Applying self-determination theory towards motivational factors of physical activity in people undergoing haemodialyses: A qualitative interview study

Introduction

The level of physical activity of people undergoing haemodialyses is low, so understanding what factors underlie the motivation to be physically active in people undergoing haemodialyses is important. Therefore, this qualitative study aims to explore the different motivation types and corresponding basic psychological needs (BPNs) of people undergoing haemodialyses based on self-determination theory.

Methods

We adopted the objective sampling method to select 19 patients with the end-stage renal disease aged from 28 to 66 years old from a tertiary hospital in Xi'an. They underwent haemodialyses five to six times every 2 weeks for more than 3 months. Then, we conducted semistructured one-on-one interviews with 19 people undergoing haemodialyses using qualitative content analysis. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed on a thematic analysis.

Results

We analyzed four motivation types of patients, namely four themes, including entrenching in physical inactivity (Amotivation), breaking physical inactivity (Controlled motivation), finding one's way (Autonomous regulation) and enjoying the positive effects of physical activity (Intrinsic motivation). Each motivation is dominated by one or more BPNs. For example, inadequate Competence such as decreased physical function is the reason why the patient does not perform physical activities. Due to the lack of health education on physical activity, people undergoing haemodialyses often lack the motivation for controlled regulation. The motivation for self-regulation is generated by the patients' promotion of meeting BPNs, such as normal social interactions. The formation of patients' autonomous motivation can't be separated from the effective understanding felt by other patients, because their situations are similar. Enjoying physical activity promotes the formation of patients' intrinsic motivation and the maintenance of this behaviour.

Conclusion

Perceived Competence, Relatedness and Autonomous Motivation are important determinants for physical activity in people undergoing haemodialyses. Patients need to internalize the changed values and skills, so as to generate the motivation of self-regulation, rather than external or controlled forms of motivation regulation, to better maintain behaviour change.

Patient or Public Contribution

People undergoing haemodialyses were involved in the development of the interview topic guide to ensure all relevant topics were explored.     

Berberine ameliorates depression-like behavior in CUMS mice by activating TPH1 and inhibiting IDO1-associated with tryptophan metabolism

Berberine, which is a potential antidepressant, exhibits definite efficiency in modulating the gut microbiota. Depressive behaviors in mice induced using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) stimulation were evaluated by behavioral experiments. The markers of neurons and synapses were measured using immunohistochemical staining. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted to analyze serum inflammatory cytokines levels and neurotransmitters were evaluated by LC–MS/MS. Untargeted metabolomics of tryptophan metabolism was further performed using LC–MS/MS. The target enzymes of berberine involved in tryptophan metabolism were assayed using AutoDock and GRMACS softwares. Then, antibiotics was utilized to induce intestinal flora disturbance. Berberine improved the depressive behaviors of mice in a microbiota-dependent manner. Increased neurons and synaptic plasticity were observed following berberine treatment. Meanwhile, berberine decreased serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-4 and increased levels of IL-10. Moreover, berberine induced retraction of the abnormal neurotransmitters and metabolomics assays revealed that berberine promoted tryptophan biotransformation into serotonin and inhibited the kynurenine metabolism pathway, which was attributed to the potential agonist of tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). In conclusion, berberine improves depressive symptoms in CUMS-stimulated mice by targeting both TPH1 and IDO1, which are involved in tryptophan metabolism.     

社会办医的新时期：机遇、挑战与对策

国家对社会资本举办医疗机构的重视不断增强,社会办医的发展具备政策、经济和社会等方面的条件,社会办医发展不断加速.但加快发展社会办医仍然存在目标和定位不清、社会资本引入动力不足、可持续性发展困难、政府和市场角色混淆和监管不力等问题.本文在分析了社会办医发展现状的基础上明确了加快发展社会办医的机遇与挑战,并提出了应对挑战的对策建议,即拓宽社会办医的服务内容与人群、创造良好的资本进入环境、促进社会办医可持续性发展、明确政府和市场在社会办医中的职能和加强对社会办医的监管.     

