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排序方式: 共有1023条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
21.
Tomokazu Kawashima Richard W. Thorington Jr. Kunio Murakami Fumi Sato 《Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)》2013,296(5):798-806
To provide information on evolutionary morphological differences and similarities between Tarsiformes (tarsiers) and other primates (Strepsirrhini and Platyrrhini), we examined the previously undescribed extrinsic cardiac nervous system (ECNS) and surrounding structures in three Philippine tarsiers (Tarsius syrichta). We found that the complicated ECNS morphology shows little variation in contrast to significant anatomical diversity of the surrounding somatic structures in tarsiers as reported in our previous primate studies. Further, our comparative morphological data on the ECNS show the following aspects of evolutionary anatomical significance; (1) the traits of the general relationship between the superior cervical ganglion and the spinal nerves are common to the Tarsii and Strepsirrhini, (2) the traits of the general composition of the cervicothoracic ganglion, its communicating branches to spinal nerves, and its cardiac nerve are common to the Tarsii and Platyrrhini, and (3) the traits of the general relationship between the middle cervical ganglion and the spinal nerves and its cardiac nerve are common among Strepsirrhini, Tarsii, and Platyrrhini. Therefore, the general anatomical characteristics of the ECNS in tarsiers retain a primitive state for some traits and exhibit a derived state for others. These characteristics of the ECNS also reflect an evolutionary history without the modification and specialization as seen in the surrounding somatic structures. It may play a key role in unifying future studies on molecular phylogeny and updating evolutionary anatomical information. Anat Rec, 296:798–806, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
22.
Tomokazu Kishiki Tadahiko MasakiHiroyoshi Matsuoka M.D. Takaaki KobayashiYutaka Suzuki M.D. Nobutsugu AbeToshiyuki Mori M.D. Masanori Sugiyama M.D. 《American journal of surgery》2013
Background
The modified Glasgow prognostic score is an inflammation-based prognostic score. This study examined whether this score, measured before surgical procedures, could predict postoperative cancer-specific survival.Methods
We retrospectively studied 79 colorectal cancer patients who underwent a surgical procedure for incurable stage IV disease. The modified Glasgow prognostic score (0 to 2) comprises C-reactive protein (≤10 vs >10 mg/L) and albumin (<35 vs ≥35 g/L) measurements.Results
In terms of overall survival, univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the status of lung metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, distant metastasis, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, albumin, tumor resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and modified Glasgow prognostic score. Multivariate analysis revealed that hemoglobin (P = .019), adjuvant chemotherapy (P = .002), and modified Glasgow prognostic score (0 and 1, low; 2, high) (P = .0001) were significant predictive factors for postoperative mortality.Conclusions
The modified Glasgow prognostic score is simple to obtain and useful in predicting survival in incurable stage IV colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgery. 相似文献23.
Ikemoto T Hojo Y Kondo H Takahashi N Hirose M Nishimura Y Katsuki T Shimada K Kario K 《Heart and vessels》2012,27(4):344-351
Recent clinical studies have revealed that the expression of endoglin, an accessory protein for the TGF-β receptor, is increased in patients with atherosclerotic diseases. The plasma endoglin level is thought to represent endothelial activation, inflammation, and senescence. To clarify the significance of plasma endoglin in chronic coronary artery disease. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured to examine changes in soluble endoglin (s-endoglin) levels caused by atherogenic stimulation in vitro. We studied 318 patients with stable coronary artery disease who underwent a successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients with acute coronary syndrome were excluded. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. All patients were followed-up to examine MACE after the procedure. We confirmed that the levels of s-endoglin was increased in the culture medium of HUVECs by senescence, tumor necrosis factor-α and hydrogen peroxide. In a clinical study, mean follow-up period was 1055?±?612?days (49–2136?days) with 27 incidents of MACE (8.5%). We divided patients into three groups according to the plasma s-endoglin levels. Kaplan–Meier curves revealed that the highest endoglin group had a significantly higher MACE rate than the lowest endoglin group (log-rank test, p?=?0.009). A Cox proportional hazards model showed that chronic kidney disease, left ventricular ejection fraction and s-endoglin level were significant factors to predict MACE. Plasma endoglin could be a marker to predict cardiovascular events in patients with chronic coronary artery disease after PCI. 相似文献
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Takashi Nakahara Hideyuki Hyogo Yuki Kimura Tomokazu Ishitobi Koji Arihiro Hiroshi Aikata Shoichi Takahashi Kazuaki Chayama 《Hepatology research》2012,42(11):1065-1072
Aim: Statins, an inhibitor of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase, are reported to be useful for the treatment of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Currently, there is no proven therapy for NASH. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of rosuvastatin in NASH patients with dyslipidemia. Methods: Nineteen patients with biopsy‐proven NASH with dyslipidemia who agreed to participate in this prospective study were enrolled. The patients were treated for 24 months with 2.5 mg/day rosuvastatin. Clinical and histological alterations were comparatively evaluated before and after treatment. Standard weight‐loss counseling was continued during the treatment period. Follow‐up liver biopsy was performed in nine patients. Results: Twenty‐six percent of patients had hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa and 74% had hyperlipoproteinemia type IIb at baseline. Body mass indices were not significantly changed during the treatment. The levels of transaminases were relatively low at the beginning, and were not significantly changed during the treatment. Lipid profiles were significantly improved by the treatment with rosuvastatin for 24 months. While non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score and fibrotic stage did not change significantly in all patients, they were improved in 33.3% and 33.3% individual patients, and stayed stable in 33.3% and 55.6%, respectively. Conclusion: NASH‐related metabolic parameters improved with therapy including histology in some patients. However, one of nine patients had progression of fibrosis during the treatment. Our pilot study demonstrated the efficacy of rosuvastatin for the treatment of NASH with dyslipidemia, even if transaminases are not so elevated and controlled trials are needed in the future. 相似文献
26.
Hirotaka Koyanagi Keisuke Ae Hidetsugu Maehara Masato Yuasa Tomokazu Masaoka Tsuyoshi Yamada Takashi Taniyama Masanori Saito Yuki Funauchi Toshitaka Yoshii Atsushi Okawa Shinichi Sotome 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2013,31(8):1308-1316
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Tomokazu Tsurugizawa Yoshihito Nogusa Yumi Ando Hisayuki Uneyama 《The European journal of neuroscience》2013,38(11):3628-3635
Capsaicin and capsiate, which is an analogue of capsaicin, are agonists of capsaicin‐binding transient potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors. However, their physiological effects are different. Capsaicin induces thermogenesis and nociception, while the different kinetics of capsiate result in thermogenesis without nociception in the oral cavity. In the present study, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared the brain activation after intragastric infusion of non‐nociceptive levels of capsaicin and capsiate in wild‐type and TRPV1‐knockout (KO) mice. Capsaicin activated several brain regions, such as the periaqueductal grey (PAG), thalamic nuclei and hypothalamus, including the medial preoptic area (mPOA) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Most of these areas were not activated in TRPV1‐KO mice. Capsiate activated several regions, including the thalamic nuclei, mPOA and VMH but not PAG in wild‐type mice. Most of the activated areas were not activated by intragastric capsiate infusion in TRPV1‐KO mice. These results demonstrate that TRPV1 is critical for the induction of activation in the hypothalamus by capsaicin and capsiate, and these distinct brain activations could help to explain the individual physiological reactions of capsaicin and capsiate. 相似文献
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