大鼠去势后胸腺变化的组织学及超微结构的观察

目的：探讨去势对大鼠胸腺淋巴细胞超微结构与细胞功能的影响。方法：分别于去势大鼠术后2周、4周、6周、8周后,取胸腺组织进行HE染色和透射电镜观察。结果：实验表明去势导致胸腺淋巴细胞结构坏死,或者细胞器严重受损。结论：去势后胸腺淋巴细胞形态和功能均受到损害。     

益母草中阿魏酸的色谱鉴别

目的：鉴别益母草中是否含阿魏酸,方法：采用薄层色谱法和高效液相色谱法鉴别不同提取溶煤制备的样品,结果：从益母草中能检出阿魏酸。结论：益母草中可能含游离的阿魏酸,以5％Na2CO3溶液替代药典中的甲醇提取,方法简化,稳定性高,重现性好。     

Mechanism of Graft Damage Caused by NTPDase1-activated Macrophages in Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect and mechanism of macrophage activation and graft damage caused by nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (NTPDase1) in acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR).MethodsAcute AMR was induced in different skin-grafted nude mouse models with wild-type NTPDase1 expression, transgene-enhanced NTPDase1 expression, or NTPDase1 gene knockout. Several methods (eg, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC], immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and luciferin/luciferase assays) were used to study (at the histologic and molecular levels) the extracellular adenosine diphosphate (ADP) concentration, macrophage proliferation, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen expression on the surface of macrophages, B-cell activating factor (BAFF) expression in the peripheral blood serum, and the total number of SmIg-positive B cells during acute AMR. The relative activity of NTPDase1 in B cells and epithelial cells, pathologic changes, and the incidence of positive C4d deposition around the capillaries of skin grafts on the different nude mice were studied.ResultsMacrophages proliferated significantly when acute AMR occurred. The higher the NTPDase1 expression level, the lower the extracellular ADP concentration, the expression of MHC class II antigens on the surface of macrophages, the expression of BAFF in the peripheral blood serum, and the total number of SmIg-positive B cells, indicating negative correlations. The relative activity of NTPDase1 in B cells and epithelial cells of the skin graft was different among the different mice. The higher the NTPDase1 expression level, the lower the degree of pathologic damage to the skin graft.ConclusionsImbalance in extracellular ADP degradation by NTPDase1 may promote macrophage activation, and activated macrophages may be an important cause of graft damage.     

基于肠道菌群和代谢组学研究化滞柔肝颗粒治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的作用机制

目的 探讨化滞柔肝颗粒治疗非酒精性脂肪肝（nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD）的作用机制。方法 高脂饮食饲养8周构建大鼠NAFLD模型,化滞柔肝颗粒ig给药4周。半自动生化分析仪测定大鼠血脂相关指标;油红O染色观察肝脏组织病理变化;Illumina Miseq测序平台对V3～V4可变区进行扩增和测序,超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UPLCMS/MS）开展血浆代谢组学研究,并结合Spearman进行肠道菌群与代谢组学之间的关联分析。结果 与模型组相比,化滞柔肝颗粒中、高剂量组可显著降低大鼠体质量（P<0.05、0.01）和血清总胆固醇（totalcholesterol,TC）、三酰甘油（triacylglycerol,TG）水平（P<0.01）,升高高密度脂蛋白（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）水平（P<0.05、0.01）。此外,化滞柔肝颗粒高剂量组还可显著降低大鼠低密度脂蛋白（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）水平（P<0...     

Clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis, and chemosensitivity in patients with metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma

PurposeTo investigate the clinical characteristics, chemosensitivity, and outcome of metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).Patients and MethodsRecords of patients with metastatic UTUC since January 2005 were retrieved from a database that included clinical and survival data. Statistical analyses including survival and multivariate analyses of factors were respectively performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsA total of 250 consecutive UTUC cases were evaluated. There were 56 patients (22.4%) with initially diagnosed stage IV disease. The most common metastatic sites were lung (39.6%), distant lymph nodes (39.2%), bone (19.6%), liver (18.0%), and adrenal gland (7.2%), respectively, and the local recurrence rate was 10.4%. Two hundred thirteen patients received first-line chemotherapy. The overall response rate was only 28.7% and the median progression-free survival time was only 5.0 months. The overall survival time of the cohort was 18.0 months. Multivariate analyses showed that initially diagnosed stage IV disease, number of metastatic organs ≥3, no response to chemotherapy and cycles of chemotherapy ≤2 were adverse prognosticators for overall survival.ConclusionUTUC presented to be more prone to metastasize than locally recur and thought to have low chemosensitivity. Stage IV disease at initial diagnosis, number of metastatic organs, response and cycles of chemotherapy were independent prognosticators for metastatic UTUC.