Increased incidence of indeterminate pancreatic cysts and changes of management pattern: Evidence from nationwide data

Background: Pancreatic cysts are common. However, most studies are based on data collected from individual centers. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes of management patterns for pancreatic cystic lesions(PCLs) by analyzing large epidemiologic data. Methods: Between January 2007 and December 2018, information regarding pancreatic cystic lesions was acquired from the nationwide Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database in Korea. Results: The final number of patients with...     

Epigenetic silencing of microRNA-199b-5p is associated with acquired chemoresistance via activation of JAG1-Notch1 signaling in ovarian cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer is a highly lethal and aggressive gynecological malignancy. The high mortality rate is due in part to the fact that many advanced cancer patients become refractory to current chemotherapeutic agents, leading to tumor recurrence and death. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to chemoresistance remain obscure. Here, we report that the loss of miR-199b-5p due to progressive epigenetic silencing leads to the activation of the JAG1-mediated Notch1 signaling cascade, thereby leading to the development of acquired chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Using miRCURY LNA™ microRNA array and Q-PCR analyses of two pairs of cisplatin-sensitive and –resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, we identified miR-199b-5p as significantly down-regulated in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells and confirmed that miR-199b-5p is clinically associated with advanced and poor survival ovarian cancers. Interestingly, the loss of miR-199b-5p could be restored by 5-Aza-dC-mediated demethylation, and methylated specific PCR (MS-PCR), bisulfite-sequencing and pyrosequencing revealed that the promoter region of miR-199b-5p was hypermethylated. Computational and mechanistic analyses identified JAG1 as a primary target of miR-199b-5p. Notably, the reduced expression of miR-199b-5p was found to be inversely correlated with the increased expression of JAG1 using an ovarian cancer tissue array. Enforced expression of miR-199b-5p sensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, re-expression of miR-199b-5p and siRNA-mediated JAG1 knockdown or treatment with Notch specific inhibitor γ-secretase (GSI) attenuated JAG1-Notch1 signaling activity, thereby enhancing cisplatin-mediated cell cytotoxicity. Taken together, our study suggests that the epigenetic silencing of miR-199b-5p during tumor progression is significantly associated with acquired chemoresistance in ovarian cancer through the activation of JAG1-Notch1 signaling.     

术前肌电图和脑干听觉诱发电位与面肌痉挛微血管减压术后迟发性面瘫发生的关系(英文)

Background Delayed facial palsy ( DFP) after microvascular decompression ( MVD) in patients with hemifacial spasm ( HFS) is not uncommon,but the cause remains unknown. Objectives To assess whether intraoperative electromyography ( EMG) and brainstem auditory evoked potential ( BAEP) can predict DFP after MVD. Methods Between September 2009 and February 2011 we examined 86 patients,9 of whom ( 10. 4% ) developed DFP after MVD on the same side. All patients underwent MVD and were followed - up for a median period of 13 months ( range 6-22) . We retrospectively examined intraoperative facial EMG and BAEP findings using our MVD patients’ registry. We excluded secondary HFS and immediate postoperative facial palsy after MVD in this study. We assessed the prevalence and clinical characteristics of DFP and compared EMG and BAEP findings between DFP and non-DFP groups. Results: All pa- tients recovered completely,with a mean time to recovery of 37. 8 days ( range 22-57) . There were no significant differences between DFP and non - DFP patients in terms of the amplitude and latency of intraoperative EMG and BAEP. Conclusion The usefulness of intraoperative facial EMG and BAEP is limited and cannot predict DFP after MVD for HFS. We speculate that DFP after MVD is not associated with permanent nerve damage according to the EMG findings.     

Comparison of cortical bone thickness and root proximity at maxillary and mandibular interradicular sites for orthodontic mini‐implant placement

Authors – Lim JE, Lee SJ, Kim YJ, Lim WH, Chun YS Objectives – To compare maxillary and mandibular cortical bone thickness and rootic proximity for optimal mini‐implant placement. Setting and Sample Population – CT images from 14 men and 14 women were used to evaluate buccal interradicular cortical bone thickness and root proximity from mesial of the central incisor to the 2nd molar. Cortical bone thickness was measured at 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° angles relative to the root surface using three‐dimensional images. Results – For the cortical bone thickness, there was no statistically significant difference between the maxilla and the mandible in the anterior area; however, there was a significant difference in the posterior area. Cortical bone in the maxilla, mesial and distal to canine interradicular sites, was thickest while thickness in the mandible exhibited a gradual anterior to posterior increase. Cortical bone thickness in the maxilla increased as both level and angle increased, while the cortical bone thickness in the mandible was greatest at 4 mm from the alveolar crest. Root proximity mesial and distal to 2nd premolar interradicular sites was greatest. Conclusion – Based on our results, cortical bone thickness depends on the interradicular site rather than sex or individual differences.     

