输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石560例

1临床资料输尿管结石560(男324,女236)例,年龄16～68(平均38)岁.其中左侧输尿管246例,右侧输尿管268例,双侧输尿管46例,合并肾功能减退者28例,合并妊娠12例,孤肾合并输尿管结石5例,上段输尿管139例,中段输尿管154例,下段输尿管267例,合并输尿管狭窄68例,合并输尿管息肉156例,合并输尿管扩张及不同程度肾积水286例,36例有肾或输尿管切开取石史,196例行体外震波碎石效果不佳,其中16例形成石街.本组经X线诊断的阳性结石388例,经B超或静脉肾盂造影诊断的阴性结石148例,未发现结石经输尿管镜诊断的结石24例.     

维生素A乙酸酯的电化学行为及电化学氧化机理的表征

用循环伏安法、计时库仑法等研究了维生素A乙酸酯在玻璃碳电极上的电化学行为,结果表明:维生素A乙酸酯的电极过程为一受电极反应速率控制的不可逆过程,其电氧化反应的电子数为2。电化学反应的产物为维生素A的醇酮酯。紫外光谱电化学、红外光谱和Raman光谱电化学等实验的结果为解释电化学反应机理提供了依据。     

人参茎叶中微量三萜化合物的化学研究

近年报告从五加科人参属植物人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)的地上茎及叶中分得多种成分。日本学者从人参叶中分得人参皂甙-Rb_1,-Rb_2,-Rc,-Rd,-Re,-Rg_1,-F_1,-F_2,-F_3~((1,2))我国学者徐绥绪和王志学等人从人参茎叶(辽宁桓仁)中分得人参皂甙-Rb_1,-Rb_2,-Rc,     

异步六点法估算药物溶出度参数

目的;在经典法与药典法基础上,提出了异步六点法。方法：采用异步六点法与经典法进行盐酸普奈洛尔片剂溶出度试验。结果：两者所得溶出度参数Ｔｄ、Ｔ０．７５基本一致。结论：试验表明本法可成倍减少工作量,省时实用。     

Chemopreventive effects of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine on hepatic lesion, mutagenesis and tumorigenesis induced by vinyl carbamate or vinyl carbamate epoxide

2-(Allylthio)pyrazine (2-AP), synthesized for its possible use as a hepatoprotective agent, has been found to selectively inhibit rat hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (Kim et al., Biochem. Pharmacol., 53, 261- 269, 1997), while it enhances the activities of phase II detoxification enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase and epoxide hydrolase. As part of a program in evaluating the chemopreventive potential of 2-AP, we have determined its effects on hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity and tumorigenicity of vinyl carbamate (VC), a prototypic hepatocarcinogen preferentially activated by P450 2E1 to the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite vinyl carbamate epoxide (VCO), which undergoes detoxification by glutathione conjugation and oxirane hydrolysis. Administration of 2-AP (100 mg/kg body wt) to male Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage, 2 days, 1 day and 4 h prior to VC or VCO, markedly ameliorated the hepatotoxicity of these compounds as determined by decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. Furthermore, 2-AP pre-treatment significantly suppressed the VC-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in infant male B6C3F1 mice. In a separate experiment, the multiplicities of skin tumors formed in female ICR mice treated with 5.8 micromol of VC or VCO were inhibited 58 and 70%, respectively, by pre-treatment with 2-AP by oral administration. The mutational spectrum of ras-oncogene in papillomas was not altered by 2-AP pre-treatment. 2-AP also inhibited the mutagenicity of VC in the Salmonella-microsome assay. Taken together, these findings suggest that 2-AP is a potential chemopreventive agent.      

银柴胡环肽类研究

从银柴胡(Stellaria dichotoma L.var lanceolata Bge.)的根中首次分离得到1新化合物,经理化常数,氨基酸组成及光谱分析确定为环六肽结构,命名为银柴胡环肽(stellaria cyclopeptide)。     

辽东楤本化学成分的研究

从辽东楤本(Aralia elata)的根皮中分得8个化合物,利用理化和光谱方法鉴定分别为胡萝卜甙-6’-棕榈酸酯(6’-O-palmitoyl-β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside,A₅)、罗盘草甙A(silphioside A,A₉)、楤木皂甙A甲酯(araloside A methyl ester,A₁₀)、竹节人参甙I_b(chikusetusaponin I_b,A₁₁)、楤木皂甙A(araloside A,A₁₂)、楤木皂甙C(araloside C,A₁₅、楤木皂甙G(araloside G,A₁₆)、无梗五加甙D(acanthoside D,B₁)。化合物A₅,A₉,A₁₁和B₁为首次从该植物中分得,A₁₀为新天然产物,A₁₆为新化合物命名为楤木皂甙G,归属了化合物A₉,A₁₅的¹³C-NMR化学位移。     

Expression of estrogen receptors in a normal human breast epithelial cell type with luminal and stem cell characteristics and its neoplastically transformed cell lines

Although approximately two-thirds of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, only a small proportion of epithelial cells in the mammary gland express the ER. The origin of the ER-positive breast cancers is unknown. Recently, we have developed a culture method to grow two morphologically and antigenically distinguishable types of normal human breast epithelial cells (HBEC) derived from reduction mammoplasty. In this report, we studied the expression of ER in these two types of cells and their transformed cell lines. The results indicate that Type I HBEC with luminal and stem cell characteristics expressed a variant ER (approximately 48 kd) by Western blot analysis. This variant ER contains a deletion in the DNA binding domain (exon 2) as revealed by RT-PCR analysis. The lack of the DNA-binding domain of the variant ER was also confirmed by the ER-estrogen responsive element binding assay, as well as by the immunofluorescence staining of the ER using anti-ER antibodies which recognize either the C-terminal or N- terminal region. In contrast, Type II HBEC with basal epithelial phenotype are ER-negative. Simian virus 40 (SV40) transformed Type I and Type II HBEC lines also expressed the variant ER. Tumors formed in athymic nude mice by in vitro transformed tumorigenic Type I cell lines, however, expressed a high level of wild type ER which was undetectable in these cells grown in vitro before and after tumor formation. Thus, there appears to be a differential ER mRNA splicing between the in vitro and in vivo mileu.      

褪黑激素(N-乙酰基-5-甲氧基色胺)的合成

This paper reports the synthesis of melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).The structure of all the compounds synthesized were characterized by elemental analysis,IR, MS and ¹HNMR spectra.     

马缨丹根的三萜成分研究

从马缨丹(Lantana camara L.)根中分离到八个三萜成分,通过光谱(UV,IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,MS)分析和理化常数测定,分别鉴定为lantanolic acid(Ⅰ),22β-O-angeloyl-lantanolic acid(Ⅱ),oleanolic acid(Ⅲ),22βO-angeloyt-oleanolic acid(Ⅳ),22β-O-senecioyl-oleanolic acid(Ⅴ),22β-hydroxy-oleanolic acid(Ⅵ),19α-hydroxyursolic acid(Ⅶ),3β-isovaleroyl-19α-hydroxyursolic acid(Ⅷ)。Ⅱ系首次从植物中分离到。Ⅷ是新化合物,命名为lantaiursolic acid。