全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4870篇 |
免费 | 216篇 |
国内免费 | 33篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 27篇 |
儿科学 | 181篇 |
妇产科学 | 10篇 |
基础医学 | 694篇 |
口腔科学 | 120篇 |
临床医学 | 295篇 |
内科学 | 1549篇 |
皮肤病学 | 38篇 |
神经病学 | 336篇 |
特种医学 | 165篇 |
外科学 | 702篇 |
综合类 | 9篇 |
预防医学 | 116篇 |
眼科学 | 43篇 |
药学 | 313篇 |
中国医学 | 13篇 |
肿瘤学 | 508篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 37篇 |
2021年 | 82篇 |
2020年 | 47篇 |
2019年 | 46篇 |
2018年 | 63篇 |
2017年 | 49篇 |
2016年 | 70篇 |
2015年 | 82篇 |
2014年 | 131篇 |
2013年 | 154篇 |
2012年 | 292篇 |
2011年 | 303篇 |
2010年 | 146篇 |
2009年 | 136篇 |
2008年 | 291篇 |
2007年 | 316篇 |
2006年 | 337篇 |
2005年 | 315篇 |
2004年 | 379篇 |
2003年 | 391篇 |
2002年 | 367篇 |
2001年 | 54篇 |
2000年 | 49篇 |
1999年 | 76篇 |
1998年 | 90篇 |
1997年 | 88篇 |
1996年 | 94篇 |
1995年 | 51篇 |
1994年 | 79篇 |
1993年 | 63篇 |
1992年 | 49篇 |
1991年 | 52篇 |
1990年 | 34篇 |
1989年 | 36篇 |
1988年 | 31篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 26篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 30篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有5119条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
Takeshi Tana Nobuhiro Kamikawaji Christopher J. Savoie Tohru Sudo Yurika Kinoshita T. Sasazuki 《Journal of human genetics》1998,43(1):14-21
Susceptibility to a series of autoimmune diseases is strongly associated with particular HLA class II alleles. Identification
of T cell clones and antigenic epitopes bound by HLA class II molecules involved in autoimmune diseases is critical to understanding
the etiology of these HLA class II-associated diseases. However, establishment of T cell clones in autoimmune diseases is
difficult because the antigenic peptides are unknown. Peptide library methods which include all possible peptide sequences
offer a potentially powerful tool for the detection of cross-reactive antigenic peptides recognized by T cells. Here, we reduced
the number of peptides per mixture by utilizing the known binding motifs of peptides for the HLA-DRB1*0405 molecule and evaluated
the effectiveness of this library design. Each library mixture evoked a strong proliferative response in the unprimed peripheral
blood lymphocytes (PBL) from HLA-DRB1*0405-positive donors but little or no response in the PBL from HLA-DRB1*0405-negative donors. The library also detected antigenic peptides that activated three antigen-specific T cell lines restricted
by HLA-DRB1*0405, with different specificities. The motif-based approach thus presents a powerful method for monitoring T
cells in large, heterogeneous T cell populations and is useful for the identification of the mimic peptide epitopes of T cell
lines and clones.
Received: October 3, 1997 / Accepted: October 23, 1997 相似文献
42.
Kunii Y Kamada M Ohtsuki S Araki T Kataoka K Kageyama M Nakagawa N Seino Y 《Acta medica Okayama》2003,57(4):191-197
This study was designed to explore whether it was possible to evaluate the severity of VSD, PDA, and ASD by measuring brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. We also investigated normal BNP levels in children to provide a baseline for our study. We measured BNP levels in 253 normal children, including 11 normal neonates, and in 91 VSD patients, 29 PDA patients, and 34 ASD patients. BNP levels showed no age-related differences in normal children (the mean value: 5.3 +/- 3.8 pg/ml). In the healthy neonates, BNP levels rose from 10.4 +/- 11.9 pg/ml in cord blood to 118.8 +/- 83.2 pg/ml on day 0, then fell to 15.3 +/- 7.8 pg/ml by day 7. In VSD and PDA patients, BNP levels correlated significantly with Qp/Qs, LVEDV, and peak RVP/LVP. In ASD patients, BNP levels correlated with Qp/Qs and RVEDV. Especially, in VSD patients, as an index corresponding to 1.5-2.0 of the Qp/Qs ratio, BNP levels of 20-35 pg/ml were found to be best with regard to both sensitivity and specificity. In the healthy neonates, BNP levels changed rapidly after birth. In VSD, PDA, and ASD patients, BNP levels were well-correlated with the severity of the disease. Especially, in VSD patients, it that appears BNP levels may be useful in evaluating surgical indications, with 20-35 pg/ml levels being the appropriate cut-off value. 相似文献
43.
