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81.
82.
目的:统计分析中国县级及以上医疗机构青光眼亚专科建设、诊疗设备配备和服务提供情况,为进 一步推动我国青光眼防治工作提供理论依据。方法:调查研究。2015年对全国提供眼科服务的县级 及以上医疗机构通过网上填报的方式进行普查,采用描述性统计方法,对我国县级及以上医疗机构 青光眼亚专科建设、诊疗设备配备和服务提供情况进行系统整理和统计分析。结果:本次调查覆盖 全国6 341家县级及以上医疗机构,其中设立青光眼亚专科的医疗机构有672家(10.60%)。在青光眼 检查和治疗相关设备中,视力表配置率最高(99.30%),平均每家医疗机构配置3.28台;超声生物显 微镜配置率最低(11.50%),平均每家医疗机构配置0.13台。眼压测量、白内障手术和小梁切开术是 青光眼主要的诊疗服务类型。结论:我国县级及以上医疗机构青光眼亚专科建设亟待加强,诊疗设 备配备不全,诊疗服务能力需要全面提升。  相似文献   
83.
目的分析真菌性血流感染的病原菌分布以及耐药特征,为真菌血流感染的早期合理用药提供理论依据。 方法回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院2016年1月至2018年12月收治的真菌性血流感染者的菌群、科室分布以及耐药性。 结果入组192例真菌血流感染者的血培养样本中共分离192株真菌,其中白色念珠菌检出率为31.77%(61/192),其次热带念珠菌检出率为18.75%(36/192);重症医学科检出率最高为33.85%(65/192)。所有菌株均对两性霉素B敏感,对其他抗菌药物耐药率分别为5-氟胞嘧啶4.49%(9/192)、伊曲康唑5.73%(11/192)、氟康唑10.94%(21/192)和伏立康唑11.46%(22/192);除两性霉素B外,2016至2018年真菌对其他抗菌药物的耐药率均逐年上升,其中2018年所分离192株光滑念珠菌对伊曲康唑耐药菌率达46.7%。 结论真菌血流感染病原菌以念珠菌属为主,对目前抗真菌药物具有较高敏感性,但耐药率逐年上升,加强监测血培养病原菌变化及耐药趋势对指导临床用药至关重要。  相似文献   
84.

Background

Physicians treating nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) assess stroke and bleeding risks when deciding on anticoagulation. The agreement between empirical and physician-estimated risks is unclear. Furthermore, the association between patient and physician sex and anticoagulation decision-making is uncertain.

Methods

We pooled data from 2 national primary care physician chart audit databases of patients with AF (Facilitating Review and Education to Optimize Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation and Coordinated National Network to Engage Physicians in the Care and Treatment of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Chart Audit) with a combined 1035 physicians (133 female, 902 male) and 10,927 patients (4567 female and 6360 male).

Results

Male physicians underestimated stroke risk in female patients and overestimated risk in male patients. Female physicians estimated stroke risk well in female patients but underestimated the risk in male patients. Risk of bleeding was underestimated in all. Despite differences in risk assessment by physician and patient sex, > 90% of patients received anticoagulation across all subgroups. There was modest agreement between physician estimated and calculated (ie, CHADS2 score) stroke risk: Kappa scores were 0.41 (0.35-0.47) for female physicians and 0.34 (0.32-0.36) for male physicians.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to examine the association between patient and physician sex influences and stroke and bleeding risk estimation in AF. Although there were differences in agreement between physician estimated stroke risk and calculated CHADS2 scores, these differences were small and unlikely to affect clinical practice; further, despite any perceived differences in the accuracy of risk assessment by sex, most patients received anticoagulation.  相似文献   
85.

Purpose

The objective of the study was to define factors associated with adolescent and young adult (AYA) experiences with private time and having discussed confidentiality and the impact of these experiences on improving delivery of clinical preventive services.

Methods

In 2016, a nationally representative sample of 1,918 US AYAs (13- to 26-year-olds) was surveyed. Survey questionnaire domains were based on prior research and Fishers' information-motivation-behavior skills conceptual model. Data were weighted to represent US households with AYA and analyzed to identify factors independently associated with ever experiencing private time and discussions of confidentiality with a regular health-care provider (HCP). We examined the association of these experiences on AYA attitudes about health care.

