全文获取类型
收费全文 | 236281篇 |
免费 | 7559篇 |
国内免费 | 4827篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1608篇 |
儿科学 | 7197篇 |
妇产科学 | 3578篇 |
基础医学 | 23617篇 |
口腔科学 | 2738篇 |
临床医学 | 20691篇 |
内科学 | 40278篇 |
皮肤病学 | 1261篇 |
神经病学 | 19780篇 |
特种医学 | 11120篇 |
外国民族医学 | 52篇 |
外科学 | 34963篇 |
综合类 | 13304篇 |
现状与发展 | 19篇 |
一般理论 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 22344篇 |
眼科学 | 4587篇 |
药学 | 16178篇 |
39篇 | |
中国医学 | 4021篇 |
肿瘤学 | 21287篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 266篇 |
2023年 | 1171篇 |
2022年 | 2730篇 |
2021年 | 3424篇 |
2020年 | 2605篇 |
2019年 | 2250篇 |
2018年 | 23951篇 |
2017年 | 19290篇 |
2016年 | 21313篇 |
2015年 | 3852篇 |
2014年 | 4462篇 |
2013年 | 3870篇 |
2012年 | 11711篇 |
2011年 | 26041篇 |
2010年 | 21747篇 |
2009年 | 13823篇 |
2008年 | 22658篇 |
2007年 | 24731篇 |
2006年 | 3608篇 |
2005年 | 5185篇 |
2004年 | 5303篇 |
2003年 | 6207篇 |
2002年 | 4037篇 |
2001年 | 1649篇 |
2000年 | 1826篇 |
1999年 | 1790篇 |
1998年 | 1190篇 |
1997年 | 1162篇 |
1996年 | 783篇 |
1995年 | 741篇 |
1994年 | 738篇 |
1993年 | 450篇 |
1992年 | 599篇 |
1991年 | 509篇 |
1990年 | 509篇 |
1989年 | 399篇 |
1988年 | 367篇 |
1987年 | 293篇 |
1986年 | 238篇 |
1985年 | 209篇 |
1984年 | 116篇 |
1983年 | 80篇 |
1982年 | 69篇 |
1981年 | 41篇 |
1980年 | 58篇 |
1979年 | 44篇 |
1938年 | 61篇 |
1934年 | 34篇 |
1932年 | 57篇 |
1930年 | 47篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
71.
Statutory reimbursement agencies as well as private insurers throughout member states of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) reimburse the cost of medicines on the basis of criteria that include robust clinical evidence, budget impact analysis, and incremental cost effectiveness. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in the US are no exception to this rule and are, in principle, seeking to maximize benefit for their Medicare enrollees, whilst ensuring reasonable drug outlays for the small number of drugs that they reimburse. This paper provides a retrospective analysis of the way two functionally equivalent drugs are treated for reimbursement purposes by the CMS; the period under consideration was 2001–3. The two drugs, epoetin-α and darbepoetin-α, are used for the treatment of anemia in renal failure and in patients receiving chemotherapy. By reviewing the publicly available pharmacological and clinical data of epoetin-α and darbepoetin-α, the paper confirms the two drugs’ functional equivalence, despite their structural differences. The implications of dose conversion ratios and costs to Medicare are subsequently explored. It is argued that the issue of dose equivalence between epoetin-α and darbepoetin-α has significant implications for patients, practitioners, and payors. A payor’s perspective is adopted in this respect, whereby clinical evidence and pricing data are used simultaneously. Based on the clinical evidence, a dose conversion ratio for epoetin-α:darbepoetin-α is established, which achieves a comparable clinical effect for the two drugs and this is set to be <254IU:1μg. The incremental costs to Medicare are calculated subsequently. The Average Wholesale Price and the Outpatient Prospective Payment System rule that Medicare uses to reimburse providers are used and suggest that treatment of cancer patients with chemotherapy-related anemia with epoetin-α would save Medicare an estimated $US600 million each year. Patients would also benefit significantly in terms of lower co-payments for epoetin-α. The evidence is supportive of the decision made by the CMS to reimburse the two drugs at the rate reflecting the achievement of comparable clinical effects and therefore reducing the pass-through payments for darbepoetin-α to zero for the 2002–3 fiscal year. 相似文献
72.
73.