Tohru Abe Chikao Morimoto Takashi Toguchi Masaya Kiyotaki Mitsuo Homma 《Inflammation》1980,4(2):169-180
The effect of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) granule lysates obtained from joint fluid of RA an the in vitro DNA synthesis of PHA-stimulated autologous lymphocytes from joint fluid was studied. Lymphocytes were cultured for 3 days with or without PMN lysates in 2 ml of RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS). The lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M). The DNA synthesis was measured by counting the [3H]thymidine incorporation. Lymphocytes from RA joint fluid stimulated with PHA-M showed 19,466±987 cpm (mean±SE per 106 cells in the absence of PMN lysates. Upon addition PMN lysates to the PHA-stimulated lymphocytes, the maximum in vitro DNA synthesis increased to 44,877±1338 cpm. The enhancing effect of PMN lysates was abolished by plasma inhibitors or by passage through a column of protease inhibitor (Trasylol). It was concluded, therefore, that the enhancing effect of PMN lysates on PHA-stimulated lymphocytes may be associated with lysosomal proteases. Based on experiments using separated T and B lymphocytes, the enhancing effect of PMN lysates was considered to result from the activation of T lymphocytes. The results obtained in the present study suggest an important role for lysosomal proteases in the perpetuation of rheumatoid synovitis. 相似文献
44.
Purification of fully activated Clostridium botulinum serotype B toxin for treatment of patients with dystonia
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Infection and immunity》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Arimitsu H Inoue K Sakaguchi Y Lee J Fujinaga Y Watanabe T Ohyama T Hirst R Oguma K 《Infection and immunity》2003,71(3):1599-1603
Clostridium botulinum serotype B toxins 12S and 16S were separated by using a beta-lactose gel column at pH 6.0; toxin 12S passed through the column, whereas toxin 16S bound to the column and eluted with lactose. The fully activated neurotoxin was obtained by applying the trypsin-treated 16S toxin on the same column at pH 8.0; the neurotoxin passed through the column, whereas remaining nontoxic components bound to the column. The toxicity of this purified fully activated neurotoxin was retained for a long period by addition of albumin in the preparation. 相似文献
45.
Tohru Yashiro Motohiko Aiba Takao Obara Yoshihide Fujimoto Akira Hirayama 《Pathology international》1988,38(3):371-381
A case of primary plasmacytoma of the thyroid gland which occurred in a 63-year-old woman is reported. Histologic and ultramicroscopic examination revealed that the excised thyroid tumor was plasmacytoma superimposed on lymphocytic thyroiditis. Immunohistological study showed that the tumor cells produced intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (IgG-kappa). Electropho-retic and immunoelectrophoretic studies disclosed the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgG-kappa) in samples of the patient's serum which had been obtained preoperatively. After completion of irradiation therapy to the neck following tumor removal, the serum monoclonal immunoglobulin disappeared. The patient is currently alive and well without any evidence of the tumor three years after surgery. 相似文献
46.
Takemasa T Sugimoto K Miyazaki M Machida M Ikeda S Hitomi Y Kizaki T Ohno H Yamashita K Haga S 《European journal of applied physiology》2004,91(2-3):357-359
Skeletal muscle is composed of several different types of myofiber: slow oxidative (SO), fast glycolytic oxidative and fast glycolytic. However, the classification is usually determined by myosin heavy chain typing rather than by metabolic index. In this study, the oxidative metabolic index was investigated as a possible method of myofiber typing. Myoglobin, which is involved in oxygen transport and storage in myofibers, and mitochondria, which are the central organelles for oxidative metabolism, were studied. High levels of myoglobin and mitochondria are believed to exist in SO fibers, but the current study showed that they are considerably richer in some fast type fibers. As myofiber typing using the oxidative metabolic index is important physiologically, an attempt was made to find a simple method for this purpose. Some mitochondrial proteins have been observed to auto-fluoresce but until now this effect was too faint to detect easily. Owing to the recent advances in cooling charge-coupled device technology, such auto-fluorescence can now be used for myofiber typing, and the simple and rapid method for doing so is reported here. 相似文献
47.
