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Dana Franzen-Klein Mark Jankowski Charlotte L. Roy Hoa Nguyen-Phuc Da Chen Lorin Neuman-Lee 《Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A》2020,83(2):45-65
ABSTRACTDomestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were exposed to imidacloprid by gavage once daily for 7 consecutive days at 0, 0.03, 0.34, 3.42, 10.25, and 15.5 mg/kg/day (n = 20 per group; 5 6-week-old males, 5 6-week-old females, 5 9-week-old males, and 5 9-week-old females). The severity and duration of neurobehavioral abnormalities were recorded. Components of the innate and adaptive immune system were assessed with 7 standard functional assays. Temporary neurobehavioral abnormalities were observed in a dose-dependent manner, including muscle tremors, ataxia, and depressed mentation. Based upon mean clinical severity scores, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 3.42 mg/kg/day, and the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) was 10.25 mg/kg/day. The effective dose value for the presence of any neurobehavioral abnormalities in 50% of the test group (ED50) was 4.62 ± 0.98 mg/kg/day. The ED50 for an adjusted score that included both severity and duration of neurobehavioral abnormalities was 11.24 ± 9.33 mg/kg/day. These ED50 values are equivalent to a 1 kg bird ingesting 29 or 70 imidacloprid treated soybean seeds respectively. Immunotoxicity was not documented, possible causes include the assays were insensitive, relevant immune functions were not examined, or imidacloprid is not immunotoxic at this dosing schedule in this species. Neurobehavioral abnormalities were a more sensitive indicator of the sublethal effects of imidacloprid than immunotoxicity. 相似文献
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Paul J. Devlin Brian W. McCrindle James K. Kirklin Eugene H. Blackstone William M. DeCampli Christopher A. Caldarone Ali Dodge-Khatami Pirooz Eghtesady James M. Meza Peter J. Gruber Kristine J. Guleserian Bahaaladin Alsoufi Linda M. Lambert James E. OBrien Erle H. Austin Jeffrey P. Jacobs Tara Karamlou 《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2019,157(2):684-695.e8
Objective
Arch obstruction after the Norwood procedure is common and contributes to mortality. We determined the prevalence, associated factors, and practice variability of arch reintervention and assessed whether arch reintervention is associated with mortality.Methods
From 2005 to 2017, 593 neonates in the Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society Critical Left Heart Obstruction cohort underwent a Norwood procedure. Median follow-up was 3.7 years. Multivariable parametric models, including a modulated renewal analysis, were performed.Results
Of the 593 neonates, 146 (25%) underwent 218 reinterventions for arch obstruction after the Norwood procedure: catheter-based (n = 168) or surgical (n = 50) at a median age of 4.3 months (quartile 1-quartile 3, 2.6-5.7). Interdigitation of the distal aortic anastomosis was protective against arch reintervention. Development of ≥ moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation and right ventricular dysfunction at any point was associated with arch reintervention. Nonsignificant variables for arch reintervention included shunt type and preoperative aortic measurements. Surgical arch reintervention was protective against arch reintervention, but transcatheter reintervention was associated with increased reintervention. Arch reintervention was not associated with increased mortality. There was wide institutional variation in incidence of arch reintervention (range, 0-40 reinterventions per 100 years patient follow-up) and in preintervention gradient (range, 0-64 mm Hg).Conclusions
Interdigitation of the distal aortic anastomosis during the Norwood procedure decreased the risk of arch reintervention. Surgical arch reintervention is more definitive than transcatheter. Arch reintervention after the Norwood procedure is not associated with increased mortality. Serial surveillance for arch obstruction, integrated with changes in right ventricular function and tricuspid valve regurgitation, is recommended after the Norwood procedure to improve outcomes. 相似文献47.
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