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排序方式: 共有214条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
KH Neppelenbroek RS Seó VM Urban S Silva LN Dovigo JH Jorge NH Campanha 《Oral diseases》2014,20(4):329-344
In healthy individuals, Candida species are considered commensal yeasts of the oral cavity. However, these microorganisms can also act as opportunist pathogens, particularly the so‐called non‐albicans Candida species that are increasingly recognized as important agents of human infection. Several surveys have documented increased rates of C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei in local and systemic fungal infections. Some of these species are resistant to antifungal agents. Consequently, rapid and correct identification of species can play an important role in the management of candidiasis. Conventional methods for identification of Candida species are based on morphological and physiological attributes. However, accurate identification of all isolates from clinical samples is often complex and time‐consuming. Hence, several manual and automated rapid commercial systems for identifying these organisms have been developed, some of which may have significant sensitivity issues. To overcome these limitations, newer molecular typing techniques have been developed that allow accurate and rapid identification of Candida species. This study reviewed the current state of identification methods for yeasts, particularly Candida species. 相似文献
12.
Resistance of Copenhagen rats to chemical induction of glutathione S- transferase 7-7-positive liver foci 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Copenhagen (Cop) rats are completely resistant to the chemical induction of
mammary adenocarcinomas, but their susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis
is virtually unknown. Rat liver is a well- characterized and easily
manipulated tissue in which to study carcinogenesis. Therefore, if Cop rats
are resistant to hepatocarcinogenesis, studies into resistance mechanisms
may be feasible. Male Cop and F344 rats, 7-8 weeks old, were initiated
using either N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) (200 mg/kg, i.p.) or a two-thirds
partial hepatectomy (PH) followed by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) (60
mg/kg, i.p.). The rats were then promoted using a modified resistant
hepatocyte (RH) protocol (a combination of four doses of 2-
acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and a single dose of CCl4 that provides a
selective mitotic stimulus for initiated cells). Six weeks after initiation
the rats were killed and liver sections were stained for glutathione
S-transferase 7-7 (GST 7-7), a marker for putative preneoplastic
hepatocytes. Cop rats were found to be highly resistant, having a
approximately 9- and approximately 27-fold smaller percentage of liver area
occupied by GST 7-7-positive foci than susceptible F344 rats following
initiation by DEN and MNU respectively. Furthermore, gross liver nodules
did not form in any of the Cop rats, whereas all F344 rat livers contained
nodules. Hepatic necrosis caused by DEN during initiation, and CCl4 during
promotion is necessary to stimulate compensatory hepatocyte division. We
demonstrated that these agents do indeed increase serum transaminase levels
and produce histologic evidence of necrosis in Cop rats. In order for liver
foci to grow rapidly in the RH protocol, the surrounding normal hepatocytes
must be mito-inhibited by 2-AAF. We found that the degree of
mito-inhibition of normal hepatocytes by 2-AAF is the same in Cop and F344
rats. These results show that the Cop rat is highly resistant to the
chemical induction of putative preneoplastic liver foci and nodules.
相似文献
13.
A George VM Srivastava GD Sundararaj 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》1997,41(2):199-200
A young man presented with desmoplastic fibroma in the proximal ulna. This rare tumour was treated by curettage and bone grafting. 相似文献
14.
Computed tomographic appearance of the bulging annulus 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
15.
Differential CT diagnosis of extruded nucleus pulposus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
16.
17.
Pineal germinoma: MR imaging 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of pineal germinomas are described in seven patients imaged with MR and computed tomography (CT). In patients with symptoms of an enlarging process in the quadrigeminal plate cistern, MR imaging was as sensitive as CT scanning in detecting the mass. MR imaging did not detect a normal-sized, calcified neoplastic gland. Germinoma, germinoma with embryonal cell carcinoma elements, and pineoblastoma demonstrated different MR signal characteristics. Although direct coronal and sagittal MR images were useful in defining the relationship of the tumor to the posterior third ventricle, Sylvian aqueduct, and vein of Galen, the ease, rapidity, and sensitivity of CT scanning suggest that CT should remain the modality of choice for initial evaluation and screening of the pineal region, especially in the younger pediatric population, in whom detection of calcification may provide the only clue of an abnormality. 相似文献
18.
Objective. This study documents and traces the evolution of triple rhythm (Waltz) linking the great veins, corresponding systemic or
pulmonary venous sinuses and pectinated right or left atrium in frog, turtle, snake and human hearts. Alternating rhythm (duet)
between systemic and pulmonary veins has also been documented in these hearts.
