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11.
Steinar Aamdal Uta Bruntsch Jean Kerger Jaap Verweij Wim Bokkel Huinink Jantien Wanders Ram Rastogi Hillary R. Franklin Stan B. Kaye 《Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology》1997,40(5):439-443
The antitumor activity of zeniplatin, a third-generation, water-soluble platinum compound that has shown broad preclinical
antitumor activity and no significant nephrotoxicity in phase I trials, was tested in patients with advanced malignant melanoma
and advanced renal cancer. Patients who had not previously been treated, except with local limb perfusion and immunotherapy,
were given zeniplatin as bolus injections at 125 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. The main hematological toxicity was leukopenia (7/30 patients, WHO grade ≥ 3) and the main nonhematological
toxicity was nausea and vomiting (21/30 patients, WHO grade ≥ 2). Serious nephrotoxicity was observed early in the renal cancer
study and, later, also in the melanoma study. Hyperhydration did not prevent the nephrotoxicity, and the studies were stopped
after 6 renal cancer patients and 24 malignant melanoma patients had been included. Zeniplatin gave objective responses in
3 of the 21 evaluable malignant melanoma patients [2 complete responses (CRs) in patients with lymph-node metastases lasted
5 and 14 months, respectively; 1 partial response (PR) in a patient with lymph-node and liver metastases lasted 6 months].
In the renal cancer study, only four patients were evaluable for response and none responded. The results show that zeniplatin
has some activity (14%) in patients with advanced malignant melanoma, but no conclusion can be drawn regarding the activity
of zeniplatin in renal cancer as the number of patients was too low. The main toxicities were leukopenia and nausea and vomiting.
Unexpected and serious nephrotoxicity was observed, and for this reason the studies were terminated before the planned number
of patients had been included. A possible explanation for the nephrotoxicity may be drug interactions, but no firm conclusion
can yet be drawn.
Received: 16 March 1996 / Accepted: 25 March 1997 相似文献
12.
Tarja Anttila Leena Tenkanen Sonja Lumme Maija Leinonen Randi Elin Gislefoss G?ran Hallmans Steinar Thoresen Timo Hakulinen Tapio Luostarinen P?r Stattin Pekka Saikku Joakim Dillner Matti Lehtinen Matti Hakama 《Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention》2005,14(2):385-389
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the risk of prostate cancer by exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis. METHOD: Seven hundred thirty eight cases of prostate cancer and 2,271 matched controls were identified from three serum sample banks in Finland, Norway, and Sweden by linkage to the population based cancer registries. RESULTS: A statistically significant inverse association (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.94) was found. It was consistent by different serotypes and there was a consistent dose-response relationship. CONCLUSION: C. trachomatis infection is not likely to increase the risk of prostate cancer. Whether the inverse relationship is true or due to difficulties in measuring the true exposure in prostatic tissue by serology, confounders or other sources of error remain open. 相似文献
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Sensitivity of regression calibration to non‐perfect validation data with application to the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study 下载免费PDF全文
John P. Buonaccorsi Ingvild Dalen Petter Laake Anette Hjartåker Dagrun Engeset Magne Thoresen 《Statistics in medicine》2015,34(8):1389-1403
Measurement error occurs when we observe error‐prone surrogates, rather than true values. It is common in observational studies and especially so in epidemiology, in nutritional epidemiology in particular. Correcting for measurement error has become common, and regression calibration is the most popular way to account for measurement error in continuous covariates. We consider its use in the context where there are validation data, which are used to calibrate the true values given the observed covariates. We allow for the case that the true value itself may not be observed in the validation data, but instead, a so‐called reference measure is observed. The regression calibration method relies on certain assumptions.This paper examines possible biases in regression calibration estimators when some of these assumptions are violated. More specifically, we allow for the fact that (i) the reference measure may not necessarily be an ‘alloyed gold standard’ (i.e., unbiased) for the true value; (ii) there may be correlated random subject effects contributing to the surrogate and reference measures in the validation data; and (iii) the calibration model itself may not be the same in the validation study as in the main study; that is, it is not transportable. We expand on previous work to provide a general result, which characterizes potential bias in the regression calibration estimators as a result of any combination of the violations aforementioned. We then illustrate some of the general results with data from the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Ovrebø KK Svanes K Aase S Grong K Kvinnsland S Sørbye H 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2002,47(10):2354-2369
