加强医院文化建设的思考

当今医院文化已经成为医院生存和发展的重要战略资源和宝贵的物质及精神财富，成为提高医院整体素质和核心竞争力的重要内容，成为构建和谐医患关系的关键因素。谁掌握了先进的医院文化，谁就能够掌握医院建设的主动权，为医院的振兴和发展创造最根本的条件。如何加强医院文化建设，笔者认为，医院文化建设应主要从医院文化教育、医院文化活动、医院文化制度三方面着手，使医院文化建设走上正常化、规范化、系统化、制度化。     

Trends in childhood injury mortality in Canada, 1979–2002

OBJECTIVE: To examine national trends in mortality rates for injuries among Canadian children younger than 15 years in 1979-2002. METHODS: Data on injury deaths were obtained from the Canadian Vital Statistics system at Statistics Canada. Injuries were classified using the codes for external cause of injury and poisoning (E-codes) by intent and by mechanism. Mortality rates were age adjusted to the 1990 world standard population. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate the secular trends. RESULTS: Annual mortality rates for total and unintentional injuries declined substantially (from 23.8 and 21.7 in 1979 to 7.2 and 5.8 in 2002, respectively), whereas suicide deaths among children aged 10-14 showed an increasing trend. All Canadian provinces and territories showed a decreasing trend in mortality rates of total injuries. Motor vehicle related injuries were the most common cause of injury deaths (accounted for an average of 36.4% of total injury deaths), followed by suffocation (14.3%), drowning (13.5%), and burning (11.1%); however, suffocation was the leading cause for infants. The number of potential years of life lost due to injury before age 75 decreased from 89 343 in 1979 to 27 948 in 2002 for children aged 0-14 years. CONCLUSIONS: During the period 1979-2002, there were dramatic decreases in childhood mortality for total injuries and unintentional injuries as well as various degrees of reduction for all causes of injury except suffocation in children aged 10-14 years and drowning in infants. The reason for the reduction in injury mortality might be multifactoral.     

中国安乐死实施的不可行性分析

目前，国内外关于安乐死立法的呼声日益高涨。但是，从我国的国情、立法环境和文化风俗来看，安乐死尚不具备实施的可行性。从社会宏观角度看，由于受传统伦理道德和价值观念的束缚，民众观念需要转变。同时，由于对生命权也未作规定。政治经济等各方面原因，医疗科研水平存在局限，我国对安乐死基本问题和判断标准无法达成一致。从微观角度来看，安乐死行为涉及患者、医务人员、患者家属和医疗机构四方利益，实施安乐死存在安全隐患。本丈将从这两个方面分析我国实施安乐死的现实可行性，论证目前在我国实施安乐死的条件和时机还不成熟。     

我国城镇职工基本医疗保险道德风险博弈分析

我国城镇职工基本医疗保险长期以来受到道德风险的困扰,道德风险对医疗保险事业的健康发展产生了巨大危害.本文运用博弈论方法,对医疗保险制度中医疗机构、参保人、医疗保险机构之间存在的道德风险博弈条件、博弈过程进行了分析,揭示了医疗保险道德风险存在条件、原因以及必然性.结合博弈分析,提出从破坏博弈条件、干扰破坏博弈过程两个角度防范医疗保险道德风险,具体包括加强道德体系建设、削弱医疗机构侵害医保的利益驱动、加强医疗保险信息化建设、降低博弈发生概率、建立监督激励机制等方面.     

转基因食品研究与发展的哲学反思——从不可持续发展向可持续发展的转换

转基因食品在全球迅猛发展并由此可能带来生态环境的毁灭性破坏不得不引起人类的反思。首先从人类发展方式——从不可持续发展向可持续发展的转换对转基因食品的研究与发展进行了反思，认为转基因食品的研究与发展应该走技术化生存与人性化生存相结合的可持续发展的道路。     

金丝桃提取物对应激动物模型的抗抑郁作用及其机理研究

[目的]探讨金丝桃提取物(EHP)的抗抑郁作用及其作用机制。[方法]选取了小鼠强迫游泳应激实验;小鼠尾悬吊应激实验;大鼠慢性应激抑郁模型脑内单胺类神经递质测定实验,研究EHP抗抑郁作用及其作用机制。[结果]EHP(320mg/kg、160mg/kg)能显著缩短强迫游泳小鼠及尾悬吊小鼠的不动时间(P<0.05);EHP(320mg/kg、160mg/kg)能显著提高慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠大脑内单胺类神经递质及其代谢物的含量(P<0.05).结论金丝桃提取物具有一定的抗抑郁作用,其抗抑郁作用可能与增加脑内单胺类神经递质的含量有关。     

