永存原始玻璃体增生症与先天性纤维血管瞳孔膜临床特征的比较

目的：分析永存原始玻璃体增生症(PHPV)和先天性纤维血管瞳孔膜(CFPM)的临床特征异同。

方法：回顾性分析2006-03/2021-12在空军军医大学西京医院眼科接受手术治疗的PHPV(PHPV组)和CFPM患儿(CFPM组)的眼部生物测量参数、临床表现、病变的形态学特点。

结果：纳入PHPV患儿56例61眼,CFPM患儿24例25眼; PHPV和CFPM的发病年龄相似、无性别差异,均以单眼患病为主,其占比分别为91%和96%。PHPV合并白内障患眼可有多种并发症和眼发育异常,CFPM主要为不同程度的瞳孔区堵塞及形态异常。PHPV组和CFPM组单眼患病患儿患眼前房深度(ACD)均小于对侧眼,手术年龄≤24月龄患儿患眼眼轴长度(AL)均小于对侧眼(P<0.05); PHPV组单眼患病患儿患眼角膜直径(CD)小于对侧眼、眼压高于对侧眼(均P<0.05); CFPM组单眼患病患儿患眼与对侧眼CD、IOP比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。PHPV组患儿患眼ACD小于CFPM组患眼(P<0.05)。术中发现PHPV纤维血管膜组织位于晶状体后、玻璃体腔内,而CFPM纤维血管膜位于虹膜与晶状体前囊膜之间,很少累及晶状体。

结论：PHPV和CFPM有非常相似的临床特点,提示PHPV和CFPM可能是永存胚胎血管(PFV)的不同表现形式,但PHPV病变范围更广、病情更复杂。     

健择加顺铂联合化疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效观察

目的:观察健择加顺铂治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效和毒副作用。方法:吉西他滨1000 mg/m2d1、d8 生理盐水100 ml静脉点滴30 min完成;DDP 100 mg 生理盐水500 ml静脉滴注,d1,或DDP 30 mg 生理盐水250 ml静脉滴注,d1~d3,方案每3周为一周期。结果:17例患者完全缓解(CR)2例,部分缓解(PR)11例,总有效率(CR PR)达76.5%。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制(对血小板抑制尤为明显)、消化道反应、轻度肝肾功能损及口腔炎等。结论:健择联合顺铂方案治疗复发或转移性鼻咽癌有效率高和耐受性良好,值得临床进一步研究。     

阿司匹林对卡托普利治疗充血性心力衰竭的影响

目的：观察阿司匹林对卡托普利治疗充血性心力衰竭的影响。方法：将74例CHF患按入院前是否服用阿司匹林分为2组，均给予卡托普利12.5mg口服，tid，并逐渐加量为25mg,tid，连服28d。结果：未用阿司匹林组显效率为46.7%，总有效率为70％，与曾用阿司匹林组相比差异显（P＜0．05）；患心率明显下降，优于曾用阿司匹林组（P＜0．05）；心脏收缩功能参数LVEF、FS以及舒张功能参数E／A明显增加（P＜0．01），且较曾用阿司匹林组为优（P＜0．05）。结论：曾经应用阿司匹林的时间越长，卡托普利治疗CHF的效果越差。     

Giganteaside D induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the MAPK pathway

Purpose

Every year, almost one million individuals are diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide and more than 690,000 patients die of it. At present, most therapeutic anti-HCC agents are not effective, which is due to the appearance of chemo-resistance and/or toxic side effects. Therefore, it is imperative to find novel more effective anti-HCC agents. Here, we evaluated the effect of giganteaside D (GD), an oleanolic acid saponin from P. scabiosaefolia, on the growth and apoptosis of HCC cells.

Methods and results

Using MTT and clonogenic assays, we found that GD exhibited a significant growth inhibitory effect on the HCC-derived cell lines HepG2 and Bel-7402. In addition, we found that GD induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in these HCC-derived cells, as indicated by a decreased mitochondrial potential, activation of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, cleavage of PARP and release of Cytochrome C from the mitochondria. Besides, we found that GD stimulated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that blockage of ROS attenuated the GD-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, we found that GD treatment led to a decrease in phosphorylated Erk (p-Erk) and triggered the generation of p-JNK, both components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Inhibition of Erk or JNK by specific inhibitors or siRNAs augmented or attenuated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of GD.

