Investigating the Impact of the New York State Flavor Ban on e-Cigarette–Related Discussions on Twitter: Observational Study

BackgroundOn May 18, 2020, the New York State Department of Health implemented a statewide flavor ban to prohibit the sales of all flavored vapor products, except for tobacco or any other authorized flavor.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the discussion changes in e-cigarette–related tweets over time with the implementation of the New York State flavor ban.MethodsThrough the Twitter streaming application programming interface, 59,883 e-cigarette–related tweets were collected within the New York State from February 6, 2020, to May 17, 2020 (period 1, before the implementation of the flavor ban), May 18, 2020-June 30, 2020 (period 2, between the implementation of the flavor ban and the online sales ban), July 1, 2020-September 15, 2020 (period 3, the short term after the online sales ban), and September 16, 2020-November 30, 2020 (period 4, the long term after the online sales ban). Sentiment analysis and topic modeling were conducted to investigate the changes in public attitudes and discussions in e-cigarette–related tweets. The popularity of different e-cigarette flavor categories was compared before and after the implementation of the New York State flavor ban.ResultsOur results showed that the proportion of e-cigarette–related tweets with negative sentiment significantly decreased (4305/13,246, 32.5% vs 3855/14,455, 26.67%, P<.001), and tweets with positive sentiment significantly increased (5246/13,246, 39.6% vs 7038/14,455, 48.69%, P<.001) in period 4 compared to period 3. “Teens and nicotine products” was the most frequently discussed e-cigarette–related topic in the negative tweets. In contrast, “nicotine products and quitting” was more prevalent in positive tweets. The proportion of tweets mentioning mint and menthol flavors significantly increased right after the flavor ban and decreased to lower levels over time. The proportions of fruit and sweet flavors were most frequently mentioned in period 1, decreased in period 2, and dominated again in period 4.ConclusionsThe proportion of e-cigarette–related tweets with different attitudes and frequently discussed flavor categories changed over time after the implementation of the New York State ban of flavored vaping products. This change indicated a potential impact of the flavor ban on public discussions of flavored e-cigarettes.     

Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome due to a novel heterozygous mutation and concomitant Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: A pedigree report

Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (THRS) is a rare disease characterized by reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormones. Mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) gene are considered as contributing to the pathogenesis. This report describes a Chinese pedigree with THRS and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) due to novel point mutation in the 11th exon of the THRB gene (c. 1378 G > A). The proband complained of goitre with increased thyroid hormone and normal thyroid stimulating hormone levels. Gene sequencing was performed to confirm the diagnosis. HT was also diagnosed based on positive thyroid autoantibodies and diffuse, grid-like changes in the thyroid on ultrasound examination. Additionally, a comprehensive examination of the proband’s pedigree was conducted. The patient’s father exhibited the same gene mutation site and was diagnosed with THRS and HT. No mutation site was detected in three patients with HT only and three healthy volunteers. Thus, gene sequencing should be considered the gold standard for diagnosing THRS. Furthermore, treatment should be individualized to control the patient’s symptoms rather than normalizing thyroid hormone levels. Further studies that determine the relationship between THRS and TH are warranted.     

固位形及粘结剂种类对楔状缺损树脂修复的影响

目的 比较修复楔状缺损时制备固位形及不同粘结剂对临床疗效的影响.方法 选择口内至少4颗楔状缺损的患者89例,609颗患牙,同一患者分别采用四种方法修复患牙(固位形+两步法自酸蚀牙本质粘结系统Clearfil SE Bond;固位形+一步法自酸蚀牙本质粘结系统iBond;无固位形+两步法自酸蚀牙本质粘结系统Clearfil SE Bond;无固位形+一步法自酸蚀牙本质粘结系统iBond),采用自身对照的方法进行为期1年的临床观察.结果 固位形组的成功率明显高于无固位形组,两者差异有统计学意义;无固位形组中两步法自酸蚀牙本质粘结系统Clearfil SE Bond组的成功率高于一步法自酸蚀牙本质粘结系统iBond组,两者差异有统计学意义,但二者在边缘密闭性和术后敏感方面差异没有统计学意义.结论 修复楔状缺损时,制备固位形有助于提高疗效;两步法自酸蚀牙本质粘结系统Clearfil SE Bond较一步法自酸蚀牙本质粘结系统iBond具有更高的粘结强度.     

赶黄草水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的影响

目的 探究赶黄草水煎液在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜(MRSA)形成的影响。方法 采用微量肉汤稀释法测定赶黄草水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),根据MIC和MBC绘制杀菌曲线,采用结晶紫染色法和激光共聚焦观察赶黄草水煎液对SA和MRSA生物膜形成的影响,并通过测定胞外多糖和胞外DNA的含量研究赶黄草水煎液破坏SA和MRSA生物膜的作用方式。结果 赶黄草水煎液对SA的MIC和MBC分别为1.36和2.71 mg/mL,对MRSA的MIC和MBC为2.71和5.73 mg/mL;赶黄草水煎液可使SA和MRSA均生长受到抑制,抑制生物膜的形成、减少胞外多糖和胞外DNA的释放。结论 赶黄草水煎液对SA和MRSA具有良好的抑菌作用,可通过抑制胞外多糖和DNA的分泌破坏生物膜的形成。     

Cell-penetrating peptide-doxorubicin conjugate loaded NGR-modified nanobubbles for ultrasound triggered drug delivery