局部亚低温对大鼠脑出血后水通道蛋白4表达的影响

目的观察局部亚低温对大鼠自体血注入法脑出血模型水通道蛋白4(AQP-4)mRNA及蛋白质表达的影响,探讨局部亚低温减轻脑出血后水肿的可能机制。方法雄性W istar大鼠240只,随机分为脑出血(ICH)组和脑出血加局部亚低温(ICH+H)组。每组分为对照、脑出血后6、24、72 h,5、7 d共6个亚组,ICH+H组于注血后给予4 h的局部亚低温治疗,各亚组分别进行血脑屏障(BBB)通透性、脑水含量的检测以及应用逆转录(RT)-PCR及W estern印迹对AQP-4进行测定。结果ICH组大鼠脑组织水含量、BBB通透性以及AQP-4 mRNA表达的增加始于脑出血后6 h,AQP-4蛋白质表达的增加始于脑出血后24 h,均至72 h达高峰(P<0.01)。AQP-4 mRNA及蛋白质表达的变化与BBB通透性的变化呈正相关(r=0.78和r=0.76)。ICH+H组的脑组织水含量和BBB通透性在各时间点与ICH组相比明显下降,而AQP-4 mRNA吸光度值(A)在脑出血后48 h与ICH组相比开始较低,在72 h,由ICH组的1.25±0.03降至1.04±0.02(P<0.01),AQP-4蛋白质A值在各时间点与ICH组相比明显下降,在72 h,由ICH组的0.77±0.08下降至0.25±0.04(P<0.01)。结论脑出血后BBB完整性的破坏可以导致AQP-4表达的上升。局部亚低温可以抑制脑出血后AQP-4 mRNA和蛋白质表达的增加。局部亚低温可能既通过减轻BBB完整性的破坏在转录水平抑制AQP-4 mRNA表达的增加,也可以在翻译水平直接抑制AQP-4蛋白质的表达,来减轻脑出血后的脑水肿形成。     

The clinical value of serum CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

AIM: Serum tumour markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and CA242 were investigated to evaluate the values of single and combined test in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Pre-operative serum CEA, CA19-9 and CA242 were measured in 105 pancreatic cancers, 70 non-pancreatic malignancies and 30 benign pancreatic diseases. RESULTS: The sensitivity of CA19-9 alone was the highest in pancreatic cancer patients (80%), but the specificity was significantly lower than that of CEA and CA242 (P<0.01). The combination of CEA and CA242 could increase the specificity to 92%. In serum CA242 positive patients, the survival time was remarkably shorter than that of patients with negative result (P<0.01). The survival time in patients with more than two markers positive expression of CEA, CA19-9 and CA242 was obviously shorter than that of only one or no marker positive expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic rate of CA19-9 in pancreatic cancer is better than that of CEA and CA242. Combined detection of CEA and CA242 can improve the diagnostic specificity obviously. High levels of serum markers are associated with advanced stage of the disease. Patients with two or three markers positive expression of CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 simultaneously had a shorter survival time.     

病人的心理需求

生老病死是自然规律，人的一生都有扮演病人角色的可能。这是一个令人惧怕、厌恶的角色，但由于某种原因又不得不接受并担当这个角色。病人是社会的、有着不同心理状态的人，而这些不同的心理状态将直接影响到护理效果。因此，我对病人的心理需求进行了必要的讨论。     

塑料及玻璃安瓿开启方法对注射剂不溶性微粒污染的影响

玻璃安瓿是小容量水针剂的主要包装形式,临床使用量大,护士在掰开抽取药液的过程中可能会引入不溶性微粒,微粒的多少取决于安瓿的质量和操作者的动作.因此,选择适宜的安瓿材质和开启安瓿的方法,对于减少引入的不溶性微粒和保护操作人员都是有意义的.我国现行药典尚未限制小容量注射剂中不溶性微粒的数量,而<美国药典>(第24版)规定小体积注射液每个容器≥10μm微粒不得超过3000个,≥25μm的微粒不得超过300个.