不同促渗剂对硫酸沙丁胺醇颊粘膜吸收的影响

目的：筛选硫酸沙丁胺醇经颊粘膜吸收促渗剂。方法；采用单室扩散池研究硫酸沙丁胺醇通过金黄地鼠颊粘膜的药物渗透，考察不同促渗剂对药物经颊粘膜吸收的影响。结果；在１０ｈ内，２０ｍｇ／ｍｌ的药物生理盐水溶液渗透速率为３９．１５μｇ（ｃｍ＾２．ｈ）。当分别以相同药物浓度的饱和β－环糊精生理盐水，３％Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０与５％Ａｏｎｅ生理盐水，５％聚氧乙烯壬苯工醚生理盐水为溶媒，其渗透速率分别为７５．４６，１５２．     

维生素C包衣片的制备及稳定性试验

采用羟丙基甲基纤维素（ＨＰＭＣ）和聚丙烯酸树脂将维生素Ｃ的制成薄膜衣片。高温、高湿度及加速试验研究表明，维生素Ｃ薄膜衣片具有抗热、抗变色性能，可隔离外界空气和处缓药物氧化，从而增加了稳定性     

Optimal vascular access strategies for patients receiving chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer: a systematic review

Purpose

Prospective information regarding the tolerability and efficacy of endocrine therapy (ET) alone and in combination with targeted agents in older patients in the metastatic setting is limited. This review summarizes available trial data in this population.

Methods

We searched PubMed for Phase 2 or 3 trials with age-stratified patient cohorts (≥ 65 vs. < 65 years in most studies) with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2?) advanced breast cancer treated with ET ± targeted agents.

Results

We identified 19 studies reporting 10 clinical trials. Efficacy was similar in age-stratified subsets. There was a reduced disease progression risk for ET + everolimus, palbociclib, or ribociclib versus ET alone. In the first-line setting, median progression-free survival (mPFS) in older patients was 8.5, 26.2 months, and not reached with letrozole + temsirolimus, palbociclib, and ribociclib, respectively, and in younger patients was 9.0, 18.8 months, and not reached, respectively. In the second-line setting, older patients had mPFS of 6.8 and 9.9 months with everolimus + exemestane and palbociclib + fulvestrant, respectively, and younger patients had mPFS of 8.1 and 9.5 months, respectively. Tolerability was worse for combination therapy versus monotherapy. No age-related differences in discontinuations were observed for CDK4/6 inhibitors, although a higher rate of treatment discontinuation was observed for patients ≥ 70 years receiving everolimus + exemestane. Adverse event rates were similar in age-stratified subsets.

Conclusions

ET + CDK4/6 or mTOR inhibitors are likely safe and effective in older patients with HR+, HER2? advanced breast cancer.

     

A descriptive analysis of a representative sample of pediatric randomized controlled trials published in 2007

Background  

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for trials assessing the effects of therapeutic interventions; therefore it is important to understand how they are conducted. Our objectives were to provide an overview of a representative sample of pediatric RCTs published in 2007 and assess the validity of their results.     

In vitro behavior of MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblast with different annealing temperature titania nanotubes

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 624–630 Objective: Titanium oxide nanotube layers by anodization have excellent potential for dental implants because of good bone cell promotion. It is necessary to evaluate osteoblast behavior on different annealing temperature titania nanotubes for actual implant designs. Materials and methods: Scanning Electron Microscopy, X‐Ray polycrystalline Diffractometer (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron Spectroscope, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the different annealing temperature titania nanotubes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy, MTT, and Alizarin Red‐S staining were used to evaluate the MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblast behavior on different annealing temperature nanotubes. Results: The tubular morphology was constant when annealed at 450°C and 550°C, but collapsed when annealed at 650°C. XRD exhibited the crystal form of nanotubes after formation (amorphous), after annealing at 450°C (anatase), and after annealing at 550°C (anatase/rutile). Annealing led to the complete loss of fluorine on nanotubes at 550°C. Average surface roughness of different annealing temperature nanotubes showed no difference by AFM analysis. The proliferation and mineralization of preostoblasts cultured on anatase or anatase/rutile nanotube layers were shown to be significantly higher than smooth, amorphous nanotube layers. Conclusion: Annealing can change the crystal form and composition of nanotubes. The nanotubes after annealing can promote osteoblast proliferation and mineralization in vitro     

Parenteral ω‐3 Fatty Acid Lipid Emulsions for Children With Intestinal Failure and Other Conditions

Background: There is growing interest in the use of ω‐3 fatty acid (n‐3FA) lipid emulsions to prevent complications associated with parenteral nutrition. The authors systematically reviewed the evidence on the benefits and safety of n‐3FA compared with standard lipid emulsions in children with intestinal disease, critical illness, trauma, or postoperative complications. Materials and Methods: The authors searched 4 bibliographic databases from their inception to March 2011, conference proceedings, trial registries, and reference lists. Two reviewers independently selected studies, assessed methodological quality, and rated the strength of the evidence. One reviewer extracted and a second reviewer verified data. The authors summarized findings qualitatively and conducted meta‐analysis when appropriate. Results: Five randomized controlled trials with unclear risk of bias and 3 high‐quality prospective cohort studies were included. The studies examined premature, low birth weight infants (n = 6) and children with heart disease (n = 1) or intestinal failure (n = 1). The strength of evidence was consistently low or very low across all lipid emulsion comparisons and outcomes. In young children, n‐3FA emulsions resulted in improvement in some biochemical outcomes of intestinal failure–associated liver disease but no difference in mortality. Few studies examined patient‐important outcomes, such as length of hospital and intensive care stay; need for transplantation, growth, and cognitive development; or the long‐term effects and potential harms associated with these therapies. Conclusions: Currently, there is a lack of sufficient high‐quality data to support the use of parenteral n‐3FA lipid emulsions in children. Future trials examining long‐term clinical outcomes and harms are needed.