胆囊炎和胆石症的饮食疗法

胆囊炎、胆石症的发病及复发与饮食密切相关。中医素有“药食同源”之说,《内经》曾有“虚则补之,药以祛之,食以随之”和“谷肉果菜,食养尽之等饮食疗法的论述。饮食疗法简称食疗,首先应遵循食疗原则,主要是注重辨证施食,并辅以药膳。食疗原则胆囊炎、胆石症的食疗目的是注意饮食习惯避免诱发疼痛发作(即胆绞痛),并保证胆囊收缩正常,使胆汁排泄通畅,去除引起胆汁淤滞的因素,抑制胆石的生成。其食疗的基本原则是:1饮食规律忌暴饮暴食。2控制脂肪摄入,适量摄取蛋白质3材料要新鲜,烹调要柔软,口味要清淡。4少吃辛辣品,禁饮酒。5多吃蔬菜、水果,…     

晕船适应和脱适应相关因素的调查与分析

目的调查相关因素对晕船适应及脱适应过程的影响。方法采取同一调查者上船一对一采访的方法，对有初期晕船史的船员共152人进行问卷调查。结果初期重度晕船者占64．5％，轻度占35．5％，累计适应时间在1周内占18．4％，2周内占43．4％，4周内占68．4％，8周内占78．9％，8周内仍不适应者称为不适应者（占21．1％），累计2周内脱适应者占18．3％，4周内占55．0％，8周内占63．3％，脱适应期在8周以上占36．7％。结论晕船的适应期大部分在4周内，脱适应期大部分在4周及4周以上，合理安排训练时间和周期将会起到更好的抗晕船训练效果。     

天然药物中硒的正交设计石墨炉原子吸收测定

目的:建立天然药物中硒的含量测定方法。方法:应用正交设计法优化石墨炉原子吸收光谱硒的分析条件,特别是混合基体改进剂和石墨炉工作参数的选择。结果:线性范围为5～100ng/ml,相关系数r=0.9994,相对标准偏差RSD<10％,用国家标准物质检验本方法,准确度和精密度良好。结论:本方法适合天然药物中硒的测定     

海藻、甘草及其相伍用对小鼠肝药酶的影响

目的：研究海藻、甘草单煎液及其不同比例合煎，单煎后混合液以及单体A、B；C、D、E对小鼠肝药酶的影响。方法：取小鼠随机分组，分别ig给药，qd,连续4d后禁食20h，处死取肝脏，称重后制成匀浆，紫外分光光度计于450nm,490nm波长下测其光密度值，计算肝匀浆中细胞色素P－450的含量。结果：甘草、甘草与海藻合煎液及单体A，B，C，D，E均能显著提高小鼠肝匀浆中细胞色素P－450的含量，而海藻，甘草与海藻单煎后混合液未能提高小鼠肝心浆中的细胞色素P－450的含量。结论：甘草，甘草与海藻合煎液及单体，A，B，C，D，E均能显著提高小鼠肝匀浆中细胞色素P－450的含量，对肝药酶有诱导作用。     

Validation of impedance cardiography measurements of cardiac output during limited exercise in heart transplant recipients

Abstract. Twenty-one patients were studied at rest and during exercise after heart transplantation to compare cardiac output measured by thermodilution and impedance cardiography. Exercise was performed on a bicycle ergometer over a limited range of work load (25 and 50 watt) whilst metabolic gas exchange was recorded. One patient was studied at rest whilst his circulation was maintained by a Jarvik-7 artificial heart. The values of cardiac output measured by impedance cardiography corresponded closely with the flow rate from the artificial heart. There was also close agreement between the impedance and thermodilution measurements of cardiac output at rest and during exercise. Both measurements followed the changes in heart rate and oxygen consumption. Both thermodilution and impedance cardiography methods elicited good reproducibility of cardiac output measurements at rest and during exercise. These observations suggest that the noninvasive and continuous record of cardiac output obtained by impedance cardiography can be used for the postoperative monitoring of heart transplant recipients.     

