海南省黎族居民弓形虫感染情况调查

为了解我省黎族居民弓形虫感染情况的流行特征,采用间接红细胞凝集试验（ＩＨＡ）对保亭、通什、昌江三县市部分黎族居民进行了形本调查,并调查８５６人,结果抗体阳性３１人,阳性率３．６２％。调查结果表明,黎族居民弓形虫感染比较严重应当引起重视。     

An aerosol challenge model of Bordetella pertussis infection as a potential bioassay for acellular pertussis vaccines

Whole cell and five different types of acellular pertussis vaccine were assayed using a mouse aerosol challenge model which permitted delivery of a controlled, consistent dose of Bordetella pertussis to the lower respiratory tract. Using this system, the viable counts in the lungs of vaccinated mice were immunisation dose-dependent and allowed the protective capacity of different vaccine preparations to be distinguished. This model may thus provide the basis for a protection assay for pertussis vaccines. Comparison of acellular vaccines with a whole cell pertussis vaccine showed that the latter gave better active protection in mice but with a different dose-response relationship. Thus the two types of vaccine are not directly comparable in the same assay and require different reference standards. A pentavalent type acellular vaccine is suggested as a possible candidate standard for the acellular vaccine potency test. The results suggest that this aerosol challenge model has potential for use as a potency test for acellular pertussis vaccines.     

八氯二丙醚增强氯氰菊酯杀灭蜚蠊效果观察

目的：为寻找杀灭蜚蠊的有效制剂,制备了高效氯氟菊酯毒饵。并进行了实验室和现场杀灭蜚蠊效果的观察。方法：将氯氰菊酯可湿性粉剂与增效剂八氯二丙醚按比例混合,配以红糖、奶粉等赋形剂制成所需颗粒状毒饵。进行适口性及动物毒性试验,并与不加增效剂的毒饵进行实验室和现场的杀灭蜚蠊效果对比观察。结果：适口性试验结果表明,蜚蠊对高效氯氰菊酯毒饵24h消耗量为98mg,对混合饲料24h消耗量为8mng。动物毒性试验结果表明,该毒饵对小白鼠的LD50＞10000mg／kg。实验和现场杀灭蜚蠊结果表明,该毒饵具有击倒虫体迅速和高效、低毒的效果。投放毒饵3个月后,虫体仍保持低密度。结论：此毒饵具有高效、速杀和滞留杀灭蜚蠊的效果,完全符合实际应用要求。     

特发性黄斑裂孔的光学相干断层扫描图像特征

目的 观察特发性黄斑裂孔的光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)图像的形态特征。 方法 对65例直接检眼镜或三面镜检查诊断为特发性黄斑裂孔的患者的70只患眼进行OCT、眼底彩色照相和/或荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)检查,结合临床特征对OCT图像进行分析。 结果 70只眼中,1,2,3,4期黄斑裂孔分别为11,12,36,11只眼。OCT图像特征1期者表现为黄斑中心凹变浅或消失,神经上皮层浅脱离,中心凹平均厚度为(324.55±139.92)μm;2期者为视网膜表层部分缺失伴小的视网膜组织全层缺损,裂孔的表面有一个可贴附的盖,裂孔平均孔径为(241.75±107.08)μm;3期者为神经上皮层全层缺损,游离盖或无盖,裂孔周围可伴有不同程度囊样水肿,裂孔孔径为(699.78±160.99)μm;4期者图像特征与3期相似,但伴黄斑区和视盘玻璃体后脱离,裂孔孔径(631.36±243.46)μm。 结论 OCT能直观、清晰地显示特发性黄斑裂孔的横截面形态特征,同时能精确地测量裂孔的大小。 (中华眼底病杂志, 1999, 15: 205-208)     

白内障超声乳化,玻璃体切除及人工晶体植入联合手术的疗效

目的：探讨白内障超乳化摘除,睫状体平坦部下班体切割及人工晶体囊袋内植入联合手术的疗效及安全性。方法：对玻璃体视网膜病普合并白内障１８例（１８眼）施行该联合手术。其中糖尿病性视网膜病变,玻璃体出血伴白内障１０例;视网膜分枝静脉阻塞,玻璃体出血伴白内障４例;视网膜静脉周围炎,玻璃体出血伴白内障３例及特发性视网膜１例,术后随访２～１３个月（平均９月）。结果：术后视力均有不同程度提高。１２眼（６７％）术后     

Electron microscopy observation on pre- and post-treatment skin of dorsum pedis of chyluric patient treated with heat-clearing and hemostatic drugs--the lymphangial wall damage being the pathogenesis of chyluria]

