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排序方式: 共有882条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Nanosuspension for improving the bioavailability of a poorly soluble drug and screening of stabilizing agents to inhibit crystal growth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this study was to develop a nanosuspension of a poorly soluble drug by nanomilling process using wet media milling to achieve superior in vitro dissolution and high in vivo exposure in pharmacokinetic studies. A promising nanosuspension was developed with Vitamin E TPGS based formulation with particle size in the nano range. Although the formulation showed significant improvement during in vitro dissolution and in vivo plasma level, probably due to the strong hydrophobic interaction between Vitamin TPGS and the drug molecule, crystal growth was observed during stability studies. A systematic study was done with different combinations of solubilizer/stabilizer system in order to obtain a more stable nanosuspension. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 3 cps) was found to stabilize the nanosuspension by better surface coverage due to stronger interaction with the drug as compared to other stabilizers used in this study. 相似文献
62.
Rudra S Chakrabarty P Hossain MA Akhter H Bhuiyan MR 《Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ》2010,19(4):515-519
To determine changes (Trends) in infection rates of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood donors of Khulna Population. Specimens of 34953 voluntary blood donors & party or relative donors in Transfusion Medicine Department of Khulna Medical College Hospital from 2007 to 2009 were screened for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV 1 & 2 reactivity in a cross-sectional survey by rapid test method. Reactive samples were verified using a recognized confirmatory test which consisted of a second generation enzyme immune assay (HBsAg), anti-HCV antibodies by anti-HCV EIA & for HIV by western Blot, respectively. The seroprevalence of HBsAg, Anti-HCV, HIV antibody 1 & 2 was 1.4%, 0.09% & 0.03% respectively in all blood donors. Prevalence of confirmed positivity was 0.62% for HBsAg, 0.04 % for Anti-HCV, 0.02% for HIV Western Blot. Between 2007 to 2009 a decreasing trend was observed in HBsAg frequency, HCV frequency decreased in 2009 compared to 2007. One HIV positivity found in 2009. Although the frequency of transfusion transmitted infections is low, party or relative donors have some risk factors than voluntary blood donors. Through more scrutiny in donor selection, improved serological test & reevaluation of infections routes in donor, infection reduction can be achieved. 相似文献
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The soluble factors produced either by Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) or thymic adherent cells (TAC) of tumor-bearing mice comprising of CD11b(+) and CD11c(+) antigen-presenting cells caused a sharp decrease in prolactin (PRL)-induced ConA-mediated effect on survival of PNA(+) thymocytes. Similar suppression of PRL-induced effect was observed when the cells were cocultured with TAC of EAC-bearing mice. Anti-IL-10 antibody could reverse the PRL inability to induce ConA-mediated effect on PNA(+) thymocyte survival, indicating the presence of IL-10 in EAC culture supernatant (EAC sup) and thymic microenvironment. IL-10 could block PRL-induced proliferation of PNA(+) thymocytes without affecting spontaneous apoptosis. IL-10 altered the expression of the long-form (LF) of PRL-R and reduced the PRL binding of the cells, suggesting down-regulation of the PRL effect on PNA(+) thymocyte by the cytokine. Induction of tumor, which was found to increase the IL-10 secretion by TAC, also modified the PRL-R (LF) to PRL-R (SF). Since PRL plays a role in survival, proliferation and differentiation of lymphoid progenitor cells, the tuning of PRL action by IL-10 may be a possible mechanism of depletion of immature cortical thymocytes and thymic atrophy in tumor-bearing mice. 相似文献
65.
Badhe RV Nanda RK Kulkarni MB Bhujbal MN Patil PS Badhe SR 《Hindustan antibiotics bulletin》2009,51(1-4):17-23
Production of an anti-inflammatory enzyme serratiopeptidase by fermentation with Serratia marcescens ATCC 13880 was studied to ascertain optimal nutritional conditions for large scale production. To study biosynthesis and production of serratiopeptidase by Serratia marcescens ATCC 13880, different physicochemical parameters were studied and optimized. The optimized medium contain, (g/l) glycerine 10.0, maltose 10.0 as carbon source, peptone 10.0 as organic nitrogen source, ammonium sulphate 10.0 as inorganic nitrogen source, dihydrogen phosphate 10.0, sodium bicarbonate 10.0, sodium acetate 10.0 as inorganic salt source, ascorbic acid 10.0 as stabilizer, distilled water 1000 ml and the optimized fermentation conditions were pH 7.0, temperature 37 degrees C and duration 24 hr. The modified fermentation medium produced 27.36 IU/ml of serratiopeptidase compared to 17.97 IU/ml in basal medium and the molecular weight of the purified serratiopeptidase was found to be 52 kD. 相似文献
66.