鼻咽癌病因学的病例—对照研究

本文以病例—对照的方法探讨了在黑龙江省与鼻咽癌发生有关的危险因素。调查鼻咽癌病例及对照共127对。在单因素与条件Logistic回归分析中均表明幼儿期食咸鱼(OR=5.5, χ²=4.92, P<0.05)及长期生活在烧煤的环境中(OR=1.894, χ²=4.655, P<0.05)可能与鼻咽癌的发生有关。此外,条件Logistic回归分析还发现,鼻窦炎病史也可能与鼻咽癌的发生有联系(B=1.385, exp(B)=3,995, P<0.1)。在对病例及对照的一级亲属患恶性肿瘤情况的调查中发现,鼻咽癌病例组有肿瘤家族史者多于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.32, P<0.01)。     

武汉西马街社区成人健康相关危险因素调查

目的 探讨当地成人健康相关危险因素构成，尝试低费用下开展此类监测的方法。方法 依托教育系统对武汉市江岸区西马街地区成人进行随机抽样入户问卷调查。结果 人群吸烟率32．4％，男性吸烟率60．6％，中年人高于老年人，女性吸烟率5．9％；92．5％的人不愿意自己的孩子在将来成为烟民；人群饮洒率为26．5％，其中男性饮洒率51％，23．5％的饮酒者存在违意饮酒情节；33．3％的成人有体育锻炼习惯，其比例随文化程度的升高而升高；19％的人每周户外活动时间达不到1天1小时；35．6％的人存在体重过重问题，分解19．2％为超重，14．7％为肥胖，1．7％为Ⅱ度肥胖。人群自述（非现场测量）高血压患病率为11．1％，自述糖尿病患病率为2．8％，但自觉有糖尿病典型症状而从未检测血糖的比例达16％。结论 落实社区人群基础医学检查任务迫切，依托教育系统进行的成人健康相关危险因素监测方法足当前经济适用的监测方法。     

武汉市健康儿童麻疹抗体水平调查

为了解武汉市13岁以下儿童麻疹免疫水平，发现易感人群，加强重点人群的麻疹防制工作，笔者于2003年7月至11月对武汉市儿童麻疹抗体水平进行了监测，现将监测结果报告如下。     

Patterns of eye care use and expenditures among children with diagnosed eye conditions.

PURPOSE: Little is known about use and expenditure patterns of children's eye-care services and about possible disparities in care among children. This report describes the use and expenditure patterns of eye care and non-eye care services for children under 18 years old in the United States. METHODS: Levels of use and expenditure were estimated using self-reported information from the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (1996-2001) for 48,304 subjects under 18 years old from randomly selected households in the United States. Means presented for children with and without diagnosed eye conditions were adjusted for child and family characteristics using generalized linear models. RESULTS: Children with diagnosed eye conditions had higher levels of use and expenditure than children without diagnosed conditions. Families of children with diagnosed eye conditions incurred higher out-of-pocket expenditures. Black children and children living below 400% of the federal poverty level had lower levels of use and expenditure, indicating that they received fewer and less intensive services. CONCLUSIONS: Children with diagnosed eye conditions experienced higher overall use of health care. Some groups of children appear to be underserved. Estimates of use and expenditure patterns, stratified by socioeconomic factors, will be needed to plan for future delivery of children's eye and vision care services and to assess progress toward Healthy People 2010 goals.     

出国务工妇女细菌性阴道病调查结果分析

目的:了解细菌性阴道病在延边地区出国务工妇女中的流行情况。方法:用改良多胺法对延边地区586名出国务工妇女进行细菌性阴道病(BV)检测,同时用常规方法进行滴虫、霉菌检查。结果:586份阴道分泌物标本中,检出BV(+)275例,总阳性率为46.9%,其中单纯BV(+)242例(41.3%)、BV合并滴虫(+)8例(1.3%)、BV合并霉菌(+)25例(4.3%);按年龄分组,33～35岁组BV阳性率最高,为60.3%,≤20岁组最低,为20.0%。结论:延边地区出国务工妇女细菌性阴道病患病率较高,居该人群各种阴道感染的首位,无民族差异(χ2=0.22,P>0.05),但年龄差异显著(χ2=28.72,P<0.05)。因此,建议在出国体检中常规开展BV检查,以便及时发现和治疗,控制疾病传播范围。