Single or combined monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) Zh53, Zh820, and Zh2-1 have been used to eliminate malignant clonogenic cells from human bone marrow. The test of cytotoxicity showed that all of these McAbs could express high specific cytotoxic action against HL-60 cells and were selectively complement-dependent cytotoxic to various types of fresh leukemic cells. Clonogenic assay detected that single treatment with antibody and rabbit complement (RC) could reduce clonogenic units of HL-60 cells by more than 2 logs and two treatments reduced clonogenic units by more than 4 logs. However, combination of 2 McAbs could reduce clonogenic units by 4-5 logs. The data suggest that multiple treatments with McAbs and RC or a combination of 2 McAbs are more effective than a single treatment in eliminating clonogenic tumor cells. Treatment of normal human bone marrow with Zh53, Zh2-1 and RC did not produce a loss of normal CFU-GM, but treatment with Zh820 reduced the clonic units of normal CFU-GM by 24%.
相似文献
74.
The toxic effects of nitroquine-dapsone compound(NQD)in mice and dogs were studied.The therapeutic index of NQDin mice is 1911,the greatest among the 6 antimalarials tested.Thetoxic effects of NQD(50 mg/kg/day for 3 days per os)and nitro-quine in dogs were manifested by injuries on the adrenal cortexand intestinal epithelium.When folic acid(4 mg/kg/day for 4 days)or calcium leucovorinum(0.3 mg/kg/day for 4 days)were usedconcomitantly with NQD,the death rate and the incidence of dia-rrhea in the toxicated dogs were greatly reduced,the injury on theintestinal epithelium was much milder,and the goblet cells weremuch more numerous than those without treatment.The results suggestthat folic acid and calcium leucovorinum can protect the undifferen-tiated cells in the intestinal crypts from being injured by NQD. 相似文献
75.
76.
Zhang Gu-sheng章谷生 Hu Fang-yuan胡方远 Ye Qing-zhen叶庆祯 Yan Yong-tang严咏棠Immunology Laboratory Shanghai Institute of Biologicat Products Shanghai 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》1986,99(4):343-346
Neurotropin (NSP) is an extract isolated from
the skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus.
The present study examines the possible action of
NSP on the number and function of immunocompe
tent cells in mice. The experiment showed that NSP
had no effect on both T and B lymphocytes of nor-
malimmunized mouse spleen. The degree of plaque
forming cell reaction and titre of specific antibody
showed no significant differences when the NSP
treated group and controls were compared. How-
ever, NSP exhibited promotive effect on specific
antigen binding cells in the early stage of immune
responses. It was also noted that the rosette forming
capacity of human T lymphocytes in vitro was restor-
ed markedly by NSP. These results suggest that
NSP possesses certain immunostimulating activity,
particularly on the specific antigen binding cells and
human T lymphocytes. 相似文献
77.
78.
79.
Chad G. Ball Andrew W. Kirkpatrick Matthew Smith Robert H. Mulloy Leonard Tse Ian B. Anderson 《European journal of trauma and emergency surgery》2007,33(5):550-552
Abstract We report a case of SMV injury in a critically ill patient. The patient was a 19-year-old woman involved in a motor vehicle
collision. Her injuries included grade II splenic and renal lacerations, devascularized and lacerated right and transverse
colon, a transected transverse mesocolon, a massive shear injury of her abdominal wall, and two partial SMV transections.
At initial damage control laparotomy, the SMV was ligated, the devascularized bowel resected and a temporary abdominal closure
applied. At re-operation, a mesocaval shunt using saphenous vein was employed. The shunt failed and the patient required a
saphenous vein jump graft. Although visceral vascular injuries are rare, ligation of the SMV in a damage control situation
is acceptable. This case study is the first to discuss appropriate treatment when interruption to a patient's collateral visceral
venous drainage limits the surgeon’s ability to ligate. In these situations, bypass shunts may be successful. 相似文献
80.
Henry Cisneros 《AIDS and behavior》2007,11(2):7-8
For persons battling HIV/AIDS a stable place to live may decide the length and quality of life itself. It is nearly impossible for a person on the streets to engage in a needed continuous AIDS treatment regimen when the very basic question of where that person will rest his or her head when darkness comes in just a few hours is unresolved. When danger lurks on the streets, when cold numbs the limbs, when tiredness overwhelms the mind, when fear breaks the spirit, a place to call home would make all the difference. 相似文献