2008年北京市HIV-1耐药株传播调查

目的 了解2008年北京市未经抗病毒治疗HIV-1感染者中耐药株传播水平,为耐药监测和临床抗病毒治疗工作提供本底资料.方法 参照WHO提出的HIV耐药警戒线调查方法(HIV drug resistance threshold survey,HIVDR-TS)指导方案,收集6个月内检测发现的60～70名小于25岁的感染者血浆样本,检测HIV-1 pol区亚型及耐药基因型,并计算耐药株检出率、评价传播水平.结果 61份符合要求的样本共获得50个有效pol区序列.感染途径以同性传播为主,占62%;亚型分布以B(42%)、CRF01_AE(28%)、CRF07_BC(26%)3种为主.出现1例针对PI类药物的耐药突变株,检出率为2%(1/50);出现1例针对NRTI类药物的耐药突变株,检出率为2%(1/50);未出现针对NNRTI类药物的耐药突变株,检出率为0.蛋白酶(PR)区和逆转录酶(RT)区的耐药突变株检出率均为2%,均属于低度传播范围(<5%).结论 北京市未经抗病毒治疗HIV-1感染者中出现PR和RT区的耐药突变株,传播水平尚处于低流行状态,现有的抗病毒治疗方案是可行的,治疗前尚不需要进行大规模耐药性检测.     

大学生性行为及性道德观发展研究

目的 了解当代大学生性行为及性道德观念的发展变化。方法 自制问卷，对全国9所高校的2000余名大学生进行调查，并用SPSS10．0对结果进行统计处理。结果 大学生性交行为发生率呈逐年上升趋势，且随年级上升而增加；大学生认可性交行为道德观的5个雏度，但各年级之间有差异；大学生边缘性行为和独自性行为发生率随年级显著上升，认可度也随年级增加而上升；大学生对同性性接触基本持排斥态度，但排斥态度则趋于下降。结论 大学生性行为和性道德随年级上升而明显变化，应加强学校教育和引导。     

Human TLR-7-, -8-, and -9-mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta and -lambda Is IRAK-4 dependent and redundant for protective immunity to viruses

Five TLRs are thought to play an important role in antiviral immunity, sensing viral products and inducing IFN-alpha/beta and -lambda. Surprisingly, patients with a defect of IRAK-4, a critical kinase downstream from TLRs, are resistant to common viruses. We show here that IFN-alpha/beta and -lambda induction via TLR-7, TLR-8, and TLR-9 was abolished in IRAK-4-deficient blood cells. In contrast, IFN-alpha/beta and -lambda were induced normally by TLR-3 and TLR-4 agonists. Moreover, IFN-beta and -lambda were normally induced by TLR-3 agonists and viruses in IRAK-4-deficient fibroblasts. We further show that IFN-alpha/beta and -lambda production in response to 9 of 11 viruses tested was normal or weakly affected in IRAK-4-deficient blood cells. Thus, IRAK-4-deficient patients may control viral infections by TLR-3- and TLR-4-dependent and/or TLR-independent production of IFNs. The TLR-7-, TLR-8-, and TLR-9-dependent induction of IFN-alpha/beta and -lambda is strictly IRAK-4 dependent and paradoxically redundant for protective immunity to most viruses in humans.     

米非司酮终止中期妊娠时胎盘循环与超微结构的变化

观察３０例妊娠１６～２４周需终止妊娠者服用米非司酮前后子宫动脉和脐动脉血流速度波型的变化，并用电镜观察了５例胎盘微血管的改变。结果：服用米非司酮后，子宫动脉阻力指数（ＲＩ）和Ｓ／Ｄ比值及脐动脉的Ｓ／Ｄ比值较用药前明显增高，胎盘微血管壁有损伤性表现。提示：子宫胎盘循环动力学的变化及胎盘微血管的损伤可能是米非司酮终止妊娠的重要环节。     

复杂胸椎骨折中CT图像三维重建的应用探讨

目的直观立体地显示复杂胸椎骨折的图像，探讨螺旋CT医学图像三维重建在复杂胸椎骨折诊断中的价值及其对手术的指导意义。方法对92例胸椎骨折患者采用螺旋CT进行薄层扫描和三维重建进行诊断。CT扫描全部采用Siemens SOMATOM Sensation16型多排高速螺旋CT机，1．0mm层厚。扫猫所得断层资料通过网络传送至计算机工作站进行处理，采用Window．NT3．51平台上Insisht三维重建软件进行三维重建。结果三维CT图像能够围绕X轴和Z轴任意旋转、切割以从不同角度观察，能够清晰显示复杂的胸椎骨折和狭窄椎管的解剖形态特点。结论三维CT重建在胸椎骨折方面具有很大的临床应用价值，有助于提高脊柱骨折手术的安全性和精确性并对患者预后的估计提供帮助。     

