Comparison of six anthropometric measures in discriminating diabetes: A cross‐sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BackgroundTraditional anthropometric measures, including body mass index (BMI), are insufficient for evaluating the risk of diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of new anthropometric measures and a combination of anthropometric measures for identifying diabetes.MethodsA total of 46 979 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey program were included in this study. Anthropometric measures, including weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐height ratio (WtHR), conicity index (CI), and A Body Shape Index (ABSI), were calculated. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the association between the anthropometric indices and diabetes. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to compare the discrimination of different anthropometric measures.ResultsAll anthropometric measures were positively and independently associated with the risk of diabetes. After adjusting for covariates, the per SD increment in WC, WtHR, and CI increased the risk of diabetes by 81%, 83%, and 81%, respectively. In the ROC analysis, CI showed superior discriminative ability for diabetes (area under the curve 0.714), and its optimum cutoff value was 1.31. Results of the combined use of BMI and other anthropometric measures showed that among participants with BMI <30 kg/m², an elevated level of another metric increased the risk of having diabetes (P < .001). Similarly, at low levels of weight, CI, and ABSI, an elevated BMI increased diabetes risk (P < .001).ConclusionsWtHR and CI had the best ability to identify diabetes when applied to the US noninstitutionalized population. Anthropometric measures containing WC information could improve the discrimination ability.     

Increased neutrophil count Is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the potential association of peripheral inflammatory blood cell parameters with the incidence and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study included 1192 subjects with diabetes derived from one center. The cohort study included 2060 subjects with diabetes derived from another two centers followed up for 4 years. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association of peripheral inflammatory blood cell with CKD.ResultsIn the cross‐sectional study, neutrophil count performed best as an independent risk factor for CKD (odds ratio 2.556 [95% confidence interval 1.111, 5.879]) even after 1:1 case–control matching for age, gender, history of high blood pressure and duration of diabetes. Spline regression revealed a significant linear association of CKD incidence with continuous neutrophil count in excess of 3.6 × 10⁹/L. In the cohort study, subjects were grouped based on tertile of neutrophil count and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio. Cox regression analysis results showed that only neutrophil count was independently associated with CKD progression (the highest group vs. the lowest group, hazard ratio 2.293 [95% confidence interval 1.260, 4.171]) after fully adjusting for potential confounders. The cumulative incidence of CKD progression in patients with diabetes gradually increased with increasing neutrophil count (53 (7.7%) subjects in the lowest group vs. 60 (8.2%) in the middle group vs. 78 (12.2%) in the highest group).ConclusionsThis study suggested that neutrophil count is an independent risk factor for progression of CKD in patients with diabetes.     

老年患者医院感染因素临床分析

目的了解老年患者医院感染的发生情况并探讨其相关因素及对策。方法对2025例60岁以上住院患者的临床资料进行回顾性调查分析。结果老年患者医院感染发生率高达5.04%,且随年龄增长而升高;感染部位以呼吸道居多（47.06%）,其次是胃肠道（22.55%）和泌尿道（17.65%）。结论老年患者为医院感染的易感人群,降低其呼吸道感染率是控制医院感染的一个重要内容。应严格掌握侵入性操作的指征,严格按照消毒规范执行各种诊疗操作,合理使用抗生素,以有效预防和控制老年患者的医院感染。     

羟丙基-β-环糊精用于静脉给药的研究概况

羟丙基-β-环糊精是β-环糊精的一种化学修饰性衍生物，对于水难溶性药物具有良好的包合增溶效果。现对其理化性质、静脉给药后的毒性、药动学和组织分布的研究概况进行综述，并简要介绍其在国内外制剂中的使用情况，同时围绕静脉给药，对实际应用泾丙基-β-环糊精时需考虑的一些问题进行较详细的概述。     

复方丹参胶囊质量控制标准研究

采用 TLC法鉴别复方丹参胶囊中高原丹参、三七及冰片 ;利用薄层扫描法测定高原丹参中丹参酮 A的含量 :甲醇提取液点样 ,石油醚 -醋酸乙酯 -冰醋酸 ( 8∶ 2∶ 0 .5)展开两次 ,4 80 nm扫描法测定。 5批样品每粒胶囊均含丹参酮 A0 .4 59～ 0 .557mg。     

miR-186靶向PIG11基因抑制胃癌MKN-28细胞侵袭的作用

目的研究mi R-186靶向PIG11基因抑制胃癌细胞的侵袭。方法首先通过生物信息学方法分析,寻找与PIG11(TP53I11)结合的靶mi RNAs。分别构建mi R-186 mimics、点突变序列(Point mutation,PM)、空白载体(Scramble),转染胃癌MKN-28细胞。q RT-PCR检测mi R-186表达,Western blot检测PIG11表达,分析mi R-186表达和PIG11表达之间的相关性。Transwell检测转染前后各组胃癌MKN-28细胞侵袭能力变化。结果生物信息学发现12个mi RNAs可能是PIG11的潜在靶mi RNAs,其中mi R-186与PIG11结合特异性最好、稳定性最强;MKN-28-mi R-186 mimics细胞株中mi R-186表达增高,而PIG11表达下调,而MKN-28、MKN-28-mi R-Scramble、MKN-28-mi R-186-PM 3个细胞株中mi R-186表达水平较低,而PIG11表达水平较高。MKN-28-mi R-186 mimics侵袭细胞计数明显低于其他3组(P<0.05)。结论 mi R-186有可能靶向结合PIG11,下调其表达并抑制胃癌细胞的侵袭。     

指末节断离再植探讨

目的：探讨基层医院无显微吻合技术指末节断离再植的成活率。方法：通过38例45指末节断离再植，采用静脉留置针头鞘多侧孔减压引流，进行临床资料分析探讨。结果：45指末节断离再植，成活37指占82.22%，失败8指占17.77%.结论：指末节断离再植，采用静脉留置针头鞘多侧孔减压引流，起血液循环架桥式的作用，人为建立血液循环，提高指末节断离再植成活率。     

Mechanisms underlying vasorelaxant action of astragaloside IV in isolated rat aortic rings

1. Astragaloside IV is a component from the widely used traditional Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus and its effect on rat aortic ring contraction and relaxation were investigated. 2. The aorta from male Sprague-Dawley rats was isolated in an organ bath and ring tension was recorded with or without endothelium. Cumulative effects of astragaloside IV on vessel contraction and relaxation were observed in the presence of various antagonists related to vessel activity. 3. Astragaloside IV showed concentration-dependent inhibition of vessel contraction induced by phenylephrine and potassium chloride. The amount of calcium released from intracellular stores sensitive to phenylephrine was also markedly reduced by astragaloside IV. There was dose-dependent vasorelaxation in endothelium-intact rings, which was partly inhibited by pre-incubation with nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-alpha] quinoxalin-1-one. Astragaloside IV also induced a significant increase in aortic tissue content of guanosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) both in vivo and in vitro. Endothelial NOS inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine prevented vasodilatation, whereas neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole did not show significant influence on the vessel relaxation of astragaloside IV. 4. In conclusion, astragaloside IV inhibited vessel contraction through blocking calcium influx and intracellular calcium release. The endothelium-dependent vessel dilation of astragaloside IV was attributed mainly to the endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP pathway.