In vivo labeling of amyloid with BF-108 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Suemoto T Okamura N Shiomitsu T Suzuki M Shimadzu H Akatsu H Yamamoto T Kudo Y Sawada T 《Neuroscience research》2004,48(1):65-74
Detection of aggregated amyloid-beta (Abeta) with a non-invasive imaging modality such as positron emission tomography (PET) was suggested to be ideal for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. We have been searching for imaging probe candidates with a high affinity for aggregated Abeta in vitro and in vivo and high lipophilicity, a characteristic that allows for the permeation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). As analyzed by Thioflavin T (ThT) assay and octanol/water partition coefficient test (PC), 3-diethylamino-6-(2-fluoroethyl)ethylaminoacridine (BF-108) were found to have high affinity for Abeta aggregates in vitro and high lipophilicity. Intravenously administrated BF-108 labeled Abeta aggregates injected into the amygdala as observed under a fluorescence microscope, showing this compound's permeability of BBB and an ability to label Abeta in vivo. BF-108 also labeled neuritic senile plaques (SPs), neurofibrillary tangles, and amyloid-laden vessels in temporal and hippocampal sections from AD patients. Following intravenous administration of BF-108 to an APP23 transgenic (TG) mouse, in vivo labeling of endogenous plaques was seen in brain sections by fluorescence microscopy. These properties suggest the potential utility of BF-108 for in vivo imaging of AD pathology. 相似文献
48.
49.
Yoshitake Hayashi Fumihito Kikuchi Teruaki Oka Shinji Itoyama Noboru Mohri Kensuke Usuki Fumimaro Takaku Tohru Murakami Yoshimi Saitoh Yoshinori Urano 《Pathology international》1988,38(6):789-798
Rhabdomyosarcoma manifested as a systemic disease is very rare and cases showing diffuse metastasis in the bone marrow are most unusual. Recently we encountered two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma with diffuse bone marrow metastasis which were clinically manifested as acute leukemia. The first patient was a 15-year-old female, who was admitted in 1982 with pancytopenia and many large primitive cells in bone marrow aspirates, hematological malignancy being diagnosed. Thereafter the bilateral breasts showed rapid swelling and a biopsy specimen revealed the histological features of typical alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The primary site of the neoplasm remained undetermined during the course. At autopsy, it was disclosed that the neoplasm originated from the left thigh and showed generalized metastasis. The second patient was a 38-year-old man, who was admitted in 1986 because of a nasal polyp obstructing the nasal cavity, and persistent nasal bleeding. Peripheral blood samples showed leucoerythroblastosis and thrombocytopenia, and large primitive cells were found In bone marrow aspirates, so that hematological malignancy was initially diagnosed. A biopsy specimen of the nasal polyp showed proliferation of large round cells and electron microscopy demonstrated the ultrastructural features of rhabdomyosarcoma. 相似文献
50.
Mitsui A Hamuro J Nakamura H Kondo N Hirabayashi Y Ishizaki-Koizumi S Hirakawa T Inoue T Yodoi J 《Antioxidants & redox signaling》2002,4(4):693-696
Transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing human thioredoxin (TRX), a small redox-active protein, were produced to investigate the role of the protein in a variety of stresses. Bone marrow cells from TRX-Tg mice were more resistant to ultraviolet C-induced cytocide compared with those from wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. TRX-Tg mice exhibited extended median and maximum life spans compared with WT mice. Telomerase activity in spleen tissues in TRX-Tg mice was higher than that in WT mice. These results suggest that overexpression of TRX results in resistance against oxidative stress and a possible extension of life span without apparent abnormality in mammals. 相似文献