Material Studied. The hearts of six dead hammer-head sharks were examined with the naked eye. Air-breathing, fresh-water fish (three Channa
striata and three Indian catfish) were anaesthetised with ketamine and their pharynx insufflated with oxygen. Six frogs, three
turtles, and two snakes were anaesthetised, intubated and ventilated. Contractions of the exposed hearts of these animals
were correlated with their electrocardiograms using superimposed videos. The human heart was observed carefully during surgery
through median sternotomy or anterolateral thoracotomy by visual inspection especially during instillation of or recovery
from cardioplegia. Digital videos were taken and studied in slow motion replay later.
Observations. In the air-breathing fish, Channa striata and Indian catfish and presumably the shark, the cardinal veins and thin walled
sinus venosus do not contract. In the frog, turtle, and snake there is sequential contraction of the systemic veins, systemic
venous sinus and pectinated right atrium. Likewise, there is waltz on the arterial side. There is a duet between systemic
and pulmonary veins, contractions of the former preceding the latter in the frog, turtle and snake. The observations are similar
in the human heart except that the inferior vena cava does not contract.
Conclusions. There is sequential contraction of the superior vena cava, the systemic venous sinus and the pectinated part of the right
atrium in the human heart. Likewise, there is a waltz linking the terminal pulmonary veins, pulmonary venous sinus and pectinated
part of the left atrium in the human heart. This waltz or triple rhythm, as well as a duet between the systemic and pulmonary
veins are seen in frog, turtle and snake. The duet is also observable in the human heart, during recovery from cardioplegia.
It is likely that the waltz and duet are conducted by a neurogenic mechanism.
Clinical Implications. The understanding, preservation and restoration of the mechanism sustaining supraventricular waltz and duet is relevant
to surgical and interventional procedures for control of atrial arrhythmia, Fontan circulation, technique for cardiac transplantation
and planning atriotomies. 相似文献
19.
Daniels DL; Czervionke LF; Millen SJ; Haberkamp TJ; Meyer GA; Hendrix LE; Mark LP; Williams AL; Haughton VM 《Radiology》1989,171(3):807-809
The authors evaluated magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained with intravenously administered gadolinium in ten patients who had facial paralysis and no facial nerve tumor. In patients with either Bell palsy (four patients) or facial paralysis after temporal bone surgery (six patients), intratemporal facial nerve enhancement was seen. Facial nerve enhancement on MR images proved to be a nonspecific finding. 相似文献
20.
John A. Kessler Aziz Shaibani Christine N. Sang Mark Christiansen David Kudrow Aaron Vinik Nari Shin the VM study group 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2021,14(3):1176
AbstractVM202 is a plasmid DNA encoding two isoforms of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). A previous phase II study in subjects with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) showed significant reductions in pain. A phase III study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of VM202 in DPN. The trial was conducted in two parts, one for 9 months (DPN 3‐1) with 500 subjects (VM202: 336 subjects; and placebo: 164) and a preplanned subset of 101 subjects (VM202: 65 subjects; and placebo: 36) with a noninterventional extension to 12 months (DPN 3‐1b). VM202 or placebo was administered to calf muscles on days 0 and 14, and on days 90 and 104. The primary end point in DPN 3‐1 was change from baseline in the mean 24‐h Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain score. In DPN 3‐1b, the primary end point was safety, whereas the secondary efficacy end point was change in the mean pain score. VM202 was well‐tolerated in both studies without significant adverse events. VM202 failed to meet its efficacy end points in DPN 3‐1. In DPN 3‐1b, however, VM202 showed significant and clinically meaningful pain reduction versus placebo. Pain reduction in DPN 3‐1b was even greater in subjects not receiving gabapentin or pregabalin, confirming an observation noted in the phase II study. In DPN 3‐1b, symptomatic relief was maintained for 8 months after the last injection suggesting that VM202 treatment might change disease progression. Despite the perplexing discrepancy between the two studies, the safety and long‐lasting pain‐relieving effects of VM202 observed in DPN 3‐1b warrant another rigorous phase III study. Study Highlights
- WHAT IS THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON THE TOPIC?
- WHAT QUESTION DID THIS STUDY ADDRESS?
- WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD TO OUR KNOWLEDGE?
- HOW MIGHT THIS CHANGE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OR TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE?