梗阻型轻症急性胆源性胰腺炎不同治疗方式的疗效分析

目的:探讨梗阻型轻症急性胆源性胰腺炎(MABP)的最佳治疗方案。方法:回顾性分析2008—2014年收治的132例梗阻型MABP患者的临床资料。其中35例行以内镜逆行胆胰管造影为基础的微创治疗(内镜组),43例行腹腔镜下胆囊切除、胆总管探查术(腹腔镜组),54例行开腹手术(开腹组)。比较各组的相关临床指标。结果:内镜组、腹腔镜组、开腹组间的腹痛缓解时间(3.31d vs.3.84d vs.7.65d)、白细胞恢复正常时间(4.20d vs.5.35d vs.8.72d)差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);内镜组与腹腔镜组的血淀粉酶恢复正常时间(3.26d vs.3.53d)、住院时间(9.49d vs.9.30d)差异无统计学意义(均P0.05),但均短于开腹组(4.35d、9.30d)(均P0.05)。3组的治愈率均为100%,均无死亡病例,并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);内镜组术后1年内胰腺炎复发率(42.86%)明显高于腹腔镜组(0.00%)和开腹组(1.85%)(均P0.05),但后两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于梗阻型MABP,在大多数情况下,腹腔镜途径是解除胆道梗阻的首选方法。     

渝东北地区老年人骨质疏松流行病学调查

目的研究渝东北地区老年人骨质疏松及骨折发生的现状,为骨质疏松的一级防治提供理论基础。方法采用随机抽样选择渝东北地区年龄在60岁及以上的老年人进行调查,以自编老年人骨质疏松现状调查表、骨密度测定进行研究。结果渝东北地区老年人骨质疏松的发病率为70.9%,骨质疏松性骨折的发病率为12.7%。结论渝东北地区骨质疏松的发病率较高,且骨质疏松性骨折发病率也较其他地区高,应积极防治骨质疏松,减少骨质疏松性骨折。     

Safety of Chemotherapeutic Infusion or Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Supplied Exclusively by the Cystic Artery

Purpose

This study was designed to evaluate the safety of chemotherapeutic infusion or chemoembolization by way of the cystic artery in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) supplied exclusively by the cystic artery.

Methods

Between Jan 2002 and Dec 2011, we performed chemotherapeutic infusion or chemoembolization using iodized oil for the treatment of 27 patients with HCC supplied exclusively by the cystic artery. Computed tomography (CT) scans, digital subtraction angiograms, and medical records were retrospectively reviewed by consensus.

Results

The cystic artery originated from the main right hepatic artery in 24 (89 %) patients, from the right anterior hepatic artery in 2 (7 %) patients, and from the left hepatic artery in 1 (4 %) patient. Selective catheterization of the cystic artery was achieved in all patients. Superselection of tumor-feeding vessels from the cystic artery was achieved in 7 patients (26 %). Chemotherapeutic infusion was performed in 18 patients (67 %), and chemoembolization was performed in 9 patients (33 %). There were no major complications and only 2 minor complications, including vasovagal syncope and nausea with vomiting. Individual tumor response supplied exclusively by the cystic artery at the follow-up enhanced CT scan were complete response (n = 16), partial response (n = 3), and stable disease (n = 8).

Conclusion

HCC supplied exclusively by the cystic artery can be safely treated without severe complications by chemotherapeutic infusion or chemoembolization using iodized oil through the cystic artery.     

Does the severity of preoperative varus deformity influence postoperative alignment in both conventional and computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty?

Purpose

The postoperative alignment was compared according to the severity of preoperative varus deformity in computer-assisted and conventional total knee arthroplasty (CAS-TKA).

Methods

The study reviewed 127 consecutive CAS-TKA and 236 conventional TKA, retrospectively. In CAS-TKA, 77 knees with a varus deformity ≤15.0° were classified in group CAS-A and 50 knees with a varus deformity >15.0° were classified in group CAS-B. In conventional groups, 204 knees with a varus deformity ≤15.0 were classified in group Conventional-A and 32 knees with a varus deformity >15.0° were classified in group Conventional-B. The postoperative mechanical axis (MA) was compared among groups CAS-A, CAS-B, Conventional-A and Conventional-B.

Results

The average postoperative MA was 0.7° varus in group CAS-A, 2.8° varus in group CAS-B, 1.1° varus in group Conventional-A and 3.2° varus in group Conventional-B (p < 0.001). The postoperative MA was within 3° in 81.8, 62.0, 58.8 and 37.5 % of group CAS-A, CAS-B, Conventional-A and Conventional-B, respectively.

Conclusions

The severity of preoperative varus deformity influences postoperative alignment despite using CAS. More careful correction of the alignment is required, especially in TKA performed on patients with a greater varus deformity.

Level of evidence

III.     

输尿管镜下钬激光联合等离子电切在治疗外伤性尿道狭窄中的临床应用

目的探讨输尿管镜下钬激光联合等离子切割技术治疗外伤性尿道狭窄的临床效果。方法置输尿管镜至尿道狭窄处,在导丝引导下用钬激光切开狭窄处尿道,然后用等离子电切镜切除尿道狭窄部位瘢痕,留置导尿管3～4周。拔除导尿管后观察排尿情况,比较治疗前、后最大尿流率和残余尿量。结果术后患者排尿困难明显改善,最大尿流率上升至13～20m/s,残余尿量减少至0～25ml。结论输尿管镜下钬激光内切开联合等离子切除技术治疗尿道狭窄效果良好,值得临床推广应用。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚TCI用于腹腔镜结肠癌根治术效果

目的 比较瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注(TCI)和芬太尼持续泵注复合丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉对腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者的麻醉效果.方法 行腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者80例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级.麻醉方法 随机分为A组(40例):靶控输注瑞芬太尼(血浆靶浓度3 ng/ml)复合丙泊酚(血浆靶浓度3 μg/ml);B组(40例):持续泵入芬太尼[3 μg/(kg·h)],靶控输注丙泊酚(血浆靶浓度3 μg/ml);比较两组患者麻醉前(T0)、诱导成功后(T1)、插管后(T2)、切皮时(T3)、停药时(T4)、睁眼时(T5)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2)、脑电双频指数(BIS)、手术时间、恢复自主呼吸时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间及术后患者出现恶心、呕吐、躁动等不良反应情况.结果 A组患者麻醉诱导成功后(T1)至停药时(T4)HR与麻醉前(T0)相比明显减慢(P＜0.01),睁眼时(T5)HR较麻醉前明显增快(P＜0.01);B组HR在麻醉过程中与麻醉前比较未见明显差异(P＞0.05),两组患者HR在T0~T4期间未见明显差异,T5时A组高于B组(P＜0.05).所有患者T1~T4期间MAP、BIS比T0均明显下降(P＜0.01),SpO2未见明显改变(P＞0.05).两组患者在MAP、SpO2、BIS方面的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A组患者呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间均早于B组,VAS评分A组高于B组(P＜0.01),而在手术时间及术后并发症方面未见明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注在腹腔镜结肠癌根治术中能够维持稳定的血流动力,术后苏醒快,是腹腔镜结肠癌根治术安全可靠的麻醉方式.     

外生性肝癌误诊1例报告

１　病例介绍病人　男性,７０岁。２年前出现右上腹胀不适,双下肢凹陷性水肿,多次呕血,黑便。曾在当地医院诊断为肝炎后肝硬化,门脉高压症,对症治疗,控制症状。２月前感右腰背部胀痛,无发热,无血尿,无高血压等表现。入院体检：心率８４次／ｍｉｎ,血压１６／７ｋＰａ,心肺无异常,腹平软,肝剑突下４ｃｍ,肋下２ｃｍ,脾肋下２ｃｍ,右肝区及右肾区叩击痛（＋）,无腹水征,下肢无浮肿。实验室：肝功能,白蛋白３．６ｇ,球蛋白４．２ｇ,肝癌酶谱正常,ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｂ及ＨＢｃＡｂ均阳性,ＡＦＰ（－）。２　影像检查…     

The application of color Doppler flow imaging in the diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of erectile dysfunction

We aim to investigate the correlations between hemodynamic parameters, penile rigidity grading, and the therapeutic effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors using color Doppler flow imaging after intracavernosal injection in patients with erectile dysfunction. This study involved 164 patients. After intracavernosal injection with a mixture of papaverine (60 mg), prostaglandin E₁ (10 μg), and lidocaine (2%, 0.5–1 ml), the penile vessels were assessed using color Doppler flow imaging. Penile rigidity was classified based on the Erection Hardness Score system as Grades 4, 3, 2 or 1 (corresponding to Schramek Grades V to II). Then, the patients were given oral sildenafil (50–100 mg) and scored according to the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. The number of patients with penile rigidities of Schramek Grades II to V was 14, 18, 21, and 111, respectively. The IIEF-5 score was positively correlated with the refilling index of the penile cavernosal artery (r = 0.79, P < 0.05), the peak systolic velocity (r = 0.45, P < 0.05), and penile rigidity (r = 0.75, P < 0.05), and was negatively correlated with the end diastolic velocity (r = −0.74, P < 0.05). For patients with erectile dysfunction, both the IIEF-5 score after sildenafil administration, which is correlated with penile rigidity, and the hemodynamic parameters detected using color Doppler flow imaging may predict the effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor treatment and could provide a reasonable model for the targeted-treatment of erectile dysfunction.     

低成本两孔胸腔镜手术治疗原发性气胸

目的探讨一种简单、微创、经济的腔镜方法治疗自发性气胸。 方法收集2011年10月至2016年2月胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸84例,其中两孔胸腔镜肺大疱结扎54例(试验组),三孔胸腔镜肺大疱切割缝合器楔形切除30例(对照组)。试验组,根据胸壁不同厚度把肺大疱拉近操作孔或拉至操作孔或拉出操作孔用手直接结扎/缝扎后做机械摩擦的胸膜固定术;对照组按常规进行,用切割缝合器行肺楔形切后做机械摩擦的胸膜固定术。 结果两组患者的临床效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验组的住院费用低于对照组[(16 747.30±2 586.41) 元 vs (21 088.54±6 005.68)元,P<0.05]。 结论两孔胸腔镜下肺大疱用手缝扎/结扎技术治疗自发性气胸简单、微创、经济。     

核苷（酸）类药物应答不佳的慢性乙型肝炎患者优化治疗过程中血清IL-21的动态变化及意义

目的通过检测核苷（酸）类似物治疗应答不佳慢性乙型肝炎患者在优化治疗过程中血清IL-21表达水平,探讨血清IL-21水平的动态变化与患者对抗病毒应答的相关性。 方法检测25例核苷（酸）类似物治疗应答不佳的慢性乙型肝炎患者在接受优化的核苷（酸）类似物抗病毒治疗基线、12周、24周、36周、52周、64周、76周、88周和104周的血清并检测IL-21水平、HBV DNA定量、HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb和肝功能等相关指标,分析这些指标的动态变化及其之间的相关性;另选取15例HBV携带者、15例健康志愿者做对照。 结果核苷（酸）类似物治疗应答不佳的慢性乙型肝炎患者优化治疗基线血清IL-21水平与无症状携带者血清IL-21水平差异无统计学意义,但均显著高于健康对照组（P = 0.000、0.003）;核苷（酸）类似物应答不佳的慢性乙型肝炎患者在优化治疗过程中血清HBV DNA、HBsAg、HBeAg、HBeAb均呈下降趋势,且HBV DNA水平及HBsAg浓度于治疗12周内下降速度最快,HBsAg浓度降低速度随治疗时间延长逐渐减慢。基线IL-21水平与优化治疗12～24周时的病毒量变化对数值存在中等强度的负相关性（r =-0.55、P = 0.015）,36周时IL-21水平与36～52周病毒量变化存在中等强度的负相关性（r =-0.62、P = 0.001）。核苷（酸）类药物优化治疗过程中患者血清IL-21浓度呈现先升高后下降的趋势,峰值浓度在36周,为66.41 pg/ml,显著高于基线IL-21浓度（P = 0.001）,治疗至88周及104周时患者血清IL-21水平恢复到基线状态。 结论乙型肝炎病毒感染的患者血清IL-21浓度升高,优化核苷（酸）类抗病毒治疗后,慢性乙型肝炎患者血清IL-21水平呈现一过性升高,峰值与HBV DNA的抑制及HBsAg、HBeAg等变化有一定的相关性。