全髋关节置换术治疗先天性髋关节脱位的研究进展

0引言 先天性髋关节脱位(congenital dislocation of the hip,CDH)是儿童时期原因不明的先天性髋关节疾病,其发病率在欧美约1‰,国内约为0.5‰～2‰.而成人先天性髋关节脱位或髋臼发育不良多为儿童时期诊断遗漏、延误治疗或治疗不当,或儿童时期髋关节其他疾病如:Legg-Carlve-Perthes病、股骨头骨骺滑脱等的自然转归而发展所致.至成年阶段,其病理改变及临床表现多已相当严重.随着人工全髋关节的材料、工艺、假体设计及手术技术的日益完善和成熟,人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)已成为其重要的治疗选择之一,现其研究进展做一综述.     

心力衰竭患者血清CA125、CA19-9水平变化及意义

目的探讨慢性心衰(CHF)患者血清CA125、CA19-9水平变化及意义。方法(1)研究对象与分组:心衰组(CHF),按AHA指南标准随机人选17例慢性心衰患者,心功能Ⅱ-Ⅳ级(NY-HA),年龄36-86(51.7±13.2)岁。其中风湿性心脏病4例,高血压6例,冠心病5例,贫血性心脏病1例,其他1例;在这17例病例中合并心包积液2例、胸腔积液1例、心房纤颤3例,左心房及静脉血栓1例;非心衰组(NHF),冠心病(非心衰者)、高血压Ⅰ期患者13例,年龄21-77岁,健康对照组(Control),健康成年人15例,年龄25-73岁;(2)CA125、CA19-9测定:抽取清晨空腹静脉血5ml,化学发光免疫法测定血清CA125、CA19-9水平。同时,检测肿瘤三项(CEA、AFP、SF)、胸片、头颅CT以及腹部、盆腔超声,排外潜在的肿瘤;(3)统计学分析:数据采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,t检验,P<0.05有统计学意义。结果与非心衰组和健康对照组比较,心衰组血清CA125显著升高,且与心衰严重程度(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级)相关(分别P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.001);非心衰组与健康对照组比较,无显著差别(P>0.05)。然而,各组间CA19-9水平无显著变化(P>0.05)。同时,发现合并心包、胸腔积液,尤其慢性房颤者,CA125显著升高。结论CA125是诊断和评价慢性心衰的一个良好指标,且与心衰程度相关,而CA19-9与心衰无明显关系。     

Primary drug resistance and transmission analysis of HIV-1 in acute and recent drug-naïve seroconverters in Singapore

Objectives

The aim of the study was to elucidate primary drug resistance and transmission of HIV‐1 in acute and recent drug‐naïve seroconverters in Singapore.

Methods

Acute and recent HIV‐1 seroconverters were enrolled in the study. The HIV‐1 polymerase (pol) gene was sequenced and used for genotypic drug resistance analysis and phylogenetic analysis. HIV‐1 transmission clusters were inferred from phylogenetic clustering analysis.

Results

Of the 60 subjects analysed, 95% were men, and 73.3% were men who have sex with men (MSM). Six HIV‐1 subtypes were identified, including CRF01_AE (46.7%), subtypes B (30%), B′ (15%) and G (1.7%), CRF33_01B (1.7%) and CRF34_01B (5%). Primary genotypic resistance was detected in only one (1.7%) subtype B variant. Thirty‐one patients (51.7%) were phylogenetically clustered, of whom 90% reported having local risk exposure, compared with 59% of the patients who were not phylogenetically clustered [odds ratio (OR) 6.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65–23.95]. MSM (OR 5.63, 95% CI 1.17–27.15), high viral load (OR 4.28, 95% CI 1.37–13.36) and young age (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85–0.99) were independently associated with clustered individuals.

Conclusions

In Singapore, HIV‐1 primary resistance is insignificant; individuals with seroconversion account for about half of onward transmission among recently infected seroconverters. MSM, high viral load and young age are factors that facilitate transmission. Early detection of these individuals is of paramount importance for the prevention of HIV‐1 transmission.

     

乌拉尔甘草中新香豆素的化学研究

甘草是一味重要的传统中药,为临床广泛使用。多年来国内外学者对其化学成分的研究颇为重视。近来,用不同溶剂对甘草进行分步提取,以酶和受体生物学指标进行监测,发现乌拉尔甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch)的二氯甲烷提取物对安定受体,胆囊收缩素受体以及二氢还原酶具有明显的抑制作用。为了寻找其中的有效成分,我们对该部分进行了化     

Orbital lymphomas and pseudolymphomas: treatment with radiation therapy

A retrospective analysis of 16 patients with orbital lymphoma or pseudolymphoma from 1961-1984 was undertaken to evaluate the use of radiation therapy. Pathologic assessment confirmed that four patients had benign pseudolymphoma, and 12 patients had true malignant lymphoma, including two with advanced disease at presentation. With a median follow-up of 4 years, the local control rate with radiation therapy was 100%, although the two patients with advanced disease died of lymphoma 26-33 months after irradiation. While doses of 1,600-2,000 cGy appear adequate for pseudolymphoma, for lymphoma a dose of 3,000-4,000 cGy is necessary. Subconjunctival lesions can be treated in a single anteroposterior field; retroorbital lesions require an additional lateral field.