS: Liver tissue specimens were obtained from 41 patients with benign (16) or malignant (25) liver diseases by 1 second liver biopsy, and routine microscopic examination was performed after haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Perl's Prussian staining. Atomic absorption spectrum, radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were respectively employed to examine the serum levels of iron, ferritin, hyaluronic acid, laminin, human procollagen type , and collagen type . RESULTS: Between patients with benign and malignant liver diseases, significant differences were found in the serum ferritin levels (P < 0.05), but not in serum iron levels (P > 0.05). It was also noted that the levels of the indicators for hepatic fibrosis in patients with benign and early-stage malignant diseases varied significantly from the levels in normal subjects, but these differences were not observed between normal subjects and patients with end-stage hepatic malignancies. Serum iron and ferritin were found to be associated with serum laminin levels (serum iron: r=0.439, P=0.031; serum ferritin: r=0.476, P=0.016), and no iron granules detected in the tissue specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have elevated serum ferritin levels. The serum levels of iron and ferritin are statistically correlated with serum laminin level. Obvious reduction of iron content is typical of hepatic malignant tissues in comparison with the benign tissues, and the reduction in the levels of the indicators for hepatic fibrosis might involve the inhibition of collagen synthesis in the tumor tissues from patients with end-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Most of the cases of alcoholic fatty liver are complicated by liver iron overload, often marked by serum iron and ferritin levels.     

上尿路梗阻性急性肾功能不全内、外引流的选择

目的探讨内、外引流在上尿路梗阻急性肾功能不全时的选择和效果。方法25例各种原因引起的上尿路梗阻（15例肿瘤性梗阻,10例非肿瘤性梗阻）合并急性肾功能不全,分别或先后对12例行输尿管内置双J管（doub le J,D J）内引流15次,对19例行经皮肾穿刺造瘘（percutaneous nephrectomy,PCN）外引流23次。结果引流成功23例,PCN外引流成功率86.9%（20/23）,双J管内引流成功率60.0%（9/15）,PCN术后继发出血1例。结论对于盆腹腔进展期或广泛转移肿瘤导致的梗阻,PCN解除梗阻优于输尿管支架内引流;非肿瘤性梗阻宜先尝试D J内引流。