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101.
BACKGROUND: Chromogranin A (CGA), Pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are known as immunohistochemical tissue markers closely associated with neuroendocrine differentiation in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The aim of the present study was to assess the value of serum levels of these markers in predicting response to chemotherapy and survival of patients with unresectable NSCLC. METHODS: The study included 67 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with chemotherapy. Before treatment, serum levels of CGA, ProGRP and NSE were measured with commercial kits. RESULTS: No association was found between serum NSE and age, gender, histology, performance status or extent of the disease. Distribution of serum CGA differed significantly according to gender and histology, with higher levels being found in men (p = 0.01) and in squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.01). Serum ProGRP levels correlated with disease extent, being higher in patients with metastatic disease (M1) than in those with locoregional disease (M0; p = 0.02). The association of NSE, CGA and ProGRP levels with response to chemotherapy was not significant. While NSE had no impact on survival, the median survival was shorter for patients with elevated serum CGA and longer for patients with high ProGRP levels. Association with survival was significant when the Classification and Regression Tree (CART)-derived or median cutoff points were explored. On inclusion in multivariate Cox models, both CGA and ProGRP retained significance with high levels showing an opposite effect on survival [CART-derived cutoff points: CGA, relative risk (RR) -4.0; p < 0.001, and ProGRP, RR -0.4; p = 0.006, and median cutoff points: CGA, RR -1.8; p = 0.04, and ProGRP, RR -0.5; p = 0.03]. The combined use of CGA, ProGRP and NSE allowed for definition of two sets of patients with significantly different median survival times (25.2 vs. 8.8 months, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In the circulation, CGA and Pro-GRP appear to bear important information related to the prognosis for NSCLC patients before chemotherapy. While a high CGA before treatment was found as an unfavorable prognostic determinant, a high ProGRP conferred a survival advantage. The combined use of serum CGA, ProGRP and NSE may supply additional information to prognosis. 相似文献
102.
Amplitude spectra of natural images 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Several studies have suggested that the amplitude spectra of photographs of natural scenes are remarkably similar and have the form: amplitude varies; is directly proportional to spatial frequency-1.0. This is, of course, a straight line with slope of -1.0 when plotted on double logarithmic coordinates. We have examined the amplitude spectra of 135 digitized photographs of natural scenes and have found that relatively few images conform exactly to the suggestion. About 25% of the images in our sample have spectra which show significant curvature when plotted on log-log coordinates. The best-fitting regression lines have slopes that range from -0.8 to -1.5; the average slope is -1.2, rather steeper than previously suggested. 相似文献
103.
Visualization of orbital soft tissue structures by computed tomography in direct coronal and axial studies is extremely useful in diagnosis. Direct enlargement viewing of scans has disclosed minute anatomical details. This study reviews some of our experiences in the investigation of a variety of lesions within the orbit and attempts, in particular, to illustrate the value of direct coronal studies. 相似文献
104.
The new 64-slice multi-detector computed tomographic scanners with improved temporal and special resolution are well suited to cardiac scanning allowing large area coverage and very short scan time. Current applications include plaque and stenosis assessment, evaluation of bypass graft patency and stenosis, coronary artery anomalies and recently, assessment of implanted coronary stents. Possible fields of utilization include emergency room triage of chest pain, and screening prior to invasive angiography in order to reduce the load of invasive studies. The future holds the prospect of automatic analysis of coronary plaque and luminal stenosis possibly opening up a new vista for non-invasive risk assessment. 相似文献
105.
106.
David?W?EvansEmail author Nadine?E?Foster Martin?Underwood Steven?Vogel Alan?C?Breen Tamar?Pincus 《BMC musculoskeletal disorders》2005,6(1):41
Background
Low back pain (LBP) is a common and costly problem. Initiatives designed to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate healthcare for LBP include printed evidence-based clinical guidelines. The three professional groups of chiropractic, osteopathy and musculoskeletal physiotherapy in the UK share common ground with their approaches to managing LBP and are amongst those targeted by LBP guidelines. Even so, many seem unaware that such guidelines exist. Furthermore, the behaviour of at least some of these practitioners differs from that recommended in these guidelines. 相似文献107.
Forer B Vasilyev T Brosh T Kariv N Gil Z Fliss DM Katzir A 《Lasers in surgery and medicine》2005,37(4):286-292
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that laser soldering might be successfully used for closing holes or cuts in the dura layer, which encapsulates the brain. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: A temperature controlled fiberoptic CO(2) laser system and albumin solder were used for spot soldering of fascia patches to holes in the dura of farm pigs, in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: The mean burst pressure of the soldered patches in the in vitro experiments was 190 +/- 88 mm Hg-significantly higher than typical maximum CSF pressure of 15 mm Hg. In the in vivo experiments the pigs showed no postoperative complications. Histopathological studies exhibited an accepted level of inflammatory reaction and showed no thermal damage to the underlying brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS: It has been clearly demonstrated that temperature controlled laser soldering is a very useful technique for the repair of the dura. It provides significant advantages over standard closure techniques: it is easy to apply, the bond is strong and watertight and the procedure is likely to be much faster than suturing. This research work will lead to clinical trials. 相似文献
108.
