Long-term effects of thyroid stimulating hormone and insulin on intracellular pH in FRTL-5 cells.

We have studied the chronic effects of TSH (100 microU/ml) and insulin (10 micrograms/ml) on intracellular pH (pH(i)) in FRTL-5 cells using the pH sensitive probe 2'7-bis (2-carboxyethyl-5'-6') carboxyfluorescein. FRTL-5 cells were cultured on Petri dishes either in the presence of 4H, ie. Coons F-12 containing cortisol (10 nM), transferrin (0.5 microgram/ml), glycyl-histidyl lysine acetate (10 ng/ml) and somatostatin (10 micrograms/ml), or with 4H + insulin (5H), 4H + TSH, or 4H + TSH + insulin (6H). pH(i) was measured in small groups of cells by microspectrofluorimetry both in the presence and absence of bicarbonate ions after cells had been deprived of serum for at least a day. In the absence of TSH, insulin and bicarbonate ions, pH(i) was 7.26 +/- 0.18 (mean +/- SD, n = 49) rising to 7.89 +/- 0.09 (n = 59) and 7.43 +/- 0.1 (n = 55) in the presence of TSH (4H + TSH) and insulin (5H) respectively. Addition of both insulin and TSH (6H) resulted in a pH(i) of 7.75 +/- 0.09 (n = 40). In the absence of TSH and insulin, but the presence of bicarbonate ions, pH(i) was 7.29 +/- 0.12 (mean +/- SD n = 47) rising to 7.72 +/- 0.07 (n = 59) in 4H + TSH and 7.48 +/- 0.08 (n = 60) in 5H. pH(i) in the presence of both TSH and insulin was 7.81 +/- 0.03 (n = 60). In conclusion, both insulin and TSH caused an intracellular alkalinization, TSH markedly so, even in the presence of bicarbonate ions.     

Finger and hand replantation. Surgical technique.

An approach to the technique of either finger, thumb, or hand replantation is presented in this article. Acceptable alternative approaches exist, but I have found those techniques described as practical and useful. Variations of these techniques will be necessary depending on any number of circumstances, but these considerations should be individualized to the specific patient and injury pattern.     

Renal cystic disease in infants and children.

Renal cystic disease is a common abnormality of the kidney in the pediatric age group. Cystic disease may occur as a sporadic dysplasia or, somewhat more commonly, represent a genetic disorder. Establishment of an accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment requires a broad approach to the problem, including radiologic imaging, renal function testing, and occasionally surgical biopsy. Interpretation of the imaging studies requires understanding of the patterns of renal cystic disease in the pediatric age group.     

Isolation and characterization of a penicillinase from Pseudomonas cepacia 249.

Pseudomonas cepacia has an inducible beta-lactamase which is responsible for its novel ability to catabolize beta-lactam compounds. The gene encoding this enzyme, penA, was cloned from a genomic library of P. cepacia 249 on the broad-host-range cosmid pLAFR. This separated the penA gene from the gene encoding a second beta-lactamase in P. cepacia 249. Expression of penA was inducible in an Escherichia coli host strain by low levels of penicillin. The 33,500-molecular-weight enzyme had penicillinase activity not inhibited by clavulanic acid or sulbactam and was highly active against piperacillin and azlocillin. In comparison with other inducible beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative organisms, the penA enzyme had many properties which were similar to those of the penicillinase produced by Alcaligenes faecalis. It was unlike the ampC-type cephalosporinase produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.     

No linkage or association between multiple sclerosis and the myelin basic protein gene in affected sibling pairs.

Myelin basic protein was examined as a candidate gene for susceptibility to multiple sclerosis using two adjacent amplification fragment length polymorphisms (AmpFLPs), containing seven and six highly informative alleles respectively. No allelic association was found with multiple sclerosis, comparing 77 cases and 88 controls, and there was no evidence for linkage in 73 affected sibling pairs, using the methods of identity by descent and identity by state.     

Transplantation for myocarditis: a controversy revisited.

Myocarditis is a major cause of end-stage heart failure and is responsible for up to 10% of cases of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). Worldwide, approximately 45% of all heart transplants are performed for IDC and up to 8% for myocarditis. Early reports suggested that survival after transplantation for myocarditis was poor and patients had an increased risk of rejection. More recently, larger case series suggest that overall survival after transplantation for myocarditis is similar to survival after transplantation for other causes. However, certain disorders, including cardiac sarcoidosis and giant cell myocarditis (GCM), require heightened surveillance for post-transplantation disease recurrence. We present the case of a 42-year-old man with recurrence of GCM 8 years after transplantation and review the literature on the role of cardiac transplantation for patients with myocarditis.     

Herpes zoster infection as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-seropositive subjects: a review.

The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has resulted paradoxically in the worsening of clinical symptoms of previously subclinical infections, such as herpes zoster (HZ), herpes simplex, angular cheilitis, warts, tuberculosis, hepatitis B and C, cytomegalovirus retinitis, and others, as a result of substantial reconstitution of the host's immune responses. This phenomenon is referred to as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). It may affect up to 32% of HIV-seropositive subjects within a wide range of time after the initiation of HAART, but mainly after 8-12 weeks. Mucocutaneous HZ accounts for 7%-12% of the diseases associated with HIV infection that become worse again when the subject's immunity improves from the administration of HAART. It usually occurs after 4 weeks from the initiation of HAART, and under these circumstances the clinical symptoms and natural course of mucocutaneous HZ are similar to those in HIV-seropositive subjects who do not manifest IRIS.     

Nursing time to program and assess deep brain stimulators in movement disorder patients.

The use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia is increasing. Although some published literature describes the methods for DBS programming, the time and nursing requirements to run a DBS surgical program have not been examined previously. For this study, we prospectively recorded the time required for both assessments and programming of the DBS from the preoperative period to 1 year after surgery in a variety of patients. Results showed that the mean total time spent programming the stimulator and assessing these patients ranged from 18.0-36.2 hours per patient. It took twice as long to program the stimulator in patients with Parkinson's disease as it did in patients with essential tremor or dystonia. When setting up a program for movement disorders surgery, nursing time spent on patient assessment and programming should be considered in the workload.