Distinct prevalence of the CYP19 Delta3(TTTA)(7) allele in premenopausal versus postmenopausal breast cancer patients,but not in control individuals

The CYP19 gene encodes the enzyme aromatase, which plays a key role in the conversion of androgens to oestrogens. A polymorphism in CYP19 in intron 4 (TTTA)n has been reported to be associated with breast cancer (BC) risk, although conflicting evidence has also been published. Here, we employ a non-traditional, highly demonstrative design of a molecular epidemiological study, where the comparison of BC cases and healthy middle-aged female donors was supplemented by an analysis of groups with extreme characteristics of either BC risk (bilateral breast cancer (biBC) patients) or cancer tolerance (tumour-free elderly women aged >or=75 years). None of the (TTTA)n polymorphic variants was significantly overrepresented among the affected women compared with any of the control groups. However, a 3-bp deletion/insertion CYP19 polymorphism, which is located in the same intron approximately 50 bp upstream to the (TTTA)n repeat, was evidently associated with the menopausal status in both the BC and biBC cohorts. In particular, the Delta3(TTTA)(7) allele occurred significantly more frequently in premenopausal than in postmenopausal BC patients (65/172 (38%) versus 67/310 (22%); P=0.0001; Odds Ratio (OR)=2.20 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.46-3.32)), while the perimenopausal cases demonstrated an intermediate value (9/34 (26%)). In the biBC cohort, women who developed both tumours during their premenopausal period had a significantly higher prevalence of the Delta3(TTTA)(7) allele than patients with a postmenopausal onset of bilateral disease (16/46 (35%) versus 8/50 (16%); P=0.035; OR=2.80 (1.08-7.23)); those biBC patients, whose tumours were diagnosed before and after the cessation of menses, displayed an intermediate occurrence of the Delta3(TTTA)(7) allele (7/32 (22%)). Similar tendencies in the Delta3(TTTA)(7) allele distribution in BC and biBC patients suggest that its association with the menopausal status of the patients is truly non-random and thus this observation deserves further detailed investigation.     

同时测定乌梅中8种有机酸含量

目的：建立RP-HPLC同时测定乌梅中8种有机酸成分：草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、乳酸、醋酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸。方法：在C₁₈柱上,用（NH₄）H₂PO₄-H₃PO₄水溶液(pH 2.8)作流动相,紫外检测器检测（214 nm）,流动相流速为0.5 mL·min^-1。结果：分别建立了8种有机酸成分的回归方程。草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、乳酸、醋酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸的含量分别为1.29%,0.36%,1.82%,1.82%,2.09%,1.65%,16.0%,3.09%。结论：该方法操作简便,准确,快速,一次测定不超过10 min；不但可以作为中药乌梅有机酸成分的质量分析,也可用作为其他植物中有机酸的定量分析。     

高血压脑出血血肿周围组织血-脑屏障变化的动态观察

目的动态观察高血压脑出血血肿周围组织血-脑屏障的变化.方法对6例高血压脑出血患者实施立体定向血肿碎吸术,术中取血肿周围少许脑组织进行超微病理观察.结果血-脑屏障的损伤与出血时间的长短呈正比.脑出血后24h,可见星形胶质细胞肿胀,部分细胞崩解、坏死.毛细血管周围细胞足突肿胀,血-脑屏障损坏.72h,部分星形胶质细胞高度肿胀,细胞器溶解.毛细血管内皮细胞胞核增大,胞质突入管腔,内皮细胞间紧密连接消失.4～7d,星形细胞高度肿胀,胞质内充满水肿液,细胞器消失,细胞变性.毛细血管星形细胞足突明显肿胀,血管周围可见微小出血灶.结论血-脑屏障的变化与患者的预后有密切关系.     

几丁糖预防肘关节粘连的临床研究

目的　研究医用几丁糖预防肘关节粘连的临床作用。方法　对 2 6例肘关节僵硬患者进行手术松解 ,其中 12例术后关节腔内涂布 2 %几丁糖 ,另 14例术后不用几丁糖作为对照组 ,观察术后肘关节伸屈活动度改善程度以评定疗效。结果　 2 6例均获随访 ,随访时间 8～ 5 1个月 ,平均 2 4个月。几丁糖组术后肘关节平均活动度恢复到 92 .9°± 2 0 .9°,比术前增加 5 5 .0°± 15 .9°;对照组术后肘关节平均活动度恢复到 75 .4°± 17.5°,比术前增加38.2°± 11.9°。几丁糖组术后肘关节伸屈活动度增值明显大于对照组 ,有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　医用几丁糖具有减轻或预防肘关节松解术后再粘连的形成。     

胰头癌手术范围对预后的影响

目的: 探讨胰头癌切除范围对预后的影响。方法: 对比分析95例胰头癌患者中44例行经典胰十二指肠切除及51例行扩大胰十二指肠切除的生存期、手术并发症和死亡率等。结果: 扩大切除组和经典切除组术后1、3、5年存活率分别为72.5%、45%、17.5%和47.73%、19.35%、6.45%,两组间比较差异有显著性,扩大切除组1、3、5年存活率较经典切除组明显提高(P<0.05);两组手术并发症和死亡率 分 别 为 29.41%、5.88%和25%、4.55%,二者比较差异无显著性。结论: 扩大切除能改善胰头癌患者的预后。     

强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形矫形临床路径实施的变异程度分析

目的 通过分析强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形矫形临床路径实施的变异程度，研究该临床路径可能存在的不足并提出适当的改进方案。方法 收集自2012年1月至2013年12月的350例符合强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形矫形临床路径适应证的患者的资料，并根据变异的标准及类型进行统计分析。结果 350例病例中有290例发生变异，包括了16种变异情况，类型以负性变异、患者病情变化、不可控变异为主。结论 强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形矫形临床路径需要完善运行流程、制定详细的纳入和排除标准、同时加强社区医院及康复医院的相应诊疗过渡，从而更好地开展强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形矫形临床路径，最终提高患者医护质量、减少住院天数、降低住院费用。     

T_3对人神经干细胞分化过程中甲状腺激素受体表达的影响

目的　探讨三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3)在神经干细胞 (NSC)分化中的作用以及甲状腺激素受体(TR)mRNA在NSC分化过程中的表达变化。方法　在体外成功诱导扩增NSC ,用T3 对NSC进行诱导分化 ,半定量RT PCR法检测NSC在分化前后TRsmRNA的表达变化 ,免疫细胞化学方法鉴定分化后的细胞类型。结果　T3 可诱导NSC分化为神经元、少突和星形胶质细胞 ,其中髓鞘碱性蛋白 (MBP)阳性细胞约占 80 %。当NSC分化时存在不同的TRsmRNA的时间顺序表达。结论　T3 能诱导NSC向胶质细胞分化 ,是少突胶质细胞分化的重要调控因子 ,并通过TRs的时间顺序表达来发挥其重要生理作用