Ontogeny of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the brain and hypophysis of the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis

The ontogeny of gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone (gamma-MSH)-like immunoreactive (gamma-MSHI) structures in the brain and hypophysis was investigated in the rat by means of indirect immunofluorescence. gamma-MSHI neurons in the arcuate nucleus appeared at Day 13 of gestation, in the anterior hypophysis at Day 16, in the intermediate lobe at Day 18, and in the nucleus commissuralis after birth. gamma-MSHI fibers first appeared at Day 15 of gestation in the hypothalamic area and extended dorsally to reach the surface of the diencephalon. At Day 16 of gestation, another gamma-MSHI fiber bundle was found that ran laterally along the ventral surface of the diencephalon. At Day 19, immunoreactive fibers first appeared in the forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain and upper pons, and thereafter they increased in number, reaching a maximum at postnatal Day 15. gamma-MSHI fibers in the lower pons and medulla oblongata first appeared after birth. They also increased in number with age and reached a maximum at postnatal Day 15. The present ontogenetical study has demonstrated the different times of first appearance of each of the 3 major gamma-MSHI structures-containing cell groups in the brain, i.e., the arcuate nucleus, hypophysis and nucleus commissuralis. These findings may reflect the different functions of 3 groups of cells.     

铁路乘客乘车期间健康教育需求调查

目的调查铁路旅客乘车期间对健康教育的需求情况，为开展以列车为场所的健康教育可行性提供依据。方法选取3种车型6组列车。按照系统抽样原则，根据车厢编号随机抽取3～4节车厢，对乘客进行问卷调查，调查结果进行统计分析。结果收回有效调查问卷2204份，选择乘车期间有必要进行健康教育的为91．06％，教育需求列前3位依次是“与乘车相关的健康知识”91．42％，“预防传染病的知识”90．81％，“食品卫生与营养知识”88．96％。选择健康教育方式：51．66％的乘客选择“提供学习、宣传资料”，47．91％选择列车上广播。不同车次间乘客对健康教育内容需求差异无显著性。结论乘客对列车上开展健康教育需求很高，健康教育内容集中在与乘车相关健康知识和传染病的预防知识上，分别达到90％以上。健康教育的方式以提供学习资料和列车广播宣传为主。     

我省医学临床教学基地建设的现状与思考

对我省医学临床教学基地评审结果进行分析，就大部分基地教学意识不强、教学设施不完善、教学条件有待改善、师资队伍素质水平不高等问题进行了阐述，并针对存在的问题提出建议和思考，从建章立制规范管理、加强建设、提供保障、重视培训、提高素质、强化管理、创新机制等方面进行探索，希望能使我省医学临床教学基地质量得以提高、完善，为我省培养一流的医学专业人才奠定基础．     

无痛麻醉在拔牙术中的临床应用

目的：评价无痛麻醉技术的临床麻醉效果，寻求一种更有利于手术进行的局麻技术。方法：选择120例就诊于齿槽外科门诊需要拔牙的患者，将其随机分为对照组和实验组，每组60例。对照组施常规局麻，实施组施无痛麻醉技术，观察每组麻醉结束、术中及术后的血压、心率变化。结果：对照组与实验组对比，术中、术后观测指标的变化无显著性差异，麻醉结束后的观测指标15以下者无显著性差异，15岁以上者有显著性差异。结论：无痛麻醉技术与常规的局麻技术一样可以达到麻醉的目的，无痛麻醉可减少麻醉注射中因疼痛所引起的血压、心率的变化。     

高频超声在小儿腹股沟斜疝手术治疗中的价值

目的　探讨高频超声检测小儿腹股沟斜疝腹股沟管扩张程度对于选择手术方式的价值。　方法　回顾分析 4 88例施行单纯疝囊高位结扎手术的小儿腹股沟斜疝超声检测的腹股沟管扩张最大内径 ,分组追踪其术后斜疝复发率。　结果　腹股沟管扩张最大内径 >1.5 cm的一组病例术后复发率明显增高。　结论　高频超声检测腹股沟管扩张最大内径 >1.5 cm的小儿腹股沟斜疝有必要行斜疝修补术 ,减少复发率 ,为临床医师提供有价值的客观指标     

流式细胞术检测非小细胞肺癌患者骨髓微转移

目的　应用流式细胞术检测非小细胞肺癌患者骨髓中的微转移。方法　骨髓经Ficoll梯度离心分离单核细胞后,用细胞角蛋白 19(Cytokeratin, CK19)单克隆抗体染色,应用流式细胞仪检测。结果　检测了 96例肺癌患者骨髓,发现 25例患者骨髓中有微转移。20例肺良性病变患者、10例正常人骨髓均无微转移。肺癌患者阳性率与患者病理分期、分化程度和细胞组织学类型密切相关 (P<0. 05)。结论　应用流式细胞术检测非小细胞肺癌患者骨髓中的微转移,有助于肺癌的综合治疗。     

Breast Volume Measurement in Young Chinese Women and Clinical Applications

The authors carried out research on breast volume and body surface anatomy of 125 women. As a result, an average breast volume for Chinese women was obtained (325.36 ± 12.66 ml), and a table with several linear equations for calculating breast volume was derived. The authors applied these results to their clinical work and succeeded in making mammaplasty more precise in 178 patients.     

Dopa-responsive parkinsonism secondary to right temporal lobe haemorrahage.

A 46-year-old man developed a symmetrical parkinsonian syndrome 7 weeks after large right temporal intracerebral haemorrhage resulting from a ruptured arteriovenous malformation. His signs included bradykinesia, rigidity, start hesitation, and poor postural reflexes, without a resting tremor. He also had signs of a Parinaud's syndrome. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated changes in the right temporal lobe associated with the haemorrhage but no abnormality of the basal ganglia or midbrain. Levodopa therapy produced a dramatic improvement within a few days of commencement. We postulate that the parkinsonism resulted from midbrain compression secondary to transtentorial herniation. Although parkinsonism is a rare complication of lobar intracerebral haemorrhage, it is important to recognise as it may be potentially treatable.     

Tonsil cryptolysis usingCO2 Swiftlase

Treatment for inflammation of the tonsils has taken a variety of therapeutic forms over the years, ranging from the application of iodine and massage in the preantibiotic era to the tonsillectomy, which prevails today. The architecture of the cryptic tonsil, its clinical implications, and the rationale for a conservative, yet effective treatment modality focusing on the tonsillar crypts are addressed in this article. Also described are the procedures and results of a retrospective clinical study in which conventional tonsillectomy was compared with CO₂ SwiftLase cryptolysis. Although our observations are not based on a prospective, controlled study, the information disseminated here may be useful to otolaryngologists who routinely perform tonsillectomy in their practice, using conventional surgical dissection methods or the CO₂ laser. According to our experience with a population of 120 patients, cryptolysis offers some clear advantages, particularly when performed with the SwiftLase apparatus. The procedure can be performed safely in an ambulatory surgery or office setting under local anesthesia. The cooperative patient avoids the cost and risks of general anesthesia. Limited tissue destruction significantly reduces operative and postoperative complications, discomfort, and recovery time. To conclude, CO₂ SwiftLase cryptolysis is a safe and cost-effective method of treating tonsil pathology without unnecessary sacrifice of the organ, and undue risks and expenses to the patient.^11,12     

Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered sodium dichloroacetate in rabbits

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