玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿

评估玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除对糖尿病性黄斑水肿（DME）的疗效。方法：回顾性病例对照研究。2014年6月至2017年1月间因糖尿病视网膜病变合并玻璃体积血或增殖病变于温州医科大学附属眼视光医院杭州院区行玻璃体切割手术治疗，且术前或术中经光学相干断层扫描（OCT）检查确诊合并DME的患者31例（33眼）纳入研究。16例（18眼）术中联合内界膜剥除作为剥膜组，15例（15眼）仅接受玻璃体切割手术治疗者作为对照组。所有手术均由同一医师主刀完成。术后1、3个月随访时复查OCT，对比观察黄斑中心厚度（CMT）和视力的术后变化情况。随访中CMT和最佳矫正视力（BCVA）比较采用重复测量方差分析，组间CMT和BCVA比较采用独立样本t检验。结果：手术前，手术后1、3个月2组间比较LogMAR视力总体差异有统计学意义（F=15.93，P<0.001）。术后 1个月时剥膜组BCVA高于对照组（t=2.55，P=0.02），但术后3个月时2组间差异无统计学意义（t=0.82， P=0.42）。手术前，手术后1、3个月CMT总体差异无统计学意义（F=2.85，P=0.065）。术后1、3个月时，剥膜组的CMT均低于对照组，2组间差异均有统计学意义（t=2.24，P=0.03；t=3.79，P=0.001）。术后1个月时，剥膜组有效（与术前比CMT减少20%以上）、无效（变化不超过20%）及恶化（增厚超过 20%）的例数分别为8、6、4例，术后3个月时则分别为11、5、2例，与对照组相比，术后1个月时组间差异无统计学意义（Z=-1.687，P=0.092），术后3个月时剥膜组DME改善有效比例明显高于对照组，组间差异有统计学意义（Z=-2.177，P=0.029）。结论：对于非牵拉性DME，内界膜剥除有助于术后早期DME消退。     

Botulinum toxin blocks mast cells and prevents rosacea like inflammation

Background

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition whose etiology has been linked to mast cells and the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37. Individuals with refractory disease have demonstrated clinical benefit with periodic injections of onabotulinum toxin, but the mechanism of action is unknown.

Hyodeoxycholic acid protects the neurovascular unit against oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation-induced injury in vitro

Calculus bovis is commonly used for the treatment of stroke in traditional Chinese medicine. Hyodeoxycholic acid(HDCA) is a bioactive compound extracted from calculus bovis. When combined with cholic acid, baicalin and jas-minoidin, HDCA prevents hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced brain injury by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptotic signaling. However, the effects of HDCA in ischemic stroke injury have not yet been studied. Neurovascular unit(NVU) dysfunction occurs in ischemic stroke. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of HDCA on the NVU under ischemic conditions in vitro. We co-cultured primary brain microvascular endothelial cells, neurons and astrocytes using a transwell chamber co-culture system. The NVU was pre-treated with 10.16 or 2.54 μg/mL HDCA for 24 hours before exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 1 hour. The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect cell activity. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling were used to assess apoptosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Oxidative stress-related factors, such as superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and γ-glutamyltransferase, were measured using kits. Pretreatment with HDCA significantly decreased blood-brain barrier permeability and neuronal apoptosis, significantly increased transendothelial electrical resistance and γ-glutamyltransferase activity, attenuated oxidative stress damage and the release of inflammatory cytokines, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression. Our findings suggest that HDCA maintains NVU morphological integrity and function by modulating inflammation, oxidation stress, apoptosis, and the expression of neurotrophic factors. Therefore, HDCA may have therapeutic potential in the clinical management of ischemic stroke. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Experimental Animals of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(approval No. BUCM-3-2016040201-2003) in April 2016.     

Two new bisamides from the leaves of Aglaia perviridis

Two new bisamides, aglaiamides A (1) and B (2), along with three known ones (3–5), were isolated from the leaves of Aglaia perviridis. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses.     

Chalcone hybrids and their antimalarial activity

Malaria, one of the most striking, re-emerging infectious diseases caused by the genus Plasmodium, places a huge burden on global healthcare systems. A major challenge in the control and eradication of malaria is the continuous emergence of increasingly widespread drug-resistant malaria, creating an urgent need to develop novel antimalarial agents. Chalcone derivatives are ubiquitous in nature and have become indispensable units in medicinal chemistry applications due to their diverse biological profiles. Many chalcone derivatives demonstrate potential in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity, so chalcone could be a useful template for the development of novel antimalarial agents. This review covers the recent development of chalcone hybrids as antimalarial agents. The critical aspects of the design and structure–activity relationship of these compounds are also discussed.