A new drug-targeting system for CD13⁺ tumors has been developed, based on ultrasound-sensitive nanobubbles (NBs) and cell-permeable peptides (CPPs). Here, the CPP-doxorubicin conjugate (CPP-DOX) was entrapped in the asparagine–glycine–arginine (NGR) peptide modified NB (CPP-DOX/NGR-NB) and the penetration of CPP-DOX was temporally masked; local ultrasound stimulation could trigger the CPP-DOX release from NB and activate its penetration. The CPP-DOX/NGR-NBs had particle sizes of about 200?nm and drug entrapment efficiency larger than 90%. In vitro release results showed that over 85% of the encapsulated DOX or CPP-DOX would release from NBs in the presence of ultrasound, while less than 1.5% of that (30?min) without ultrasound. Cell experiments showed the higher cellular CPP-DOX uptake of CPP-DOX/NGR-NB among the various NB formulations in Human fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080, CD13⁺). The CPP-DOX/NGR-NB with ultrasound treatment exhibited an increased cytotoxic activity than the one without ultrasound. In nude mice xenograft of HT-1080 cells, CPP-DOX/NGR-NB with ultrasound showed a higher tumor inhibition effect (3.1% of T/C%, day 24), longer median survival time (50 days) and excellent body safety compared with the normal DOX injection group. These results indicate that the constructed vesicle would be a promising drug delivery system for specific cancer treatment.     

选择性保护合成2-〔4(S)-4-酰氨基-3-氧代-2-异噁唑烷基〕-5-氧代-2-四氢呋喃甲酸类化合物及其体外抑菌活性

采用两种新选择性保护方法由L-丝氨酸和α-酮戊二酸为原料经几步合成了8个目标化合物。体外抑菌该验表明除TMV外,对金葡球菌209P和大肠杆菌44822具有中等到强的活性。     

β-阻滞剂塞利洛尔的合成

报道了β－阻滞剂塞利洛尔的简便制备方法，即以对乙氧基苯胺为原料，经酰胺化，傅克反应，以环氧氯丙烷取代，最后用叔丁胺直接与环氧基反应开环等４步反应制得。比文献五步反应缩短了一步，产物经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱等分析确定结构。     

112例T3期喉癌扩大喉部分切除和喉全切除术的疗效分析

目的:探讨T3期扩大喉部分切除和喉全切除术的疗效.方法:于1984年1月至1996年5月对112例T3期喉癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中行扩大喉部分切除术48例(单纯手术29例,手术加放疗19例);喉全切除术64例(单纯手术39例,手术加放疗法25例).结果:喉部分切除术组和喉全切除术组3年和5年生存率分别为77.1%、66.7%和97.7%、71.1%;各组单纯手术和手术加放疗的3年和5年生存率比较,喉部分切除组分别为75.7%、65.0%和78.9%、69.2%;喉全切除组分别为81.2%、71.4%和76.0%、70.6%,各组3年和5年生存率均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:T3期喉癌只要掌握好喉部分切除术的适应证,其疗效与喉全切除术接近;术后放疗不能减少局部和颈部癌复发的危险.     

脑源性神经营养因子和神经生长因子对顺铂诱导的内耳毒性的保护作用

目的研究豚鼠耳蜗内脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)和神经生长因子(nerve growthfactor,NGF)在顺铂致耳中毒后的表达,并探讨其对内耳的保护作用。方法将豚鼠分成对照组、顺铂组,分别给生理盐水、顺铂腹腔注射,于注射后3、5、7天取豚鼠耳蜗行石蜡切片,进行BDNF和NGF免疫组织化学染色,观察螺旋神经节BDNF和NGF蛋白表达。结果对照组耳蜗螺旋神经节细胞中BDNF几乎不表达,NGF呈中度阳性表达。顺铂组BDNF在3天时达到高峰,以后减弱;NGF在5天时达到高峰,以后减弱。结论正常豚鼠耳蜗有中度NGF的表达,表明NGF可能对内耳的正常生理功能起重要作用。顺铂干预后螺旋神经节BDNF和NGF出现高表达,提示BDNF和NGF对顺铂诱导的螺旋神经元损伤有保护作用。     

可调节人工晶状体植入术后的视觉质量及拟调节力

目的:研究Tetraflex可调节人工晶状体(IOL)植入术后视力、调节幅度、对比敏感度及主观视觉功能的临床应用效果。方法:病例对照研究。选择2010-03/2012-12在我院接受白内障超声乳化摘除联合囊袋内IOL植入术的白内障患者48例72眼,其中23例35眼植入Tetraflex可调节IOL(Tetraflex组),25例37眼植入AcrySof SA60AT单焦点IOL(SA60AT组),对比研究两组患者术后1,3,6mo裸眼远视力、最佳矫正远视力、裸眼近视力、最佳矫正近视力、最佳矫正远视力下近视力、拟调节力、脱镜率以及患者满意度情况,采用主观移近法测量调节力。采用SPSS13.0统计软件包进行统计学处理。结果:术后随访期间,两组患者的裸眼远视力、最佳矫正近视力和最佳矫正远视力差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Tetraflex组患者的裸眼近视力和最佳矫正远视力下近视力与单焦组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后Tetraflex组拟调节力均高于SA60AT组(P<0.05),于术后6mo Tetraflex组拟调节力有所下降,与1,3mo比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组间对比敏感度差异无统计学意义。脱镜率及和主观视功能满意度,Tetraflex可调节IOL组均明显优于单焦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:可调节IOL可提供较好的远近视力,增加拟调节力,有效降低患者术后对老视镜的依赖,改善主观视功能。但其拟调节力仍需要进一步的研究。