The mucosal changes by which duodenogastric reflux may predispose to gastric cancer have not been fully clarified. In this study in rats, duodenal fluid was directed into the stomach through a gastroenterostomy (jejunal reflux, N = 29) or through the pylorus (pyloric reflux, N = 30) and compared with 30 controls. Twenty-four weeks later the stomach was exposed to N-[3H]methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine ([3H]MNNG). The corpus mucosa was examined for proliferating cells (bromodeoxyuridine labeled) and cells at risk of methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced carcinogenesis (cells labeled with bromodeoxyuridine and [3H]MNNG). The number of double-labeled cells increased from 0.8 ± 0.1/mm mucosa in the control group to 5.2 ± 0.9 in the jejunal reflux group (P < 0.05) and 2.7 ± 0.5 in the pyloric reflux group (P < 0.05). An erosion or ulcer appeared at the gastroenterostomy in 52% of animals with jejunal reflux and 17% of those with pyloric reflux (P < 0.006). Within erosions the mean number of double-labeled cells was 9.6 ± 2.2 in the jejunal reflux group and 7.7 ± 4.8 in the pyloric reflux group, and significantly higher than in the nonlesion area of the mucosa (0.6 ± 0.2 and 0.8 ± 0.3). In erosions the distance between the gastric lumen and the proliferating cells was significantly shorter and the cell proliferation significantly higher than in the nonlesion area of the mucosa. We conclude that duodenogastric reflux increases the penetration of [3H]MNNG into the corpus mucosa of rats and also induces mucosa lesions, which further increase the penetration of [3H]MNNG into the corpus mucosa. 相似文献
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Stocks T Van Hemelrijck M Manjer J Bjørge T Ulmer H Hallmans G Lindkvist B Selmer R Nagel G Tretli S Concin H Engeland A Jonsson H Stattin P 《Hypertension》2012,59(4):802-810
Observational studies have shown inconsistent results for the association between blood pressure and cancer risk. We investigated the association in 7 cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden. In total, 577799 adults with a mean age of 44 years were followed for, on average, 12 years. Incident cancers were 22184 in men and 14744 in women, and cancer deaths were 8724 and 4525, respectively. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios of cancer per 10-mmHg increments of midblood pressure, which corresponded with 0.7 SDs and, for example, an increment of systolic/diastolic blood pressure of 130/80 to 142/88 mmHg. All of the models used age as the time scale and were adjusted for possible confounders, including body mass index and smoking status. In men, midblood pressure was positively related to total incident cancer (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg increment: 1.07 [95% CI: 1.04-1.09]) and to cancer of the oropharynx, colon, rectum, lung, bladder, kidney, malignant melanoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. In women, midblood pressure was not related to total incident cancer but was positively related to cancer of the liver, pancreas, cervix, uterine corpus, and malignant melanoma. A positive association was also found for cancer mortality, with HRs per 10-mmHg increment of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.08-1.15) for men and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02-1.11) for women. These results suggest a small increased cancer risk overall in men with elevated blood pressure level and a higher risk for cancer death in men and women. 相似文献
19.
Olafsdottir LB Gudjonsson H Jonsdottir HH Jonsson JS Bjornsson E Thjodleifsson B 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2012,18(28):3715-3720
AIM: To study if and how physicians use the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) diagnostic criteria and to assess treatment strategies in IBS patients. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 191 physicians regarding IBS criteria, diagnostic methods and treatment. Furthermore, 94 patients who were diagnosed with IBS underwent telephone interview. RESULTS: A total of 80/191 (41.9%) physicians responded to the survey. Overall, 13 patients were diag-nosed monthly with IBS by specialists in gastroenterology (SGs) and 2.5 patients by general practitioners (GPs). All the SGs knew of the criteria to diagnose IBS, as did 46/70 (65.7%) GPs. Seventy-nine percent used the patient’s history, 38% used a physical examination, and 38% exclusion of other diseases to diagnose IBS. Only 18/80 (22.5%) physicians used specific IBS criteria. Of the patients interviewed, 59/94 (62.8%) knew they had experienced IBS. Two out of five patients knew IBS and had seen a physician because of IBS symptoms. Half of those received a diagnosis of IBS. A total of 13% were satisfied with treatment. IBS affected daily activities in 43% of cases. CONCLUSION: Half of the patients with IBS who consulted a physician received a diagnosis. Awareness and knowledge of diagnostic criteria for IBS differ between SGs and GPs. 相似文献
20.
Maryann Stenvik Ole Tjomsland Steinar Lien Sigurd Gunnes Idar Kirkeby-Garstad 《Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ》2013,47(4):234-237
Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of an additional subcutaneous suture line on the incidence of postoperative (p.o.) infection at the vena saphena magna harvesting site (VSMHS) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods. Two hundred and forty three patients undergoing CABG were included. Patients in Group A (n?=?119) all operated by one physical assistant (PA) were prospectively randomised into Group A1 (n?=?59) receiving intracutaneous closure suture alone whereas 60 patients (Group A2) received an additional subcutaneous suture line. Group B (n?=?120), operated by surgical residents, served as control population. All patients were due to follow-up at six weeks p.o. Results. Subcutaneous suture did not impact the p.o. infection rate (A2 vs. A1; 4/60 vs. 2/59, n.s.). A significant lower p.o. infection rate was observed in Group A vs. Group B (6/119 (5%) vs. 15/120 (13%) p?<?0.05). Conclusion. Subcutaneous suture did not impact the p.o. infection rate at VSMHS. The infection rate observed in patients operated by an experienced PA was significantly lower than in patients operated by various surgical residents. 相似文献