苏州市医学女生和非医学女生健康危险行为比较研究

目的了解医学、非医学专业女大学生健康危险行为的分布状况及存在的差异。方法分层整群抽取427名苏州大学女大学生进行有关健康危险行为的无记名问卷调查,同时组织两组专题小组讨论。结果医学女生自我报告身体和精神状况均比非医学女生差;被调查女生尝试吸烟率为7%,饮酒率为33.3%,参加体育锻炼为79.2%,未违反交通规则占32.6%,二者均无统计学差异;医学女生对高血压的正确认知率(71.6%)远远高于非医学女生(54.0%);女大学生性行为发生率为6.1%,二者无统计学差异,但在使用安全套方面二者存在差异。结论苏州大学女大学生的健康危险行为较为普遍,某些行为存在专业上的差异,应针对不同专业的特点,采取不同措施加以预防和控制。     

Cytotoxic prenylated flavones from Artocarpus champeden

Two new prenylated flavones, artoindonesianins A-2 (1) and A-3 (2), together with three known prenylated flavones, artonin B (3), heterophyllin (4) and cudraflavone C (5), have been isolated and identified from the chloroform extract of the heartwood of Artocarpus champeden. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data, including UV, IR, 1-D and 2-D NMR, and mass spectra. The cytotoxic properties of the new compounds, together with three prenylated flavones isolated previously, artoindonesianins Q (6), R (7) and T (8), were evaluated against murine leukemia P-388 cells. Based on their IC₅₀ values, compounds 1, 2, 4, 5 and 8 showed strong cytotoxic properties.     

Effect of perioperative complications on excess mortality among women after coronary artery bypass: the Israeli Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Study (ISCAB)

BACKGROUND: Widely observed excess mortality among women after coronary artery bypass grafting is still largely unexplained, although case-mix factors have been identified. We evaluated the contribution of perioperative complications to the risk of 180-day mortality among women while adjusting for case-mix factors. METHODS: This is part of a prospective, 1-year nationwide Israeli coronary artery bypass graft study of 1029 female and 3806 male patients. Deaths within 180 days were independently ascertained. Case-mix risk strata were obtained from a pooled Cox survival model (including all subjects and study variables) by using the adjusted coefficients corresponding to the case-mix factors within the model. Sex-specific mortality associated with perioperative complications was evaluated within the strata. In addition, sex-specific Cox models were constructed. RESULTS: Higher mortality among women compared with that among men was significant within the pooled model (hazard ratio, 1.4; P =.038) and was evident early in the postoperative period. Women tended to cluster in the highest risk quartile compared with men (39.8% vs 20.9%, P <.001). However, although the incidence of perioperative complications was similar for the 2 sexes, the associated mortality for a given perioperative complication was higher among women. Sex-specific Cox models confirmed the above findings. For example, the hazard ratio for women with low postoperative hemoglobin was 6.9, whereas for men, the hazard ratio was 3.9. CONCLUSIONS: The role of perioperative factors in the excess mortality among women after coronary artery bypass grafting shifts the focus of attention from the selection of women for the operation to the in-hospital experience. Improving the outcome for women will entail efforts to prevent complications in the perioperative period.     

谷氨酸钠诱导肥胖性不孕大鼠弓状核NPY及GnRH的表达

目的:探讨谷氨酸钠诱导肥胖性不孕大鼠弓状核神经肽Y(NPY)及促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的表达。方法:给新出生雌性Wistar大鼠皮下注射谷氨酸钠,连续5天,建立肥胖模型。观察NPY及GnRH在其下丘脑弓状核表达的变化;并测定血清雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、瘦素(leptin)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)的变化。结果:80%注射谷氨酸钠的大鼠呈能量失衡致肥胖状态;血清E2、T、leptin水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.05),FSH、LH水平较对照组明显降低(P<0.05);下丘脑弓状核NPY表达较对照组增强(P<0.05),GnRH表达较对照组减弱(P<0.05)。结论:谷氨酸钠诱导肥胖大鼠由于神经内分泌-代谢失调而引起GnRH水平降低,导致下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴功能失调性无排卵而致不孕。     

The place of speech therapy in the dysfunctional dysphonias with gastro-esophageal reflux

This work deals with the association between dysfunctional dysphonia and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Joint medical and speech therapy management, adapted daily, would seem to be necessary. The authors report the results of a clinical assessment by questionnaire in six patients.     

女性生殖道感染住院病例抗生素应用现况调查及分析

目的:了解女性生殖道感染抗生素应用现况,为生殖道感染的医疗保健服务提供基础资料。方法:以整群抽样方法抽取兰州市四所医院(1所省级专科医院、3所省级综合医院)2003年度女性生殖道感染住院病历,查阅医嘱、对抗生素应用情况进行回顾性资料分析。结果:女性生殖道感染住院病例抗生素使用率100%,使用品种52种,使用频率居前3位者为甲硝唑(38·25%)、头孢噻肟钠(13·51%)、环丙沙星(11·64%)。首次用药抗生素使用率100%,使用品种41种,使用频率居前3位者为甲硝唑(31·99%)、环丙沙星(26·80%)、头孢噻肟钠(21·04%);抗生素联合用药占36·17%,且专科医院较综合医院高(P<0·05),给药途径以静脉点滴(97.19%)为主;抗生素不合理应用形式多样,其中以给药次数过少(54·71%)、联合过多(17·05%)、配伍不当(12·94%)较为突出;无药敏选药率达84%~100%。结论:女性生殖道感染治疗中抗生素使用率高,用药种类选择范围集中;药敏试验率低;存在不合理应用抗生素的现象。需严格规范临床抗生素的应用,提高用药水平,促进妇女生殖健康。     

