Increased superoxide anion production by immunologically activated and chemically elicited macrophages

We studied the capacity of cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages to generate superoxide anion (O(2-)), the initial product of conversion of oxygen to microbicidal species, during phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan or upon contact with the membrane-active agent phorbel myristate acetate (PMA). Macrophages from mice infected with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or injected intraperitoneally with thioglycollate broth or endotoxin, released up to 12 times more O(2-) than did resident peritoneal macrophages, depending upon the cell type and whether the stimulus was zymosan or PMA. There was little if any O(2-) release from resting (unstimulated) macrophages. The density of cells on culture dishes was an important variable since crowding of the dish markedly reduced the efficiency of O(2-) production. The enhanced O(2-) release of chemically elicited and infection-activated macrophages was noted after stimulation with a wide range of concentrations of PMA and zymosan, at all time points studied (up to 120 min), and with cells maintained for 140 rain to 16 days in culture. The O(2-) response of resident cells improved twofold to zymosan and ninefold to PMA during the first 3 days in culture. The capacity to release O~ appears to be limited to actively phagocytic cell types: murine macrophage-like tumor lines and cultured human monocytes released O(2-) when stimulated by PMA or zymosan, fibroblast and endothelial lines and embryo-derived cells did not. Activity of superoxide dismutase, which removes O(2-), was not detectable in culture supernates of any cell type, and thus, differences in detectable O(2-) could not be attributed to variations in the release of this enzyme. We conclude that the phagocytosis- associated respiratory burst is significantly enhanced in mononuclear phagocytes obtained ai~r chemical inflammation or BCG infection. Increased capacity to generate O(2-) and other oxygen radicals during phagocytosis could contribute to the improved microbicidal and tumoricidal activity of activated macrophages.     

拉萨地区冠心病与幽门螺杆菌感染相关性研究

目的 探讨西藏拉萨地区幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pyloric,Hp)感染与冠心病及多种危险因素的关系,为该地区冠心病的防治提供依据.方法 分为冠心病组46例和非冠心病组51例,应用检测血抗HpIgG及14C-尿素呼气试验方法检测Hp感染情况,并分别测定各组血脂、血糖、餐后2 h血糖、C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原、白细胞总数.结果 冠心病组患者血清抗HpIgG阳性率为50.0%(23/46),明显高于非冠心病组的23.5%(12/51),P<0.05;冠心病患者Hp现症感染率为54.3%(25/46),明显高于非冠心病组的31.3%(27/51),P<0.05;冠心病组Hp感染患者血脂、空腹及餐后2 h血糖、C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原较非感染患者明显升高(P<0.05).结论 Hp感染与冠心病相关,可能是拉萨地区冠心病发病的独立危险因素.     

Amsacrine with high-dose cytarabine is highly effective therapy for refractory and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults

Thirty-six patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and four with primary refractory ALL were treated with a regimen that included amsacrine, 200 mg/m2, intravenously daily for three days with cytarabine, 3 gm/m2, by infusion over three hours daily for five days. There were 27 remissions in the 36 relapsed patients and two in the four patients with primary refractory disease. Seventeen of the 23 patients with common ALL, four of the six with T-cell ALL, one of the three with B-cell ALL, and seven of eight whose cells were not characterized responded. Toxicity of this regimen was comparable to other reinduction regimens for ALL, but the side effects characteristic of high-dose cytarabine therapy were absent. Since these results compare favorably with conventional induction regimens, its use in the primary treatment of adults and children with high-risk ALL is proposed.     

生活饮用水中2,4-滴和4-氯苯氧乙酸的固相萃取-离子色谱同时测定法

目的建立生活饮用水中2,4-滴和4-氯苯氧乙酸的固相萃取-离子色谱同时测定方法。方法水样经Oasis HLB固相萃取(SPE)柱富集浓缩,以30mmol/L的KOH为淋洗液,采用抑制性电导检测器离子色谱法进行测定,进样量50μl。结果2,4-滴和4-氯苯氧乙酸分别在0.28-8.0mg/L和0.29-8.0mg/L范围内,所得回归方程的线性关系良好(r≥0.9995);该方法的检出限分别为0.15、0.18mg/L,实际样品中2,4-滴和4-氯苯氧乙酸的定量下限分别为2.8、2.9μg/L(100倍浓缩)。该方法所得2,4-滴的平均回收率为85.8-95.9%,RSD为1.1%-4.1%;所得4-氯苯氧乙酸的平均回收率为95.8%-101.3%,RSD为1.3、%-3.1%。结论该方法灵敏度和精密度均较高,回收率和重复性良好,适用于生活饮用水中2,4-滴和4-氯苯氧乙酸的测定。     

中西药结合治疗痤疮的临床优势分析

目的探讨中西药结合治疗痤疮的临床优势。方法痤疮患者64例随机平分为2组,对照组以传统西药治疗为主,治疗组采用中西药结合治疗。结果 2组疗效比较,有显著性差异,治疗组的总有效率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。2组患者均未出现严重不良反应,2组不良反应发生率比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论中西药结合治疗痤疮的临床优势好,不良反应少,值得临床推广。     

多层螺旋CT对肝外梗阻性黄疸的诊断评价

目的:评价多层螺旋CT对肝外梗阻性黄疸的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾分析2009年～2010年间经手术和临床证实的肝外梗阻性黄疸68例,将所有病例按良恶性分成两组,良性组36例,恶性组32例。其中20例同时再行增强扫描,图像后处理采用MIP、MPR、CPR等。观察CT定量及定性指标:胆总管内径,肝内胆管扩张程度,梗阻部位距肝门部长度;有无结石,有无肿块及肿块部位、肿块与胆总管关系、肿块强化程度。结果:所有病例均清晰显示梗阻部位,梗阻部位距肝门长度良恶性组间差别显著(P<0.01);而恶性组中胆管癌和胰头癌分别与壶腹癌之间也有统计学差异(P<0.05)。而胆总管内径各组间差别无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:多层螺旋CT检查对肝外梗阻性黄疸的部位、病因及良恶性的区分准确性较高,对肝外梗阻性黄疸的诊断与鉴别诊断有很大价值。     

Abnormal protein bands in patients with multiple myeloma after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: does it have a prognostic significance?

Abnormal protein bands (APB) unrelated to the original monoclonal protein occasionally appear in serum immunofixation samples from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). To investigate the significance of APB, medical records and serum immunofixation patterns of 53 MM patients, who had undergone HCT (49 autologous and 4 allogeneic) at the stem cell transplantation unit of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, were reviewed. Patients were staged according to Durie–Salmon and International staging systems (ISS) and disease response was determined according to European Bone Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) criteria. Fourteen (26.4%) of the 53 patients developed APBs after HCT. The median time for the appearance and duration of APB was 3 (range 1–24) and 5.5 (range 1.5–14) months, respectively. Probability of overall survival (OS) at the end of the follow‐up was 77 and 61.4% in patients with and without APB, respectively (p = 0.334). The median duration of follow‐up (767 days (range, 220–2905) vs. 726 days (range, 120–1780) p = 0.545) was not different in patients with and without APB. Probability of progression free survival (PFS) at the end of follow‐up was 28.8% in patients with and 27.7% in patients without APB (p = 0.835). PFS (910 days (range 180–2905) vs. 730 days (range 90–1765) p = 0.835) was longer in patients with APB, though without statistical significance. Thus, the occurrence of APB post‐transplantation is not associated with any adverse long‐term consequences and does not require treatment modification. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.