Management of protozoal diarrhoea in HIV disease

Summary Since the first reported case of HIV infection in 1981, many HIV-seropositive patients have died as a result of diarrhoea induced by opportunistic protozoal infections: pathogens that would normally cause only a transient illness in immunocompetent individuals. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996 has been associated with a significant decline in incidence and mortality arising from infections such as cryptosporidia and microsporidia. Previously, there were no chemotherapeutic agents known to be effective in eradicating these parasites, but since the availability of HAART, the memory of the emaciated terminally ill patient with advanced AIDS suffering from refractory diarrhoea will hopefully be a thing of the past. Significant advances in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of HIV disease, earlier detection and thus treatment of the virus, and availability of improved diagnostic techniques and HAART have transformed the way HIV-associated diarrhoea is managed. In this review, we look specifically at the management of protozoa-induced diarrhoea.     

Interleukin-2 therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma: radiographic evaluation of response and complications

To evaluate the radiographic manifestations of the response of intrathoracic metastases to and the toxicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy, the chest radiographs and computed tomographic scans of 43 patients receiving 103 cycles of IL-2 treatment and lymphokine-activated killer cells for advanced renal cell carcinoma were reviewed. Among these 43 patients, 31 could be assessed for response of metastatic disease: Complete response was seen in one (3%), partial response in 11 (36%), mixed response in nine (29%), progressive disease in five (16%), and stable disease in five (16%). In 103 treatment cycles radiographic evidence of toxicity included pleural effusions (45.6%), pulmonary edema (21.4%), increased cardiothoracic ratio (16.5%), increased azygos vein diameter (9.7%), pericardial effusion (5.8%), and hilar lymphadenopathy (1.0%). These toxic effects could be distinguished from metastatic disease by a temporal relationship to treatment cycles. A favorable response to IL-2 therapy was significantly correlated (P less than .001) with the presence of pleural effusions.     

HDV/HBV感染树鼩肝组织ICE表达及肝细胞凋亡

目的 探讨HDV/HBV感染树鼩肝组织中ICE表达与HDV感染之间的关系,以及ICE在丁型肝炎肝细胞凋亡中的作用。 方法 采用免疫组化技术对45份HDV感染树鼩肝组织中HDVAg,ICE的表达进行了检测;应用原位末端标记技术对肝组织凋亡进行检测;并应用免疫组化双重染色对HDVAg,ICE的表达以及肝细胞凋亡进行了检测。 结果 肝组织45份中有43份可检出ICE(阳性率96％),有41份可检出凋亡细胞(阳性率91％),ICE在肝细胞浆和(或)膜上表达,以肝细胞浆内表达为主,HDVAg表达与ICE表达之间有显著相关性X~2=36.2(P<0.05),HDVAg表达越强,ICE表达越强,凋亡阳性细胞在肝细胞索多呈散在分布,在坏死灶中也可检出,凋亡在HDVAg阳性和阴性细胞中均可发生,以在HDVAg阳性细胞内发生为主,ICE表达与肝细胞凋亡之间有显著相关性X~2=35.6(P<0.05),ICE表达越强,凋亡阳性细胞越多。 结论 丁型肝炎病毒感染和未感染的肝细胞均可发生凋亡,但凋亡只在少数细胞内发生;HDV可诱导ICE表达,ICE在肝细胞凋亡中起重要作用。     

利用个人电脑系统及photoshop软件进行核型分析

0　引言　长期以来 ,染色体核型分析一直是显微摄影后 ,放大、减裁、分组、排列、粘贴、复拍 ,制成核型照片后进行 .该方法耗时费力而且容易出错的环节较多 .为此近来我们改用科室现有电脑设备进行染色体核型分析 ,取得了较为满易的效果 ,现将其方法报道如下 :1　材料和方法1.1　染色体制备　取 10例正常人的静脉血 2 m L注入含 0 .1m L 肝素的无菌试管中 ,立即混匀后 ,按每瓶 0 .4m L 接种到 5m L RPMI16 40培养液 (含 10 0 m L· L- 1 小牛血清 )的培养瓶中 .然后置 5 0 m L· L- 1 CO2 培养箱 37℃培养 72 h.终止培养前 4h加入最终…     

防治成人呼吸窘迫综合征的人工重组肺泡表面活性剂研制II.生物发光法筛选制剂处方

在前期用表面化学方法进行防治成人呼吸窘迫综合征的药物制剂处方筛选基础上，通过建立尘肺动物模型，用生物发光技术从清除自由基能力角度对制剂进行处方筛选，获到了有良好表面性能和一定自由基清除能力的人工重组肺泡表面活性剂制剂处方。该制剂有待经模型动物防治试验评价。