Results

Fifty-five percent of female and 49% of male AYA reported ever having had private time with an HCP and 55% of female and 44% of male AYA had spoken to an HCP about confidentiality. Independent predictors of having experienced private time and confidentiality included older age, race, higher household income, gender of the provider, amount of years with the provider, and involvement in risk behaviors. AYA who had experienced private time and confidentiality discussions had more positive attitudes about their providers, were more willing and comfortable discussing sensitive topics, and thought that these discussions should happen at younger ages.

Conclusions

Although confidentiality and private time are important to AYA, many are not experiencing these components of care. Providing private time and discussions of confidentiality can improve the delivery of health care for young people by enhancing positive youth attitudes about preventive care.  相似文献   
86.
87.
背景与目的:甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)和桥本甲状腺炎(Hashimoto’s thyroiditis,HT)的发病率均呈上升趋势,两者之间的关系已成为目前研究的热点。探讨PTC和HT之间的关系。方法:回顾性分析2014—2015年期间在中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院头颈肿瘤外科行甲状腺癌手术治疗的首诊患者306例,术后病理学检查均明确诊断为PTC,其中术后病理学确诊伴发HT者42例,比较伴发HT与未伴发HT患者的临床病理学特征。结果:PTC患者女性发病年龄高于男性(46.2岁 vs 41.9岁)。相较于与未伴发HT的PTC患者,伴发HT的患者中女性比例更高(93% vs77%),中央区淋巴结数目较多[(5.0±3.4)枚 vs (2.5±2.7)枚],术前促甲状腺激素(thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH)水平较高[(3.28±1.91)μU/mL vs (2.12±1.29)μU/mL],术前抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(thyroid peroxidaseantibody,TPOAb)阳性率较高(55% vs 14%),术前甲状腺球蛋白抗体(thyroglobulin antibodies,TgAb)阳性率较高(69% vs 13%)。发生中央区淋巴结转移的患者中,中央区淋巴结转移数目与中央区淋巴结总数显著相关(Pearson相关系数=0.582)。多因素logistic回归分析发现,男性、低龄、被膜侵犯是PTC患者中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论:伴发HT对PTC患者的预后无显著影响。伴发HT的PTC患者TSH水平显著偏高,提示HT可能是PTC发病风险因素之一。中央区淋巴结转移数目与中央区淋巴结总数相关,推测PTC淋巴结转移可能与淋巴结炎症反应相关。  相似文献   
88.
89.
通过比较中美研究生教育,总结现有教学经验,以学生需求和社会需求为中心,探索构建以胜任力为导向的医学研究生综合素质课程体系,加强理想信念与品德教育、创新创业教育、学术道德与诚信教育、心理健康教育等,发挥综合素质课程的积极价值引领作用,促进医学生从个性化发展成长为具备社会适应能力的合格医者的转变。  相似文献   
90.
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is sensitive to labile proton concentration and exchange rate, thus allowing measurement of dilute CEST agent and microenvironmental properties. However, CEST measurement depends not only on the CEST agent properties but also on the experimental conditions. Quantitative CEST (qCEST) analysis has been proposed to address the limitation of the commonly used simplistic CEST‐weighted calculation. Recent research has shown that the concomitant direct RF saturation (spillover) effect can be corrected using an inverse CEST ratio calculation. We postulated that a simplified qCEST analysis is feasible with omega plot analysis of the inverse CEST asymmetry calculation. Specifically, simulations showed that the numerically derived labile proton ratio and exchange rate were in good agreement with input values. In addition, the qCEST analysis was confirmed experimentally in a phantom with concurrent variation in CEST agent concentration and pH. Also, we demonstrated that the derived labile proton ratio increased linearly with creatine concentration (P < 0.01) while the pH‐dependent exchange rate followed a dominantly base‐catalyzed exchange relationship (P < 0.01). In summary, our study verified that a simplified qCEST analysis can simultaneously determine labile proton ratio and exchange rate in a relatively complex in vitro CEST system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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