替尼泊苷和卡莫司汀对脑胶质瘤的治疗作用及耐药的研究

目的研究联合应用替尼泊苷、卡莫司汀对脑胶质瘤细胞的杀伤作用及联合用药的耐药机制.方法测定单独或联合应用替尼泊苷、卡莫司汀两种药物对20例胶质瘤细胞的体外敏感性,检测各标本中多药耐药基因(mdr-1)表达的情况.结果①替尼泊苷、卡莫司汀的敏感性为20%、15%,联合用药为45%,经统计学分析联合应用明显优于单独用药(P<0.05);②联合用药的耐药情况(8/20)与mdr-1基因表达(7/20)符合良好(P<0.05).结论亚硝脲类和鬼臼毒衍生物联合应用对胶质瘤有较好的治疗作用,联合用药的耐药性与mdr-1的表达有关.     

Elevated extracellular potassium is associated with a reduced extracellular space in rat neural lobe in vitro

Summary Increased neural activity of neurosecretory cells is accompanied by large increases in extracellular K⁺. The possibility that elevations of this ion might involve fluid redistribution and thus affect the size of the extracellular space and the relationship between pituicytes and axons in the rat neural lobe was explored using rapid freezing and freeze-substitution. Neural lobes were incubated for 15 min before freezing either in a normal medium or one containing a 10 mM increase in KCl (high KCl), a 10 mM increase in KCl balanced by an equimolar reduction in NaCl (high KCl-low NaCl), or only a 10 mM reduction in NaCl (low NaCl). A quantitative assessment of the region of good fixation was made to determine the relative fractions occupied by axons, pituicytes and the extracellular space near the neurohaemal contact zone. In addition, the percentage of basal lamina contacted by pituicytes and axons was calculated, as was the degree of enclosure of axons by pituicytes.In neural lobes incubated in normal medium, the extracellular space accounted for approximately 30% of the cross-sectional area of the neuropil and could be divided into two domains: an extended perivascular space (28–29% of total area); and a narrow (approximately 24 nm; approximately 1% of total) space between closely apposed neurosecretory processes or between these processes and pituicytes. Pituicytes occupied almost 60% of the basal lamina at the neurohaemal contact zone, while axons occupied approximately 20%. Neural lobes incubated in either the high KCl solution, or in the high KCl-low NaCl solution, exhibited a significantly reduced extracellular space, to about 20% of the total area, or a reduction from controls of about one-third. The reduction was complemented by an increased area occupied by axons plus pituicytes. In the high KCl group, the contribution of the narrow spaces (22–24 nm) between apposed processes to the total extracellular space was greatly increased. The group exposed to low NaCl showed high variability in the size of extracellular space, and was thus not significantly different from any other group. No changes in any group were observed in the enclosure of axons by pituicytes, or in the relative amounts of axon and pituicyte apposition to the basal lamina.The subsequent buffering of K⁺ and other ions during periods of increased neuronal activity may be affected by changes in the extracellular space, thereby influencing stimulus-secretion coupling. A shrinkage of the extracellular space and the relative increase in the narrow spaces between processes initiated by elevated K⁺ could also alter the diffusion properties of the neural lobe.     

青光眼患者相对性瞳孔反射传入障碍与其两眼视野面积差值的比较

对伴有相对性瞳孔反射传入障碍（RAPD）的26例非对称性青光眼（17例原发性开角型青光眼和9例青睫综合征）患者，将RAPD定量值与其两眼视野面积差值（VFAD）进行相关分析。结果显示Ⅰ2e、Ⅰ4e和Ⅲ4e等视线VFAD与RAPD值的相关系数分别为0.70、0.81和0.88，各相关系数经统计学检验均有极显著意义（P＜0.001）。表明RAPD测量在揭示青光眼不对称性视功能损害方面与视野检查具有一致性。因而RAPD可以作为非对称性青光眼视功能损害的重要体征之一。     