三种不同盖髓材料抑菌效果的微生物研究

目的通过分析深龋软化牙本质中细菌菌属的变化情况,探讨三种不同盖髓材料的抑菌效果。方法选择发生窝沟龋、牙髓尚未暴露的下颌磨牙作为研究对象,患牙去腐、备洞后采用三种不同的材料:光固化氢氧化钙、Vitapex糊剂、MTA作为基础垫底材料,之后用玻璃离子水门汀双层垫底,光固化复合树脂充填。分别于垫底前与垫底后3个月于窝洞洞底取材,通过细菌培养方法检测洞底软化牙本质中细菌菌属的变化情况。结果光固化氢氧化钙垫底前后,部分病例可检测到细菌存在;Vitapex糊剂试验组只有1例能够检测到细菌;MTA垫底3个月后窝洞洞底软化牙本质中未检出细菌。结论 MTA是一种比Vitapex糊剂和光固化氢氧化钙具有更加良好抑菌效果的盖髓材料,是深龋治疗过程中理想的垫底材料。     

匹多莫德联合布地奈德治疗小儿支气管哮喘的疗效观察

目的 观察匹多莫德联合布地奈德治疗小儿支气管哮喘的效果.方法 选择174例支气管哮喘患儿,随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组雾化吸入布地奈德气雾剂,试验组在此基础上加用匹多莫德颗粒,疗程均为3个月.比较两组治疗后的疗效,血清IgG、IgA、IgM及T细胞亚群的变化.结果 治疗后,试验组总有效率高于对照组,血清IgG、IgA、IgM及T细胞亚群水平亦高于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 匹多莫德联合布地奈德治疗小儿支气管哮喘比单用布地奈德更有效,并提高患者免疫功能,值得临床推广应用.     

Oligostilbenoids from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Shorea gibbosa</Emphasis> and their cytotoxic properties against P-388 cells

A new oligostilbenoid derivative, diptoindonesin F (1), along with five known oligostilbenoids, (−)-ampelopsin A (2), (−)-α-viniferin (3), ampelopsin E (4), (−)-vaticanol B (5), and (−)-hemsleyanol D (6), were isolated from the methanol extract of the tree bark of Shorea gibbosa. The structure of the new compound was determined based on the analysis of spectroscopic data, including UV, IR, NMR 1-D and 2-D, and mass spectra. Cytotoxic properties of the isolated oligostilbenoids were evaluated against murine leukemia P-388 cells with the result that compounds 2 and 4 showed the highest cytotoxicity.     

Role of systemic endocannabinoid CB-1 receptor antagonism in the acquisition and expression of fructose-conditioned flavor-flavor preferences in rats

Rats learn to prefer a flavor mixed into a fructose-saccharin solution over a different flavor mixed into a saccharin-only solution which is considered to be a form of flavor-flavor conditioning. Fructose-conditioned flavor preferences are impaired by systemic dopamine D1 and to a lesser degree, D2 receptor antagonism as well as by NMDA, but not opioid, receptor antagonism. Given the emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in mediating hedonically-driven food intake, the present study examined whether systemic administration of the inverse CB-1 receptor agonist, AM-251 would alter fructose-conditioned flavor preferences. In Experiment 1, food-restricted rats were trained over 10 sessions (30 min/day) to drink a fructose-saccharin solution mixed with one flavor (CS+/Fs) and a less-preferred saccharin-only solution mixed with another flavor (CS-/s). Subsequent two-bottle tests with the two flavors in saccharin (CS+/s, CS-/s) occurred 15 min following counterbalanced pairs of AM-251 doses of 0, 0.1, 1 or 3 mg/kg. Preference for CS+/s over CS-/s following vehicle treatment (74%) was significantly reduced by the 0.1 (67%) and 1 (65%) AM-251 doses, whereas CS+/s, but not CS-/s intake was significantly reduced by the 1 and 3 mg/kg AM-251 doses. In Experiment 2, rats received systemic injections of AM-251 (1 mg/kg) or vehicle prior to the 10 CS+/Fs and CS-/s training sessions. In subsequent two-bottle tests (drug-free) the AM-251 and control groups displayed similar preferences for the CS+ flavor (66% vs. 69%). Experiment 3 demonstrated that AM-251 significantly decreased chow intake (24 h), and 1-h intakes of fructose-saccharin and saccharin-only solutions in ad libitum-fed rats. These data indicate that functional CB-1 receptor antagonism significantly reduces the expression, but not the acquisition of fructose-conditioned flavor-flavor preferences. The endogenous endocannabinoid system is therefore implicated in the maintenance of this form of learned flavor preferences.