口服Carvedilol治疗心力衰竭多中心研究(MOCHA)

标题　Ｃａｒｖｅｄｉｌｏｌ对慢性心力衰竭患者左心室功能的改善和存活的提高呈剂量相关性作者　ＢｒｉｓｔｏｗＭＲ,ＧｉｌｂｅｒｔＥＭ,ＡｂｒａｈａｍＷＴ,等　　Ｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ１９９６,９４：２８０７～２８１６　　研究疾病：充血性心力衰竭。目的：对Ｃａｒｖｅｄｉｌｏｌ治疗慢性心力衰竭患者剂量－疗效特征进行评价。　　设计：随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的多中心研究,剂量效应关系研究。病人资料：共３４５名心力衰竭患者,年龄１８～８５岁,左室射血分数≤０－３５,心力衰竭症状时间≥３月,研究前所有患者必须用利…     

Multiple Biomarker Testing Tissue Consumption and Completion Rates With Single-gene Tests and Investigational Use of Oncomine Dx Target Test for Advanced Non–Small-cell Lung Cancer: A Single-center Analysis

Introduction

First-line targeted therapies have been developed for advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, small biopsy samples pose a challenge to testing all relevant biomarkers. The present study characterized clinician-ordered single-gene lung cancer testing and evaluated tissue stewardship and the ability to successfully determine mutation status with single-gene testing or investigational use of the Oncomine Dx Target Test.

Why did she send it in the first place? Victim blame in the context of ‘revenge porn’

‘Revenge porn’ or ‘cyber rape’ occurs when intimate images that were previously sent with permission are leaked to a wider audience without consent. This research investigated the perceptions that individuals form about ‘revenge porn’ victims, aiming to gain more understanding from a victimisation perspective as a first step towards improving victim outcomes. One hundred and twenty-two individuals were presented with a scenario depicting a leaked intimate image with a female victim. Two distinct nudity levels: low (lingerie) and high (bare-chest, breasts exposed) were included, and participants’ responses to the Sexual Double Standards Scale were analysed to determine whether acceptance of the traditional sexual double standard was correlated with victim perception. Results indicated that victims were perceived as more promiscuous and more blameworthy when they were more naked, and by participants with more traditional gender roles. There is a need for policy to address potential stigma directed at ‘revenge porn’ victims.     

The molecular and cellular basis of olfactory-driven behavior in Anopheles gambiae larvae

The mosquito Anopheles gambiae is the principal Afrotropical vector for human malaria. A central component of its vectorial capacity is the ability to maintain sufficient populations of adults. During both adult and preadult (larval) stages, the mosquitoes depend on the ability to recognize and respond to chemical cues that mediate feeding and survival. In this study, we used a behavioral assay to identify a range of odorant-specific responses of An. gambiae larvae that are dependent on the integrity of the larval antennae. Parallel molecular analyses have identified a subset of the An. gambiae odorant receptors (AgOrs) that are localized to discrete neurons within the larval antennae and facilitate odor-evoked responses in Xenopus oocytes that are consistent with the larval behavioral spectrum. These studies shed light on chemosensory-driven behaviors and represent molecular and cellular characterization of olfactory processes in mosquito larvae. These advances may ultimately enhance the development of vector control strategies, targeting olfactory pathways in larval-stage mosquitoes to reduce the catastrophic effects of malaria and other diseases.     

Serotype 10A in Case Patients with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: A Pilot Study of PCR-Based Serotyping in New Jersey

In 2008, the New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) identified a 21.1% increase in reported invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). In 2009, NJDOH piloted nucleic acid-based serotyping to characterize serotypes causing IPD. From April through September, NJDOH received specimens from 149 of 302 (49%) case patients meeting our case definition. An uncommon serotype, 10A, accounted for 25.2% of IPD overall and was identified in 12 counties, but it was associated with one county (rate ratio = 5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1, 11.8). NJDOH subsequently conducted a case-control study to assess the presentation of and clinical risk factors for 10A IPD. Case patients with 10A IPD were more likely to have had immunosuppression, asthma, and multiple chronic medical conditions than control subjects had (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1, 6.3; OR=4.7, 95% CI 1.7, 13.2; and OR=2.3, 95% CI 1.0, 5.2, respectively). State-based pneumococcal serotype testing identified an uncommon serotype in New Jersey. Continued pneumococcal serotype surveillance might help the NJDOH identify and respond to future serotype-specific increases.Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. In 2008, the New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) observed a 21.1% increase in reported invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) compared with IPD cases reported in 2007 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.6, 35.2, 8.33 cases/100,000 population in 2008 vs. 6.88 cases/100,000 population in 2007), including increases in four counties. In response, in 2009, NJDOH began a pilot project to characterize the serotypes causing IPD and to determine if serotypes not included in current vaccines contributed to these increases. When our investigation identified an unusual serotype, 10A, NJDOH conducted a case-control study to assess the presentation of and clinical risk factors for 10A IPD.     

A Before and After Analysis of Health Care Utilization by Patients Enrolled in Opioid Controlled Substance Agreements for Chronic Noncancer Pain

Objective

To evaluate the impact of opioid controlled substance agreements (CSAs) enrollment on health care utilization.

Should patients with complex febrile seizure be admitted for further management?

Background and aims

Children with first complex febrile seizure (CFS) are often admitted for observation. The goals of this study were 1) to assess the risk of seizure recurrence during admission, 2) to determine whether early EEG affects acute management.

Simultaneous pulmonary and renal malignancy

Simultaneous primary malignancy of the lung and kidney has been rarely recognized during life. Three patients with synchronous primary pulmonary and renal cancer are described. The pulmonary tumors were asymptomatic and were discovered on plain chest roentgenography. The renal tumors, also asymptomatic, were incidentally discovered on CT, performed for staging. Although one patient was treated with interleukin-2 for a presumed solitary pulmonary metastasis from renal carcinoma, in all three patients, both the kidney and lung tumors were eventually removed either concurrently or sequentially. Prior autopsy case series are reviewed. In the elderly, synchronous asymptomatic pulmonary and renal malignancy is not surprising, and it should be approached as a distinct clinical problem. With the use of chest roentgenography for screening high risk populations and CT for staging, simultaneous primary pulmonary and renal malignancy will probably be recognized increasingly.