Conclusions

From our results we conclude that GD can induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in HCC-derived cells through the MAPK pathway. This observation may open up avenues to explore the future use of GD as a HCC chemotherapeutic agent.

     

Miscarriage risk for asymptomatic women after a normal first-trimester prenatal visit

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of miscarriage among asymptomatic women after a prenatal visit between 6 and 11 weeks of gestation where proof of fetal viability of a singleton was obtained by office ultrasonography at the same visit. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study performed over 2 years (March 2004-2006) at an antenatal clinic at a large tertiary hospital in Victoria, Australia. Those recruited were 697 asymptomatic women who attended their first antenatal visit between 6 (+2 days) and 11(+6 days) weeks of gestation, where evidence of fetal cardiac activity of a singleton was obtained by office ultrasonography. The main outcome measure was rates of miscarriage, stratified by gestation at presentation. RESULTS: One case was lost to follow-up. The risk of miscarriage among the entire cohort was 11 of 696 (1.6%). The risk fell rapidly with advancing gestation; 9.4% at 6 (completed) weeks of gestation, 4.2% at 7 weeks, 1.5% at 8 weeks, 0.5% at 9 weeks and 0.7% at 10 weeks (chi(2); test for trend P=.001). Most who miscarried received their ultrasound diagnoses many weeks after their visit; five (45%) were diagnosed in the second trimester, and all but one received their ultrasound diagnoses after 10 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION: For women without symptoms, the risk of miscarriage after attending a first antenatal visit between 6 and 11 weeks is low (1.6% or less), especially if they present at 8 weeks of gestation and beyond. Our data could be used to reassure such women that the probability of progressing to later than 20 weeks of gestation is very good.     

Clinical analysis of synchronous primary neoplasms of the female reproductive tract

OBJECTIVES: In this study, a histopathologic review of synchronous primary neoplasms including gynecologic malignancies is presented, and the possible correlation among discrete tumor subsets, natural history, and survival is evaluated. METHODS: Between the years 2000 and 2005, 20 patients suffering from synchronous primary cancers of gynecologic malignancy were identified. Clinical and pathologic information was obtained from medical records. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Patients with synchronous primary malignancies constituted 0.63% of all genital malignancies. The most frequently observed synchronous neoplasm was ovarian cancer coexistent with endometrial cancer (40%). The mean age of patients suffering from synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancer was 45.2 years. All patients with synchronous primary genital malignancies underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and/or adjuvant therapy. The mean duration of survival was 57 months (S.E.: 10.0; 95% confidence interval: 37-77). CONCLUSION: Patients suffering from primary genital malignancies are sometimes co-afflicted with other primary cancers. Synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancer constitutes the most common of these cases, and is detected at a relatively early age, with generally favorable prognoses.     

顺行髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨干骨折的临床研究

目的探讨顺行髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨干骨折的治疗效果。方法将76例肱骨干骨折患者按手术方式分为髓内钉组(n=38,采用顺行髓内钉内固定)及钢板组(n=38,采用锁定钢板内固定)。记录患者平均手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间,术后并发症的发生情况,采用肩关节Neer评分法和美国肩肘外科医师评分(ASES)法综合评估肩关节功能。结果髓内钉组患者的平均手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及骨骼愈合时间显著优于钢板组(P<0.05)。髓内钉组、钢板组患者术后并发症发生率分别为10.53%、21.05%,肩肘关节功能的优良率分别为84.21%、65.79%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论顺行髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨干骨折具有固定牢固、肩肘关节功能恢复良好、术后并发症少的优点,值得临床推广。     

儿童代谢综合征血清皮质醇水平和相关因素分析

目的：探讨血清皮质醇（COR）在儿童代谢综合征（MS）发生、发展过程中的意义,找寻其中规律。方法：对96名确诊的肥胖儿童,按照Cook提出MS的标准,根据腰围（WC）、血压（BP）、血脂及血糖将患儿分为MS组和非MS组,收集其临床基本资料,测量人体参数,测定血清COR、血脂,行口服糖耐量试验（OGTT）和胰岛素释放试验,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）,并对上述资料进行统计学分析。结果：血清COR水平MS组高于非MS组（P〈0．05）;相关分析提示COR水平与WC、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）及MS组分数（nMSc）呈正相关（P〈0．05）,与血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）水平呈负相关（P〈0．05）;回归分析表明WC、SBP、DBP是血清COR的显著影响因素。结论：血清COR与胰岛素抵抗及其他多因素可能共同参与MS发病及进展过程．