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21.
Wilms M Eickhoff SB Specht K Amunts K Shah NJ Malikovic A Fink GR 《Anatomy and embryology》2005,210(5-6):485-495
To date, the delineation of the human visual “motion area” still relies on functional paradigms originally devised to identify
monkey area MT. Using fMRI, we have identified putative human area V5/MT+ in normals by modelling the BOLD responses to alternating radially moving and stationary dot patterns. Functional activations
were compared with cytoarchitectonic probability maps of its putative correlate area hOc5, which was calculated based upon data from histological sections of ten human post-mortem brains. Bilateral visual cortex
activations were seen in the single subject dynamic versus stationary contrasts and in the group random-effects analysis. Comparison of group data with area hOc5 revealed that 19.0%/39.5% of the right/left functional activation was assigned to the right/left hOc5. Conversely, 83.2%/53.5% of the right/left hOc5 was functionally activated. Comparison of functional probability maps (fPM) with area hOc5 showed that 28.6%/18.1% of the fPM was assigned to hOc5. In turn, 84.9%/41.5% of the area hOc5 was covered by the respective fPM. Thus, random-effects data and fPMs yielded similar results. The present study shows for
the first time the correspondence between the functionally defined human V5/MT+ and the post-mortem cytoarchitectonic area hOc5. 相似文献
22.
同种异体黑素细胞移植治疗白癜风 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
0 引言 白癜风患者免疫紊乱 ,黑素细胞 (melanocyte,MC)异体移植有可能不被排斥 ,治疗如成功将有很大临床前景 [1 ] .探索同种异体黑素细胞移植后的效果很有意义 .1 病例报告 女 ,2 7岁 ,确诊白癜风 (稳定期 ) ,患者皮肤自幼出现色素脱失斑 ,逐渐增多扩大 . 1996年外用“敏白灵”,前2 mo有效 . 1999- 0 7外用补骨酯酊 ,日服 5 g· L- 1 硫酸铜 10m L和中药 1剂 ,转移因子 4m L ,sc,1· 2 d- 1 .皮损缩小 ,4mo后稳定 .用健康男青年环切的包皮培养 MC,第 4代大约80 %融合时 ,用 2 .5 g· L- 1 胰酶消化 5 min,加入含 2 0 0 g·L- 1小… 相似文献
23.
Animal models of tremor. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Animal models of tremor have been widely used in experimental neurology, because they are an indispensable requirement for understanding the pathophysiology of human tremor disorders and the development of new therapeutic agents. This review focuses on three approaches to produce tremor in animals (application of tremorgenic drugs, experimental central nervous system lesions, study of genetic mutants) and their use in simulating tremor syndromes of humans. Whereas harmaline induces a postural/kinetic tremor in animals that shares some features with human essential tremor/enhanced physiological tremor, MPTP tremor is the best model available for rest tremor in people. The tremor following experimental lesion of the ventromedial tegmentum in primates closely resembles Holmes tremor in humans, whereas cerebellar intention tremor is mimicked by cooling of the lateral cerebellar nuclei. The "campus syndrome," discovered in a breed of Pietrain pigs, might be a useful model of human orthostatic tremor. However, no animal model has yet been generated that exactly recreates all features of any of the known tremor disorders in humans. Problems encountered when comparing tremor in animals and humans include differing tremor frequencies and the uncertainty, if specific transmitter abnormalities/central nervous system lesions seen in animal tremor models are characteristic for their human counterparts. The search for adequate tremor models continues. 相似文献
24.
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-induced DNA adduction, tumorigenicity, and Ki-ras oncogene mutations in strain A/J mouse lung 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prahalad AK; Ross JA; Nelson GB; Roop BC; King LC; Nesnow S; Mass MJ 《Carcinogenesis》1997,18(10):1955-1963
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), an environmental polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon, is the most potent carcinogen ever tested in mouse skin and
rat mammary gland. In this study, DB[a,l]P was examined for DNA adduction,
tumorigenicity, and induction of Ki-ras oncogene mutations in tumor DNA in
strain A/J mouse lung. Groups of mice received a single i.p. injection of
0.3, 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 mg/kg DB[a,l]P in tricaprylin. Following treatment,
DNA adducts were measured at times between 1 and 28 days, while tumors were
counted at 250 days and analyzed for the occurrence of point mutations in
codons 12 and 61 of the Ki-ras oncogene. DB[a,l]P in strain A/J mouse lung
induced six major and four minor DNA adducts. Maximal levels of adduction
occurred between 5 and 10 days after injection followed by a gradual
decrease. DB[a,l]P-DNA adducts in lung tissue were derived from both anti-
and syn-11,12- dihydroxy-13,14-epoxy-
11,12,13,14-tetrahydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]PDE) and both
deoxyadenosine (dAdo) and deoxyguanosine (dGuo) residues in DNA as revealed
by cochromatography. The major adduct was identified as a product of the
reaction of an anti-DB[a,l]PDE with dAdo in DNA. DB[a,l]P induced
significant numbers of lung adenomas in a dose- dependent manner, with the
highest dose (6.0 mg/kg) yielding 16.1 adenomas/mouse. In
tricaprylin-treated control animals, there were 0.67 adenomas/mouse. Based
on the administered dose, DB[a,l]P was more active than other environmental
carcinogens including benzo[a]pyrene. As a function of time-integrated DNA
adduct levels, DB[a,l]P induced lung adenomas with about the same potency
as other PAHs, suggesting that the adducts formed by DB[a,l]P are similar
in carcinogenic potency to other PAHs in the strain A/J mouse lung model.
Analysis of the Ki- ras mutation spectrum in DB[a,l]P-induced lung tumors
revealed the predominant mutations to be G-->T transversions in the
first base of codon 12, A-->G transitions in the second base of codon
12, and A-->T transversions in the second or third base of codon 61,
concordant with the DNA adduct profile.
相似文献
25.
Nesnow S; Davis C; Nelson G; Ross JA; Allison J; Adams L; King LC 《Carcinogenesis》1997,18(10):1973-1978
C3H10T1/2CL8 (C3H10T1/2) mouse embryo fibroblasts were used to study the in
vitro carcinogenic activities of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) and
benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The morphological transforming activities of these
rodent carcinogens were compared using replicate concentration- response
studies. In concentration ranges where both polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) were active, DB[a,l]P proved to be four to 12 times as
potent as B[a]P based on concentration. At lower concentrations DB[a,l]P
was active at 0.10 and 0.20 microM, concentrations where B[a]P was
inactive. This makes DB[a,l]P the most potent non-methylated PAH evaluated
to date in C3H10T1/2 cells. DNA adducts of DB[a,l]P in C3H10T1/2 cells were
analyzed by both TLC and TLC/HPLC 32P-postlabeling methods using
mononucleotide 3'-phosphate adduct standards derived from the reactions of
anti-DB[a,l]P-11,12-diol- 13,14-epoxide (anti-DB[a,l]PDE) and
syn-DB[a,l]P-11,12-diol-13,14- epoxide (syn-DB[a,l]PDE) with deoxyadenosine
3'-monophosphate and deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate. All of the DNA
adducts observed in C3H10T1/2 cells treated with DB[a,l]P were identified
as being derived from the metabolism of DB[a,l]P to its fjord region diol
epoxides through DB[a,l]P-11,12-diol. The predominant adduct was identified
as an anti-DB[a,l]PDE-deoxyadenosine adduct. Other major adducts were anti-
DB[a,l]PDE-deoxyguanosine and syn-DB[a,l]PDE-deoxyadenosine adducts with
minor amounts of syn-DB[a,l]PDE-deoxyguanosine adducts. These DNA adduct
data are consistent with similar findings of DB[a,l]PDE- deoxyadenosine
adducts in mouse skin studies and human mammary cells in culture.
相似文献
26.
Early stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma: radiotherapy dose and time factors in tumor control 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chang JT; See LC; Liao CT; Chen LH; Leung WM; Chen SW; Chen WC 《Japanese journal of clinical oncology》1998,28(3):207-213
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate radiotherapy dose and length of treatment in the
control of early stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with a
combination of external radiotherapy and brachytherapy, MATERIALS &
METHODS: We reviewed the records of 133 patients with early stage
nasopharyngeal carcinoma (stage I or II, AJC/UICC staging system) who
received definitive radiotherapy in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 1979
to 1991. The median follow-up time was 7.1 years with a minimum of 2 years.
All patients were treated with megavoltage external radiotherapy to the
nasopharynx area (63-72 Gy) followed by high dose rate intracavitary
brachytherapy (5-16.5 Gy in one to three fractions, spaced 1-2 weeks
apart). The median total dose and time of irradiation was 75 Gy (69.8-81.4
Gy) and 11.6 weeks (7.8-20 weeks) respectively. Survival analysis was used
to examine the effect of several variables on prognosis. RESULTS: The
5-year rates were 86.4% for local control, 84.7% for disease free survival,
88.5% for actuarial survival and 84.2% for overall survival. The treatment
group (combination of time and dose of irradiation) was the most important
prognostic factor according to Cox's proportional hazard model. Patients
receiving radiation at a total dose of < or = 75 Gy completed in < 12
weeks showed the best prognosis. CONCLUSION: Treatment time and total
treatment dose are both important factors in treating early stage NPC.
Decreasing the total radiation time to < 12 weeks and not exceeding a
radiation dose of 75 Gy gave the best results.
相似文献
27.
28.
Kenneth Carels Sandra A. Cornelissen David Robben Walter Coudyzer Philippe Demaerel Guido Wilms 《Acta neurologica Belgica》2018,118(2):297-302
To measure the diameter and the transsectional area of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) on CT Angiography (CTA) in patients with aplasia of the A1-segment of the ACA (A1) and in patients with symmetrical A1, the mean diameter and area of the ICA on both sides were measured at a level of 2 cm below the skull base with a commercially available CT software in 41 consecutive patients with aplasia of A1 observed during a 12-month period on CTA and in 41 control patients with symmetrical A1. The mean diameter of the ipsilateral ICA was 3.83?±?0.60 mm versus 4.86?±?0.60 mm as mean diameter of the contralateral ICA and versus 4.40?±?0.60 mm as mean diameter of both ICAs in the control group of patients. The mean area of the ipsilateral ICA was 11.58?±?3.80 mm2 versus 18. 82?±?7.39 mm2 as mean area of the contralateral ICA and versus 15.29?±?4.42 mm2 as mean area of both ICA in the control group of patients. These differences are statistically highly significant. In patients with symmetrical A1, there was no statistical difference between the diameter or area of both internal carotid arteries. In conclusion, in patients with aplasia of A1, the ipsilateral diameter and area of the cervical ICA is smaller than the diameter and area of the contralateral ICA and smaller than the diameter and area of both internal carotid arteries in patients with symmetrical A1. 相似文献
29.
30.
A humanised tissue‐engineered bone model allows species‐specific breast cancer‐related bone metastasis in vivo
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VMC Quent AV Taubenberger JC Reichert LC Martine JA Clements DW Hutmacher D Loessner 《Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine》2018,12(2):494-504
Bone metastases frequently occur in the advanced stages of breast cancer. At this stage, the disease is deemed incurable. To date, the mechanisms of breast cancer‐related metastasis to bone are poorly understood. This may be attributed to the lack of appropriate animal models to investigate the complex cancer cell–bone interactions. In this study, two established tissue‐engineered bone constructs (TEBCs) were applied to a breast cancer‐related metastasis model. A cylindrical medical‐grade polycaprolactone‐tricalcium phosphate scaffold produced by fused deposition modelling (scaffold 1) was compared with a tubular calcium phosphate‐coated polycaprolactone scaffold fabricated by solution electrospinning (scaffold 2) for their potential to generate ectopic humanised bone in NOD/SCID mice. While scaffold 1 was found not suitable to generate a sufficient amount of ectopic bone tissue due to poor ectopic integration, scaffold 2 showed excellent integration into the host tissue, leading to bone formation. To mimic breast cancer cell colonisation to the bone, MDA‐MB‐231, SUM1315, and MDA‐MB‐231BO breast cancer cells were cultured in polyethylene glycol‐based hydrogels and implanted adjacent to the TEBCs. Histological analysis indicated that the breast cancer cells induced an osteoclastic reaction in the TEBCs, demonstrating analogies to breast cancer‐related bone metastasis seen in patients. 相似文献