三辛胺萃取酸过程的稀释剂效应

研究了三辛胺萃取酸过程的机理,得到三辛胺与强酸生成离子缔合型萃合物,与弱酸生成分子型萃合物。对强酸需要克服水化作用,其萃取能力小于弱酸,其分配比与酸根离子的离子势有关。萃取弱酸时,分配比与酸分子的大小和性质有关。萃取弱酸的稀释剂效应显著,可使分配比提高30～70倍。三辛胺对羧酸的萃取能力取决于萃合物与稀释剂的相互作用能力及其在稀释剂中的疏溶作用,相互作用能力越强,疏溶作用越弱,越有利于萃取。     

甲襞微循环观测辅助诊断的初步研究

甲襞微循环观测辅助诊断的初步研究胡金麟＊田牛＊刘凤英＊宋欣＊李向红＊规范化的甲襞、球结膜、舌、口唇、牙龈、耳廓、皮肤、子宫颈、阴茎头微循环观测方法标志着我国临床微循环的研究与应用已进入了一个新的阶段［１，２］。临床微循环观测结果的数学公式表达，促进了...     

缺指(趾)综合征

本文报告—缺指(趾)综合征之家族。在4代62人中手足畸形者20人,对3代7人拍照了双手足正位X线片,发现足部2-4跖趾均缺如,1、5跖趾呈现跖外翻,趾内曲。外形酷似龙虾爪样。手部1-3指大多数病人缺如。也有2、3指并指畸形或指骨分叉畸形。全身其他骨关节正常,智力发育良好。本文讨论了该病的命名、分类和有关鉴别诊断。     

305例老年死亡病例医院感染回顾性调查

本文结果表明,305例老年死亡病例医院感染的发病率为33.8％。感染最多部位为肺部(66.9％),其次为尿路感染(19.4％)。高龄患者,侵袭性操作、多种抗生素联合应用,激素疗法等是诱发医院感染的危险因素。58.8％的病原菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,37.2％为真菌。31株病原菌药敏结果显示耐药率为33.3％。本文指出合理应用抗生素是预防医院感染的重要措施之一。     

CT-guided stereotactic injection of radionuclide in treatment of brain tumors.

140 patients with brain tumor were treated by CT-guided stereotactic injections of radionuclides, such as Aurum-198 (198 Au), Phosphorus-32 (32 P) and Yttrium-90 (90Y). Of these patients aged from 3 to 67 years (average 37), 64 were male and 76 female. Astrocytoma was found in 75 patients, craniopharyngioma in 46, metastatic carcinoma in 7, meningioma in 5, germinoma in 4 and pituitary adenoma in 3. The tumors were located in the deep part or functionally critical area of the brain. After 267 times of injection of colloidal isotopes, no major adverse effects or complications occurred. Follow-up for 6 to 48 months showed improvement in symptoms in 104 (74.3%) patients and CT scanning showed the diminished tumors.

     

纤维连接蛋白在膀胱癌丝裂霉素化疗药物耐受中的作用

目的 :探讨纤维连接蛋白 (FN)在膀胱癌化疗药物耐受中的作用。方法 :将T2 4膀胱肿瘤细胞分别接种于包被FN、牛血清蛋白 (BSA)的培养板上孵育 2 4h ,加入不同浓度的丝裂霉素C(MMC)作用 2h ,用MTT比色法检测作用后不同时间肿瘤细胞的存活率 ,用ANNEXINⅤ流式细胞分析仪检测不同时间肿瘤细胞的凋亡率。结果 :FN黏附的膀胱肿瘤细胞在不同浓度MMC作用 2h、12h和 2 4h后的平均存活率为 6 8.3%、4 5 .7%及 5 9.1% ,与BSA黏附的膀胱肿瘤细胞平均存活率 4 5 .0 %、2 1.3%、2 6 .6 %比较 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。FN黏附的膀胱肿瘤细胞在不同浓度MMC作用 2h和 12h后平均凋亡率分别为 1.4 %和 1.0 % ,而BSA组的细胞平均凋亡率为4 .9%和 8.2 % ,两组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :与FN黏附后的膀胱肿瘤细胞对化疗药物MMC的敏感性下降 ,细胞存活率增高 ;FN能抑制MMC引起的膀胱肿瘤细胞凋亡 ,产生药物耐受。