严重急性呼吸综合征患者尸解肺标本的病理改变和致病机制研究

目的研究严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）患者尸解肺标本的病理改变和致病机制。方法观察了2003年4-7月期间死于SARS的6例患者的肺标本,并采用光镜、电镜、Masson三色染色和免疫组织化学染色方法（EnVision法）进行研究。结果肺标本的病理形态改变：（1）6例的双肺均可见到弥漫性实变病灶,肺重量明显增加;（2）6例均可见到弥漫性肺泡损伤,包括透明膜形成、肺泡腔内水肿／出血、纤维素沉积和肺泡上皮细胞脱屑,AE1／AE3免疫组织化学染色显示肺泡上皮细胞的完整性明显破坏;（3）Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞轻度增生,有一定异型性,细胞体积增大,胞质呈双染性和颗粒状,胞质内可见小脂肪空泡聚集（5／6）;（4）6例中有5例可见巨细胞在肺泡内浸润,巨细胞大多AEl／AE3阳性（5／6）,少数CD68阳性（2／6）;（5）组织学形态和免疫组织化学染色证实肺泡腔内和肺泡间隔内有多量巨噬细胞浸润（6／6）;（6）6例中有5例可见巨噬细胞噬红细胞象;（7）6例中有5例可见肺纤维化,包括肺泡间隔和肺间质增宽（5／6）、肺泡腔内渗出物机化（6／6）和胸膜增厚（4／6）。Masson三色染色证实胶原纤维明显增生,免疫组织化学染色显示大多数为Ⅲ型胶原。光镜和免疫组织化学染色显示5例有明显的成纤维细胞／肌纤维母细胞增生灶;（8）5例可见支气管黏膜鳞状上皮化生;（9）6例患者均可见血栓;（10）2例同时合并其他感染,1例合并细菌感染,另1例合并真菌感染。此外,电镜发现在肺泡上皮细胞和肺血管内皮细胞的胞质内有冠状病毒样颗粒。结论SARS冠状病毒直接损伤肺泡上皮细胞、巨噬细胞明显浸润和成纤维细胞／肌纤维母细胞显著增生在SARS的致病机制中起重要作用。     

Calcineurin-mediated BAD Ser155 dephosphorylation in ammonia-induced apoptosis of cultured rat hippocampal neurons

We previously reported that ammonia induced apoptosis in cultured rat hippocampal neurons with moderate increases in the intracellular calcium concentration and decreases in phospho-BAD levels. Since this suggested the involvement of calcineurin in the apoptosis, the effects of calcineurin inhibitors, 1 microM cyclosporin A and 1 microM FK506, on the ammonia-induced neuronal apoptosis were tested. Both of the inhibitors abolished the neuronal apoptosis assessed by double staining with Hoechst 33258 and anti-neurofilament antibody, and the ammonia-induced decrease in phospho-BAD Ser(155) level. Thus, calcineurin appeared to be involved in the dephosphorylation of BAD at the sites including Ser(155) in ammonia-induced apoptosis.     

Persistent monocytosis after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy correlated with the development of coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate whether changes in the complete blood count (CBC)/differential count (DC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were correlated to Kawasaki disease (KD) with coronary artery lesions (CALs). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of all children with KD at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung from 2001 to 2006. KD patients were divided into those with and without CALs for testing of correlations with changes in CBC/DC and CRP levels. RESULTS: A total of 147 patients were enrolled for this analysis. Serial CBC/DC and CRP measurements and echocardiographic data for determination of CAL formation were obtained before and after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment. There were 44 (29%) KD patients having CAL formation (>3 mm in diameter of internal lumen). There was no significant difference in terms of age distribution and major diagnostic criteria between KD patients with and without CALs. Male KD patients, however, had a significantly higher rate of CAL formation (p=0.009). In multivariate logistical regression analysis, persistent monocytosis after IVIG treatment was the only factor significantly correlated to CAL formation (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Of the febrile routine measurements of CBC/DC and CRP in KD, persistent monocytosis after IVIG treatment was correlated to CAL formation. Further studies to clarify the mechanism of monocytosis may help prevent the CALs of KD.     

阿糖胞苷纳米粒的制备及其释药规律研究

采用乳化聚合法制备阿糖胞苷纳米粒，研究其体内外释药特性。结果表明阿糖胞苷纳米粒体外释药规律符合双指数方程，有明显的缓释作用。在家兔体内的药物动力学过程符合二室模型，与阿糖胞苷注射剂相比，t1／2β和MRT延长，CL降低，表明阿糖胞苷纳米粒可显著延长阿糖胞苷在体内存留时间，具有明显的缓释特征。