Sonali Praful Jatale Sambhaji Govind Chintale Vilas Rambhau Kirdak Kaleem Azimoddin Shaikh 《Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery》2021,73(3):271
Cadaveric dissections helps aspiring ear surgeon to learn anatomy of temporal bone so as to avoid injury to the many vital structures. Objectives are to study the course of facial nerve and its variation in 50 cases of temporal bone dissection. To study the various parameter of the tympanomastoid segments of facial nerve, its relation with the important middle ear structures and their variations. To study the incidence of anatomical variations such as dehiscence of bony canal of facial nerve, bony overhang in the oval window region. The Current study was conducted at Dept. of ENT Temporal bone lab. 50 temporal bones were dissected to study the various parameters of the tympano-mastoid segments of the facial nerve, its relations with the important middle ear structures and their anomalies. The present study was carried out from Jan 2016 to Jan 2019. Out of 50 bones dissected, 44 (88%) bones were well pneumatised and 6(12%) bones were sclerotic. Length of the tympanic segment varied from 7.8 to 11.88 mm with a mean of 9.47 mm (± 1.06 mm). In 17 bones (34%) length of the mastoid segment was 13.1–14 mm, in 12 bones (24%) the length was 14.1–15 mm, while in 10 bones (20%) it was 12–13 mm. In 6 bones (12%) it was 15.1–16 mm and < 12 mm in 5 other bones (10%). The distance of second genu from outer cortex varied from 17.87–23.67 mm with a mean of 19.64 mm (± 1.42 mm).Distance of chorda tympani from stylomastoid foramina varied from 3.4–7.8 mm with a mean of 5.69 mm (± 1.51 mm). The study has provided knowledge of anatomy of temporal bone and its pneumatization pattern, the anatomy of the facial nerve, its variations and their incidence, relation of various middle ear landmarks with the facial nerve and proficiency in dissection. 相似文献
67.
BACKGROUND Patients and providers may be reluctant to escalate to insulin therapy despite inadequate glycemic control.
OBJECTIVES To determine the proportion of patients attaining and maintaining glycemic targets after initiating sulfonylurea and metformin
oral combination therapy (SU/MET); to assess insulin initiation among patients failing SU/MET; and to estimate the glycemic
burden incurred, stratified by whether HbA1c goal was attained and maintained.
DESIGN Longitudinal observational cohort study.
SUBJECTS Type 2 diabetes patients, 3,891, who newly initiated SU/MET between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2000.
MEASUREMENTS Subjects were followed until insulin was added, health plan disenrolment, or until 31 December 2005. We calculated the number
of months subjects continued SU/MET therapy alone, in total, and during periods of inadequate glycemic control; the A1C reached
during those time periods; and total glycemic burden, defined as the estimated cumulative monthly difference between measured
A1C and 8%.
RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 54.6 ± 28.6 months, 41.9% of the subjects added insulin, and 11.8% received maximal doses of both
oral agents. Over half of SU/MET patients attained but failed to maintain A1C of 8%, yet continued SU/MET therapy for an average
of nearly 3 years, sustaining glycemic burden equivalent to nearly 32 months of A1C levels of 9%. Another 18% of patients
never attained the 8% goal with SU/MET, yet continued that therapy for an average of 30 months, reaching mean A1C levels of
10%.
CONCLUSIONS Despite inadequate glycemic control, a minority of patients added insulin or maximized oral agent doses, thus, incurring substantial
glycemic burden on SU/MET. Additional studies are needed to examine the benefits of rapid titration to maximum doses and earlier
initiation of insulin therapy.
Supported by a research grant from Pfizer, Inc.
Presented in poster form at the American Diabetes Association 66th Annual Meetings, June, 2006. 相似文献
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69.
Farrah Fang Janet Kemp Arshdeep Jawandha Jakub Juros Laura Long Sonali Nanayakkara Christian Stepansky L Brian Thompson Joan Anzia 《Academic psychiatry》2007,31(5):340-344
OBJECTIVE: The authors reviewed the current literature for psychiatry residents' reactions to the suicide of a patient. This review also examines the responses of training programs to residents after such an incident. METHOD: Using Ovid Medline, the authors conducted a review of the scientific literature from 1966 to 2006, with search phrases consisting of: "patient suicide," "residency training programs," "psychiatry residents," and "therapists-in-training." RESULTS: There are a limited number of studies exploring residents' experiences following a patient suicide. Furthermore, only two studies examined the supportive measures that U.S. psychiatry training programs provide for residents afterwards. The few studies published suggest that the suicide of a patient is quite common during training and that residents undergo significant levels of psychological stress. Residency programs have yet to establish formal training and support systems to help trainees deal with these stressors. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this review support further investigation into the effects of patient suicide on residents and the implementation of formal supports within psychiatry training. 相似文献
70.