Bartus CM Lipof T Sarwar CM Vignati PV Johnson KH Sardella WV Cohen JL 《Diseases of the colon and rectum》2005,48(2):233-236
PURPOSE Traditionally, diverticular fistula was thought to be a contraindication for laparoscopic colectomy. The advent of hand-assisted laparoscopy has allowed repair of a diverticular fistula to be technically feasible laparoscopically. We present our experience with laparoscopic colectomy in patients with diverticular fistulas.METHODS Patients with colovesical or colovaginal fistulas secondary to diverticular disease were consecutively entered into a database over a five-year period. All operations were electively performed by a single group of colorectal surgeons. Patient demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, type of surgery, operating time, hospital length of stay, and early and late complications were recovered by chart review. These results were then compared to results from a group of patients who had undergone elective laparoscopic colectomy for recurrent diverticulitis during the same period by the same group of surgeons.RESULTS Altogether, 40 consecutive operations for diverticular fistulas were performed, 36 of which were started laparoscopically (90 percent). The average patient age was 65 years and the average American Society of Anesthesiologists class was 2. Patient demographics were similar among the group with recurrent diverticulitis (n = 149). The average hospital stay was 6.2 days for the fistula group and 4.4 days in the recurrent diverticulitis group. The average operating time was 220 minutes for the fistula group vs. 176 minutes for the uncomplicated group (P < 0.002). The conversion rate was significantly higher in the fistula group (25 percent vs. 5 percent, P < 0.001). There were no postoperative anastomotic leaks or bleeding episodes requiring reoperation in the fistula group.CONCLUSIONS Diverticular fistula should no longer be considered a contraindication for laparoscopic colectomy. These cases are more complex, as evidenced by the longer operating times and higher conversion rates when compared with resections for uncomplicated recurrent diverticulitis. Although the length of hospital stay was longer for patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy for diverticular fistula, those whose operations were completed laparoscopically had the same outcome as patients with uncomplicated disease. We anticipate that minimally invasive surgery will become the standard of care for colovesical fistula, as it now is for uncomplicated diverticular disease.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Dallas, Texas, May 8 to 13, 2004. 相似文献
109.
Computed tomography (CT) of the orbit is capable of demonstrating soft tissue structures not visualized yet by any other radiological modality. The possibility of obtaining direct coronal slices has added a new dimension to the study. Direct enlargement viewing on the display console reveals many anatomical details. For better evaluation of pathological findings, an accurate anatomical knowledge is required. The purpose of this study is to report on the normal anatomy of the orbital soft tissues made visible by CT, with emphasis on the coronal views. 相似文献
110.
Ozmen E Ogel K Aker T Sagduyu A Tamar D Boratav C 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2005,40(11):869-876
Background Although attitudes towards psychiatric illness influence its presentation, detection, recognition, treatment adherence and
rehabilitation, the lay public's opinions and beliefs about the treatment of depression have not been investigated sufficiently.
Objective The aim of this study was to determine public opinions and beliefs about the treatment of depression and the influence of
perception and causal attributions on attitudes towards treatment of depression in urban areas.
Methods This study was carried out with a representative sample in Istanbul, which is the biggest metropolis in Turkey. Seven hundred
and seven subjects completed the public survey form which consisted of 32 items rating attitudes towards depression.
Results The public believes that psychological and social interventions are more effective than pharmacotherapy, and that the medicines
used in treatment of depression are harmful and addictive. There was a general reluctance to consult a physician for depression,
and psychiatrists were felt to be more helpful than general practitioners. The public viewed depression as treatable. A high
educational level and perceiving depression as a disease is associated with positive beliefs and opinions about the treatment
of depression; but the perception of depressive patients as aggressive is associated with negative beliefs and opinions about
the treatment of depression.
Conclusion The beliefs that “psychological and social interventions are more effective than pharmacotherapy” and “antidepressants are
harmful and addictive” must specifically be taken into account in clinical practice and in anti-stigma campaigns. Additional
studies are needed to understand the public's tendency to conceptualise depression as a psychosocial problem. In clinical
practice, depression should be introduced as a bio-psychosocial disease whatever its cause: biological, psychological or social.
In addition, the differences between extreme worry and disease, and the lack of aggressiveness of depressive patients, must
be emphasised. 相似文献