芷归片对复方地芬诺酯便秘模型小鼠的治疗作用研究

目的:研究芷归片对复方地芬诺酯(DC)便秘模型小鼠的治疗作用。方法:昆明种小鼠雌雄各半按体重随机分为阴性对照组、模型组、阳性对照麻仁丸(6g·kg-1)组、芷归片低、中、高(1.8、3.6、7.2 g·kg-1)分别相当于生药量13.392、26.784、53.568 g·kg-1)剂量组,观察芷归片对复方地芬诺酯(DC)便秘模型小鼠小肠碳墨推进率、首次黑便排出时间和6 h排出黑便颗粒数的影响。结果:芷归片高剂量组可明显缩短小鼠首次排便时间(P<0.05),增加6 h排便颗粒数(P<0.05),并且能增加小肠碳墨推进率(P<0.05)。结论:芷归片能够有效的改善便秘症状,提高患者的生活质量。     

Risk Factors for Major Adverse Events of Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Lobectomy for Lung Cancer

Aims: The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for major adverse events of VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery) lobectomy for primary lung cancer.Methods: 1806 Patients (1032 males, 57.1%) planned to undergo VATS lobectomy for stage IA-IIIA lung cancer from July 2007 to June 2012. The Thoracic Morbidity and Mortality Classification TM&M system was used to evaluate the presence and severity of complications. Postoperative complications were observed during a 30-day follow up. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the independent risk factors for major adverse events.Results: Successful rate of VATS lobectomy was 97.6% (1763/1806). Major complications occurred in 129 patients (7.3%), with a mortality of 0.3% (5/1763). Pulmonary complications contribute up to 90.7% of the major complications and 80% of mortality. Logistic regression indicated that comorbidities, elder age ≥70y, operative time ≥240min and hybrid VATS were predictors for major adverse events (P<0.05). Hybrid and converted VATS lobectomy result in higher major adverse events compared with complete VATS, 15.1%, 20.9% and 7.4% respectively (P=0.013).Conclusions: The overall complication rate and mortality of VATS lobectomy are low, while major complications sometimes occur. Pulmonary complications are the most common major complications and cause of mortality. Age ≥70y, comorbidities, operative time ≥240min and Hybrid VATS are predictors of major adverse events.     

糖尿病重症脑梗死患者早期肠内营养的效果观察及护理

目的探讨早期肠内营养对2型糖尿病重症脑梗死患者身体功能恢复的效果。方法将84例患者随机分为观察组（42例）和对照组（42例）。对照组行肠外营养支持3～4d后予鼻饲流质,观察组行早期肠内营养,2周后评价效果。结果观察组营养状况、神经功能缺损程度评分显著优于对照组（均P〈0．05）。两组不良反应及并发症发生率（除外上消化道出血）比较,差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论早期肠内营养能够保持2型糖尿病重症脑梗死患者正常营养状态并有利于神经功能的恢复,且安全。     

中文版亲子互动-喂养量表的信效度初步研究

目的 引入并修订美国华盛顿大学的亲子互动-喂养量表,并在中国人群中进行信效度研究。方法 按照国际测试委员会指南,对原亲子互动-喂养量表进行翻译,形成中文版亲子互动-喂养量表(PCI-FS-C)。2018年6月—2019年1月方便抽样北京、银川、兰州和马鞍山市4所妇幼保健院,招募310例0～12个月母子对,采集婴儿一次完整喂养过程的视频,由经过美国华盛顿大学培训合格获得原版量表评估资质人员进行视频编码评分。抽样6例评估评分者信度;于14～21 d后随机抽样10%评估重测信度;随机抽样41例进行中文版婴儿-学步儿家庭环境观察评估表(IT-HOME-C)效标效度检验。使用多元线性回归进行区分效度分析。结果 共获得273例有效样本。总量表、照护者和婴儿量表内部一致性Cronbach′sα系数分别为0.846、0.805和0.690;总量表、照护者和婴儿量表的重测信度分别为0.847、0.778和0.480(P<0.01);总量表评分者信度Kendall相关性系数为0.860;PCI-FS-C的总分、照护者和婴儿量表总分与IT-HOME-C总分呈显著性中度正相关(r=0.526、0.506...