The role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of experimental multiple system organ failure: a preliminary report.

In this study, an animal model of multiple system organ failure (MSOF) in rabbits, engendered by feeding E. coli prior to severe hemorrhagic shock, was used for the purpose of investigating 1) the relationship between lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and MSOF, and 2) the effectiveness of Re-LPS antiserum in preventing MSOF. The results showed that endotoxemia occurred very early, and its degree correlated well with that of organ dysfunction. Re-LPS antiserum administration abated the toxic effects and lowered the incidence of MSOF. These results suggest that sequential analysis of circulating LPS levels may be useful for the early diagnosis of MSOF, and that gut-derived endotoxin might play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental MSOF.     

Diagnostic value of computer analysis of multipeaked EMG spikes.

Computer analysis of absolute number of peaks per second and the number of peaks in the multipeaked spikes/sec was carried out in the EMG interference recordings of 5 healthy, 6 myopathic and 8 neuropathic subjects. The purpose of the study was to detect diagnostically different patterns. A spike was considered multipeaked if it had 6 or more peaks. The amplitude of elimination (baseline) was examined at 1: 5, 1: 10 and 1: 15 of the average amplitude per second. Both the number of peaks and the number of peaks in multipeaked spikes in the neuropathic and myopathic muscles showed statistically significant differences when compared to healthy muscles. This technique could give an indication for the differential diagnosis of myopathic, neuropathic or healthy state of the muscle.     

Highly-effective piezoceramic materials for ultrasonic diagnostic medical equipment.

This paper reviews the major regularities allowing a purposeful search of the materials with the best properties. Discussed are the most important parameters of the materials, type RPC (Rostov piezoceramic) of various purposes. Particular attention is attached to the issues of creation and investigation of the materials intended for ultrasonic diagnostic equipment.     

Reconstruction of maxillary alveolar defects with mandibular symphysis grafts for dental implants: a preliminary procedural report.

Partially edentulous patients with alveolar defects contraindicating implant placement were treated with bone grafts obtained from the mandibular symphysis. Complications encountered were minor and uneventful. Evaluation 4 months after surgery revealed minimal graft resorption, thus implant placement was possible in all potential sites. Advantages of the symphysis graft include easy access, availability of greater quantities of bone over other intraoral donor sites, low morbidity, no hospitalization, minimal discomfort, no alteration in ambulation, and no cutaneous scar. Compared with other bone regenerative methods for implant placement, a superior quality of bone was found and a shorter healing period is required. Results of this preliminary clinical investigation demonstrate that chin grafts offer a viable alternative for reconstruction of alveolar defects prior to dental implant placement.     

自由基损伤和β2糖蛋白1在自身免疫疾病中的作用

目的 研究被自由基氧化修饰的β2糖蛋白1(β2GPl)在自身免疫疾病中自身抗体产生中的作用。方法 采用高氯酸沉淀，两步肝素连接的交联琼脂糖凝胶层析结合葡聚糖凝胶G—100分离纯化大鼠β2GP1；应用自由基氧化修饰大鼠β2GP1；氧化修饰的β2GP1(oxβ2GPl)、β2GPl分别加与不加心磷脂(CL)及CL免疫大鼠，ELISA方法检测免疫大鼠血清中抗β2GP1抗体和抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)。结果 两步亲和层析结合凝胶过滤层析有效地分离纯化了大鼠β2GPl，蛋白纯度达90．78％；通过碳基含量测定证实了自由基对β2GP1的氧化修饰；oxβ2GGP1加CL、β2GP1加CL、oxβ2GPl免疫组与空白对照组、实验对照组比较ACA水平有显著升高(P＜0.001)，oxβ2GP1加CL免疫组与β2GPl加CL免疫组比较ACA水平差异有显著性(P＜0.05)；oxβ2GP1免疫组与oxβ2GPl加CL免疫组比较ACA水平差异不显著(P＞0.05)；oxβ2GPl加CL、oxβ2GPl免疫组与对照组比较，抗oxβ2GP1抗体水平有显著升高(P＜0.05)。结论 两步肝素连接的交联琼脂糖凝胶层析结合葡聚糖凝胶G—100能有效地分离纯化β2GPl；oxβ2GPl诱导了ACA和抗oxβ2GPl抗体的产生；β2GPl可能是自身免疫疾病发生过程重要的辅助因子或靶抗原，而自由基对β2GP1损伤可能是自身免疫疾病发病机制中的一个重要病理过程。     

Injection sites utilized for DPT immunizations in infants.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the site utilized by nurses for administering Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Pertussis (DPT) injections to infants under 7 months of age. Twenty-six of the 28 agencies identified in a metropolitan area as administering DPT injections chose to participate in the study. Those individuals administering DPT injections in the agencies completed a questionnaire with a return rate of 69% (n = 55). Forty-four participants indicated that they used the anterolateral thigh, the recommended site, 100% of the time. The participants in the study administered a total of 1,453 DPT injections per month. Eighty-seven percent of those injections were administered in the anterolateral thigh, 3.6% were given in the deltoid, 5.1% were given in the dorsal gluteal, and 4% were given in the ventrogluteal. The estimated proportion of DPT injections administered at the correct site was 84.65% which is much lower than the critical value 94.06% for alpha = .05 (p less than .00001).     

Enzymes induced by ethanol differently affect the pharmacokinetics of trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

This study was undertaken to clarify the effect of enzymes induced by ethanol consumption on the pharmacokinetics of trichloroethylene (TRI, a highly metabolised substance) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TRI, a poorly metabolised substance). Rats maintained on a control liquid diet or a liquid diet containing ethanol (2 g/day/rat) for not less than three weeks were exposed to either TRI (50, 100, 500, and 1000 ppm) or 1,1,1-TRI (50, 100, and 500 ppm) by inhalation for six hours and the concentration of each compound in the blood and the urinary excretion of metabolites (trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid) were measured over several hours. Ethanol, which increased the in vitro metabolism of both compounds about fivefold, enhanced the in vivo metabolism of TRI only at high levels of exposure (marginally at 500 and considerably at 1000 ppm), whereas the metabolism of 1,1,1-TRI was enhanced at all concentrations tested. Moreover, there was a definite difference in the effect of induction of enzymes between the two solvents: the enhanced metabolism of TRI in vivo was shown by a decrease in the blood concentration of TRI as well as by an increase in the urinary excretion of its metabolites, whereas that of 1,1,1-TRI was shown by an increase in the urinary excretion of its metabolites alone. These results suggest that the induction of enzymes differentially affects the pharmacokinetics of TRI and 1,1,1-TRI in human occupational exposure: TRI metabolism may be increased only at concentrations much higher than the current occupational exposure limit (mostly 50 ppm), whereas 1,1,1-TRI metabolism may be increased at an exposure similar to occupational exposure.     

Lethal midline granuloma (peripheral T-cell lymphoma) after lymphomatoid papulosis.

A Japanese woman with an 8-year history of lymphomatoid papulosis (LP) had lethal midline granuloma (LMG) develop at the age of 51 years. There were histologic similarities between LP and LMG seen in this patient. Surface phenotypic studies on nasal and cutaneous lesions demonstrated a population of T-cells expressing CD2, CD4, CD25, CD30, and histocompatibility antigen-DR (HLA-DR). Genotypic analyses of nasal and skin biopsy specimens disclosed a clonal rearrangement of the beta T-cell receptor gene with the same rearrangement pattern. These data indicate that this patient had LMG characterized by clonal peripheral T-cell lymphoma, which probably resulted from progression of the LP.