尿道下裂分型及与外生殖系统畸形的关系

目的 探讨尿道下裂分型及与合并外生殖系统畸形的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2009年10月收治的632例尿道下裂患者资料,分别统计各型尿道下裂的比例及合并外生殖系统畸形的比例,采用精确概率法及Spearman秩相关分析进行统计学处理.结果 632例尿道下裂患者中,轻度尿道下裂80例(12.6%),中度144例(22.8%),重度273例(43.2%),特重度135例(21.4%).发生阴茎阴囊转位、隐睾、鞘膜积液、隐匿型阴茎、假阴道等外生殖系统畸形共184例次,合并畸形157例,占24.8%.尿道下裂分型与总体畸形、阴茎阴囊转位、隐睾的发生具有统计学意义,并呈正相关;而尿道下裂分型与鞘膜积液的发生无统计学意义.结论 尿道下裂患者以中度以上者占多数,以合并阴茎阴囊转位者最常见,其次为隐睾、鞘膜积液;尿道下裂越严重,合并外生殖系统畸形的概率及发生阴茎阴囊转位、隐睾的概率越高.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the correlation of the type of hypospadias and external genital system malformations. Methods From Jan 2000 to Oct 2009, the data of 632 patients diagnosed with hypospadias was analyzed retrospectively. The proportion of all types of hypospadias and the frequency of external genital system malformations were statistically analyzed. Results Among all cases, 12.6% exhibited mild hypospadias, 22. 8% moderate, 43. 2% severe and 21.4% had extremely severe hypospadias. One hundred and eighty-four cases with external genital system malformations were classified into penoscrotal transposition, cryptorchidism, hydrocele of tunica vaginalis,concealed penis and pseudovagina. The probability was about 24.8% (157 cases) of 632 patients with hypospadias. There was significant difference and a positive correlation among the type of hypospadias with total malformations, penoscrotal transposition, cryptorchidism. Conclusions In this patient cohort, moderate and severe hypospadias accounted for the majority of hypospadias. Penoscrotal transposition was the most frequent external genital system malformation in hypospadias, followed by cryptorchidism and hydrocele of tunics vaginalis. More severe hypospadias is accompanied with a higher probability of the external genital system malformations, penoscrotal transposition and cryptorchidism.     

IL-37b gene transfer enhances the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchumal stromal cells in DSS-induced colitis mice

Aim:

To investigate whether the transfer of the IL-37b gene, a newly identified inhibitor of both innate and adaptive immunity, could improve the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchumal stromal cells (MSCs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods:

The expression of IL-37 in biopsied specimens of the patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) was detected using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Mice were treated with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 8 days to induce colitis. Before DSS treatment, the mice were injected with MSCs, MSC-eGFP or MSC-IL37b. Their body weight was measured each day, and the colons and spleens were harvested on d 10 for pathological and biochemical analyses.

Results:

In biopsied specimens of the patients with active UC, the expression of IL-37 was dramatically elevated in inflamed mucosa, mainly in epithelial cells and infiltrating immune cells. Compared to MSC-eGFP or MSCs, MSC-IL37b administration significantly attenuated the body weight and colon length reduction, and decreased the histological score in DSS-induced colitis mice. Furthermore, MSC-IL37b administration increased the percentage of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) among total splenic mononuclear cells as well as the percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) among splenic CD4+ T cells in the mice. Moreover, MSC-IL37b administration increased the IL-2+ cells and decreased the IFN-γ+ cells among splenic CD4+ T cells.

Conclusion:

IL-37 is involved in the pathophysiology of UC. IL-37b gene transfer enhances the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in DSS-induced colitis mice by inducing Tregs and MDSCs and regulating cytokine production.     

氢化物原子荧光光度法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中总砷的不确定度评定

<正>原子荧光法测定微量砷具有灵敏度高,简便易行,重现性好的特点,已成为砷含量分析的首选方法。CNAS-CL07明确指出,当不确定度与检测结果的有效性或应用有关或用户有要求时,或当不确定度影响到对规范限度的符合性时,当测定方法中有规定时和CNAS有要求时,检测报告必须提供测量结果的不确定度。本文根据国家质量监督检验检     

Neuroprotective effect of interleukin-6 regulation of voltage-gated Na~+ channels of cortical neurons is time-and dose-dependent

Interleukin-6 has been shown to be involved in nerve injury and nerve regeneration, but the effects of long-term administration of high concentrations of interleukin-6 on neurons in the central nervous system is poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of 24 hour exposure of interleukin-6 on cortical neurons at various concentrations(0.1, 1, 5 and 10 ng/m L) and the effects of 10 ng/m L interleukin-6 exposure to cortical neurons for various durations(2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours) by studying voltage-gated Na+ channels using a patch-clamp technique. Voltage-clamp recording results demonstrated that interleukin-6 suppressed Na+ currents through its receptor in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but did not alter voltage-dependent activation and inactivation. Current-clamp recording results were consistent with voltage-clamp recording results. Interleukin-6 reduced the action potential amplitude of cortical neurons, but did not change the action potential threshold. The regulation of voltage-gated Na+ channels in rat cortical neurons by interleukin-6 is time- and dose-dependent.     

不同基牙设计对CAD/CAM全瓷修复体抗折强度的影响

目的 研究不同CAD/CAM全瓷修复体修复根充后前磨牙的抗折强度。方法 收集21颗因正畸拔除的上颌第一前磨牙,制备近面及舌尖缺损洞型。样品分为3组,第1组为直接树脂充填组;第2组为保留缺损组;第3组为纤维桩核组,然后利用IPS e.max CAD全瓷修复体进行修复,采用Rely X U200树脂黏结剂进行黏固。对所有样品进行抗折强度测试,采用光学显微镜观察样品的断裂类型。采用SPSS 15.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 纤维桩核组全瓷修复体的抗折强度显著大于树脂充填组和保留缺损组。第1组和第2组以修复体破裂为主,第3组除修复体破裂外,还发生牙体组织破裂。结论 对于伴有功能牙尖缺损的前磨牙,建议采用纤维桩核+全瓷冠进行修复。     

改良B-T分流手术治疗106例紫绀型先天性心脏病效果及随访

目的 评估改良B-T分流手术的手术方法、围术期处理及其在紫绀型先天性心脏病治疗中的重要性.方法 2000年10月至2012年8月,106例紫绀型先天性心脏病患儿接受改良B-T分流手术.男64例,女42例;年龄生后1天～37.2个月,平均(3.8±1.1)个月;体质量2.3 ～ 12.0 kg,平均(5.0±2.1) kg.室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁25例,室间隔缺损型肺动脉闭锁45例,三尖瓣闭锁11例,重度法洛四联症(TOF)7例,单心室18例.术前患儿均严重发绀,78例应用前列腺素E1维持动脉导管开放;经皮血氧饱和度0.69±0.23.应用不同口径的PTFE人工血管,3mm8例,3.5mm 11例,4mm65例,5 mm26例.结果 患儿术后住院1 ～18天;住监护室1～12天;机械通气4h ～7天.术后住院期间死亡3例(2.6％),人工血管急性栓塞、严重低氧和循环衰竭各1例.术后患儿经皮血氧饱和度上升到0.79±0.12.4例出现人工血管栓塞再次行对侧改良B-T分流手术.94例随访患儿中,血氧饱和度0.63～0.92,平均(0.81±0.10);2例远期(术后17和25个月)死亡.截至现在,86例次患儿行进一步手术治疗,其中TOF根治手术6例,Rastelli手术31例,Glenn手术25例,Fontan手术18例.结论 改良B-T分流手术可提高紫绀型先天性心脏病患儿的经皮血氧饱和度,明确增加肺血流,提高血氧含量,挽救患儿生命,为进一步手术争取机会并创造更好的条件.     

双扩张器重叠埋置与单扩张器埋置术皮肤扩张率与即刻回缩率的比较研究

目的 对比研究单腔双扩张器重叠埋置与单个扩张器埋置术的皮肤扩张率与即刻扩张皮瓣回缩率的差别.方法 2009年3月至2012年3月,对22例共39处需行扩张器埋置术者,于24处单腔重叠埋置2个扩张器,15处单腔埋置1个扩张器.采用“湿布样”法测量扩张皮瓣的面积,同时测量手术时需要分离的皮下囊腔面积大小,即扩张皮肤的面积,并计算单位面积皮肤的扩张率.二期手术前在扩张皮瓣的中央取两定点距离5 cm,取出扩张器后,再次测量这两定点的距离,采集数据并计算扩张皮瓣的即刻回缩率.结果 在扩张周期(P=0.06)无明显差异的情况下,单腔重叠埋置双扩张器组与单腔单扩张器埋置组的皮肤扩张率分别为(3.5±0.9)％和(2.6±0.6)％,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002);二者的扩张皮瓣即刻回缩率分别为(30.3±0.8)％和(32.3±0.9)％,差异无统计学意义(P=0.47).扩张皮瓣即刻回缩率与扩张周期呈现负相关性,相关系数r=-0.768.结论 重叠埋置双扩张器的手术方法增加了单位面积皮肤的扩张率,扩张皮瓣即刻回缩率较传统方法相差无异,所以可供利用的扩张皮肤量绝对数增加了,同时减少大面积缺损时反复扩张的次数,特别适用于乳突区,超过周径一半的四肢缺损以及大面积躯干病变等.     

第一跖趾关节痛风石的手术治疗

目的探讨和总结跖趾关节巨大痛风石的治疗方法、疗效分析。方法对12例第一跖趾关节巨大痛风石患者,在综合治疗基础上,行手术治疗,术后长期监控血尿酸。结果本组12例,全部得到随访,随访时间6～24个月,平均13．4个月。关节切口Ⅰ期愈合,仅1例切口出现延迟愈合,占8．3％。术后跖趾关节外观和关节功能满意。结论积极的手术治疗是治疗第一跖趾关节巨大痛风石的有效方法,能减少痛风急性发作的次数,改善足的外观、保护足的功能。     

低分子肝素钙联合山莨菪碱治疗早发型重度子痫前期的疗效观察

目的探讨低分子肝素钙联合山莨菪碱治疗早发型重度子痫前期的临床疗效。方法选取2011年6月—2017年6月在西北妇女儿童医院治疗的早发型重度子痫前期患者156例为研究对象,随机分为对照组(78例)和治疗组(78例))。对照组患者肌内注射盐酸消旋山莨菪碱注射液,10 mg/次,2次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上腹壁皮下注射低分子肝素钙注射液,2 050 AXa IU/次,2次/d。两组患者连续治疗1周。比较两组的血压、肾功能指标、妊娠结局及妊娠并发症情况。结果治疗后,对照组收缩压和平均动脉压明显下降,治疗组收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压均明显下降,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组患者舒张压和平均动脉压水平明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者24 h尿蛋白、尿酸(UA)、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组患者比对照组降低更明显,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的新生儿体质量、存活数、分娩孕周和延长孕龄天数均明显优于对照组患者,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组和治疗组并发症的发生率分别为15.18%、7.59%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论低分子肝素钙联合山莨菪碱治疗早发型重度子痫前期具有较好的临床疗效,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

结直肠肿瘤患者手术分离易感菌株的药物敏感性分析

目的:对不同手术方式组中分离的易感菌株的药物敏感性进行分析,并根据结果为临床提供选择围术期预防性应用抗菌药物方案,以减少耐药率,降低术后手术部位感染(SSI)的发生率。方法:对我院结直肠外科164例患者分离的易感菌株,用VITEK-32全自动微生物分析系统进行菌种鉴定,按临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)制定的指导原则进行药物敏感性试验及结果判断。通过分析不同手术方式及不同细菌来源的药物敏感性情况,对药物敏感性试验结果进行统计和分析。结果:革兰阴性菌中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)菌株占33.2%(115/346),以产ESBL大肠埃希菌为主,占43.4%(96/221)。在组织黏膜、腹腔液、引流液3组样本分离的大肠埃希菌株药物敏感性试验结果总体显示:对阿米卡星、头孢西丁、碳青霉烯类、含β-内酰胺酶药物敏感率较高,引流液分离菌株敏感率均在80%~100%。结论:样本主要分离以大肠埃希菌为主的革兰阴性菌,大肠埃希菌耐药率在3组样本中逐次增高与产ESBL大肠埃希菌分离率增加有关,产ESBL大肠埃希菌对第1—4代头孢菌素如头孢吡肟耐药率高,对阿米卡星、头孢西丁、含β-内酰胺酶药如哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、亚胺培南等碳青霉素类药敏感率较高。建议临床把现常用的第3代头孢菌素改用能同时覆盖肠杆菌科细菌和厌氧菌的头孢西丁等头霉素类药作为围术期预防用药品种。考虑手术部位存在厌氧菌株,必要时或与甲硝唑联用加强抗厌氧菌感染。