经T管窦道网篮取石治疗胆道残余结石

目的：采用非手术方法治疗胆道残余结石，方法：应用介入方法经T管窦道网蓝取石，结果：治疗39例。取得了满意的疗效。成功率达92．3％，结论：经T管窦道网蓝取石治疗胆道残余结石，是一种简便，安全、有效的治疗方法。     

肝细胞癌的相关血清标志物

HCC的早期诊断是其治疗的关键，HCC血清标志物的检测又为其诊断提供了有利的途径，并且操作简单，敏感性高和特异性强。目前常用的血清标志物为AFP、AFP变异体、AFP mRNA、AFU、GGT、DCP、AIF、GPC3等。这些标志物的联合使用有助于HCC的诊断及预后。     

深插胃镜诊断十二指肠乳头以下病变的临床价值

目的 探讨深插胃镜对十二指肠乳头以下病变的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析行胃镜检查[深插至十二指肠空肠曲(屈氏韧带附近)]的320例患者的临床资料、操作方法及检查结果。结果 320例患者中，深插至十二指肠升部成功率为93．12％，其中最多可以观察到十二指肠空肠以下8～10cm，所用时间约3～15min，发现十二指肠降部及以下病变85例。结论 深插胃镜对十二指肠乳头以下部位病变具有较好的诊断及治疗价值。     

The etiology, treatment, and prevention of nonorganic failure-to-thrive in infants

Nonorganic failure-to-thrive is a medical-psychological disorder reflecting lack of growth in an infant without apparent physical causes. Children who fail to thrive as infants are at high risk for developmental delays, personality problems, abuse, and death. This article focuses on environmental failure-to-thrive, describing the behavioral characteristics of the nonthriving infant and the family milieu. Aspects of early environments of NOFT infants are profiled, specific intervention strategies are discussed, and recommendations regarding the promotion of intense, consistent multi-disciplinary intervention strategies are advanced.     

Xenograft rejection--all that glitters is not Gal.

Xenotransplantation is being developed in the hope of resolvingthe critical shortage of donor organs for transplantation. TheEurotransplant waiting lists [1] for donor organs of variouskinds number almost 16 000 patients and the US lists [2] morethan 90 000 patients. Renal transplantation, for instance, cost-effectivelyconfers a significant survival advantage [3] and improvementof quality of life [4]. But whereas currently, in Europe, nearly12 000 end-stage renal disease patients await a suitable donor,only 3383 kidney transplants were performed in 2005, with anaverage waiting time of 1174 days [1]. Substantial researchefforts are being made in the field of xenotransplantation,and the immunological barriers are gradually being elucidated.Pig-to-human xenogeneic