Heat-clearing and hemostatic drugs were effective in treating chyluria. In order to explore the curative mechanism, a group of 10 in-patients with chyluria were chosen and treated with heat-clearing and hemostatic drugs for 45 days. Some pre- and post-treatment skin from dorsum pedis of the patients were taken off and observed under electron microscope. It showed that the walls of lymphatic capillaries were seriously damaged before treatment and rehabilitated wall after treatment. The pinocytotic vesicles were packed tightly in the endothelial cells of capillaries before treatment and their number was decreased remarkably after treatment; the mast cells were rare in number and abnormal as spindle shape before treatment and they increased in number and became round or oval in shape, the nucleus became large, the granules they contained became more in number and larger in size after treatment, lymph edema was noticed before treatment and it disappeared after treatment. The result showed that the extensive lesion of lymphangial walls is the pathogenesis of chyluria, while the rehabilitation of them is the curative mechanism. It seems that in the process of rehabilitation the mast cells act took the role of "soldier-engineer".     

姬松茸中挥发性风味物质的GC-MS分析

利用顶空GC-MS技术对姬松茸新鲜子实体和固体发酵的菌丝体挥发性风味物质进行了分析。在子实体中检测出7种主要的挥发性风味物质，其中以苯甲醛和苯甲醇为主，相对含量分别达到43．20％和28．98％；在菌丝体中检测出16种主要的挥发性风味物质，其中苯甲醛相对含量最高，达38．50％。苯甲醛和苯甲醇是姬松茸中的主要风味物质。     

针刺老年大鼠"足三里"、"关元"穴对脑NOGSH-PX、LIP含量影响的实验研究

目的：观察针刺在抗衰老过程中的作用机制。方法：针刺老年大鼠的“足三里”、“关元”穴[1]，观测对脑组织中一氧化氮(NO)、谷光甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、脂褐质(LIP)含量变化的影响。结果：针刺能调节脑组织中NO的含量。使GSH-PX的含量增高，并降低脑组织中LIP的含量。结论：针刺能起到抗氧化作用，达到抗衰老的目的。     

α_1受体对不同状态心肌细胞的作用

目的　通过激活和阻断不同状态心肌的α1 受体 ,探讨α1 受体的活化状态与不同状态心肌的关系。方法　采用Langedorff灌流技术复制动物模型。第 1个实验检验不同浓度的α1 受体激动剂 phenylephrine和阻断剂 prazosin(0 0 1、0 1、1、1 0、1 0 0 μmol·L- 1 )在缺血前 1 0min、缺血期和再灌注时的效应。第 2个实验研究 phenylephrine和 prazosin的时间依赖性。每组实验的末期 ,测量磷酸肌酸激酶、细胞凋亡和坏死情况。结果　 0 1、1 μmol·L- 1 的 phenylephrine可发挥最大效益 ,但prazosin浓度超过 1 0 μmol·L- 1 可产生有害作用。缺血前激活、缺血期间阻断α1 受体可保护心肌。再灌注时激活α1 受体效应不明确 ,但阻断α1 受体有害。结论　激动或阻断α1 受体所产生的效应与心肌的状态有关     

贝凡洛尔和美托洛尔对高血压病患者血脂代谢的影响

目的 :观察贝凡洛尔和美托洛尔对原发性高血压病患者血脂的影响。方法 :1 36例原发性高血压患者经 1周药物洗脱期 ,2周安慰剂后 ,随机服用贝凡洛尔 1 0 0mg·d- 1 ,bid(治疗组 ,n =68)或美托洛尔 50mg·d- 1 ,bid(对照组 ,n =68)。 4周末坐位舒张压 (SeDBP)≥ 1 2 .0 0kPa者剂量分别加至贝凡洛尔 2 0 0mg·d- 1 ,bid或美托洛尔75mg·d- 1 ,bid ,继续服用 4周。血压和心率每 2周测定 1次 ,血脂每 4周检查 1次。结果 :二药降低血压和心率的幅度相似 ,均对总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇无显著影响 (P =0 .30 )。但美托洛尔组三酰甘油比用药前明显升高[由 (1 .63± 0 .96)升至 (2 .1 5± 1 .53)mmol·L- 1 ] (P =0 .0 0 5)。用药 8周后与用药前差值的组间比较差异有一定差别 (P =0 .0 5)。贝凡洛尔组对三酰甘油水平无明显影响 [由 (1 .71± 1 .1 4 )升至 (1 .94± 1 .62 )mmol·L- 1 ] (P =0 .2 5)。结论 :新型 β 受体阻断剂贝凡洛尔与传统 β 受体阻断剂美托洛尔降压幅度相同时 ,贝凡洛尔对三酰甘油影响较小。