雌激素受体α对血小板 Aβ所诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨血小板β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）在动脉粥样硬化（AS）发生中的作用机制以及雌激素受体α（ERα）对血小板淀粉样前体蛋白（APP）代谢的调节作用。方法：分别提取12只6月龄 APP / PS1鼠和6只同月龄野生型小鼠的血小板。将所获得的血小板分为3组：正常对照组、APP / PS1组和 APP / PS1+ ERα激动剂（PPT）组。在 APP / PS1+PPT 组的血小板悬液中加入 PPT 溶液;在正常对照组和 APP / PS1组的血小板悬液中加入等量生理盐水。ELISA 法检测各组血小板释放 Aβ的量以及α、β内分泌酶活性;离心提取各组血小板悬液的上清,并将其加入主动脉内皮细胞的培养液中,用流式细胞仪 JC-1法检测主动脉内皮细胞线粒体膜电位。结果：与正常对照组相比,APP / PS1组血小板释放 Aβ的量明显增加（P﹤0.01）;APP /PS1+PPT 组血小板释放 Aβ的量与 APP / PS1组血小板相比明显减少（P﹤0.01）;APP / PS1+PPT 组血小板而α内分泌酶活性较 APP / PS1组增强（P﹤0.01）;与对照组血小板的上清相比,APP / PS1组血小板上清可增强血管内皮细胞线粒体膜电位的去极化（P﹤0.01）。相比之下,APP / PS1+PPT 组血小板的上清对血管内皮细胞线粒体膜电位的作用较 APP / PS1组血小板的上清明显减弱（P﹤0.01）。结论：血小板 Aβ的过度生成可导致内皮细胞凋亡,这可能是血小板 Aβ促进 AS 形成的机制之一。激活 ERα可通过增强α分泌酶介导的血小板 APP 代谢减少血小板 Aβ的生成,为 AS 的防治提供了新思路和新途径。     

普米克令舒和可必特雾化吸入治疗哮喘性支气管炎的临床分析

目的：探讨普米克令舒和可必特雾化吸入治疗哮喘性支气管炎的临床效果。方法：选取2012年10月～2013年10月在我院治疗的哮喘性支气管炎患者96例,随机分组,观察组48例采用普米克令舒联合可必特雾化吸入治疗,对照组单纯采用普米克令舒雾化吸入治疗,观察疗效并对比分析。结果：观察组的总有效率为97.8%,对照组总有效率为71.7%,差异显著（P＜0.05）,具有统计学意义。对比治疗期间两组患者临床症状好转时间,观察组优于对照组,指标差异显著（P＜0.05）,具有统计学意义。结论：临床治疗哮喘性支气管炎采用普米克令舒联合可必特雾化吸入治疗,具有见效快、效率高的优势。     

EGCG对去势雌性大鼠骨量丢失的预防作用

目的:研究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯[(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate,EGCG]早期预防雌性去势大鼠骨量丢失的作用?方法:12周龄雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠分为3组:A组,双侧卵巢切除去势术后第3天开始连续12周以10 mg/(kg?d) EGCG腹腔内注射;B组,仅接受双侧卵巢切除去势术,不接受EGCG干预;C组,假手术组,不接受EGCG干预?在实验终点时刻(24周龄)制作大鼠胫骨和股骨的离体标本用于micro-CT扫描,测量骨密度(BMD)和相关骨形态学参数:松质骨骨组织总量(total bone volume,TV)?骨量(bone volume,BV)?骨体积分数?平均骨小梁厚度?平均骨小梁数量和骨小梁分离度?皮质骨厚度和皮质骨骨体积分数;并对大鼠股骨远端骨组织进行HE染色?结果:根据micro-CT分析,A组大鼠的BMD和骨体积分数显著高于B组(P < 0.05)?A组松质骨分离度显著低于B组(P < 0.05)?其余骨形态学参数3组之间无统计学差异(P > 0.05)?骨组织学研究显示C组松质骨密度较A组和B组更加致密,A组松质骨密度则介于B组和C组之间?结论:EGCG在延缓雌性大鼠骨量丢失方面有积极作用,但是在年轻的雌性大鼠卵巢切除去势后以10 mg/(kg?d)的剂量预防性腹腔注射EGCG并不能完全恢复丢失的骨量?     

柚皮素对人支气管上皮细胞趋化因子生成的影响及机制研究

目的观察柚皮素对人支气管上皮细胞趋化因子生成的影响,并研究其可能的机制。方法培养人支气管上皮细胞,分为对照组、瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)组、柚皮素低剂量组、柚皮素中剂量组和柚皮素高剂量组。柚皮素干预组分别与2.5、5和10μmol/L的柚皮素共孵育2 h后,与TNF-α组一起加入TNF-α进行刺激。24 h后用ELISA方法检测各组细胞上清液中Eotaxin及RANTES的表达,Western blot法检测细胞中IκBα含量;另外在反应30 min时,用EMSA法检测核转录因子κB(NF-κB)的DNA结合活性。结果 TNF-α组的趋化因子水平较对照组明显增高。随着柚皮素干预剂量的增大,趋化因子水平明显降低。柚皮素能抑制IκBα降解,并能降低NF-κB的DNA结合活性。结论柚皮素可能通过抑制NF-κB的活性来影响人支气管上皮炎性趋化因子的生成。     

星状神经节阻滞联合丁咯地尔治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的临床观察

目的：观察星状神经节阻滞联合丁咯地尔治疗椎动脉型颈椎病（CSA）的临床效果。方法将120例 CSA 患者分为研究组与对照组,每组60例。研究组给予神经节阻滞联合丁咯地尔静脉注射治疗,对照组单纯采用丁咯地尔静脉注射治疗。测定并比较两组治疗前后椎动脉和基底动脉平均血流速度,观察两组患者治疗效果。结果治疗后,研究组总有效率为95．00％显著高于对照组的71．67％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝24．474,P ＜0．05）。两组治疗后的椎动脉血流速度较治疗前均明显提升,差异有统计学意义（均 P ＜0．05）;研究组椎动脉血流速度为（38．44±2．20）cm／s 明显高于对照组的（34．36±3．50）cm／s,差异有统计学意义（t＝7．645,P ＜0．05）。两组治疗后基底动脉血流速度较治疗前有均明显提升,差异有统计学意义（均 P ＜0．05）,研究组治疗后椎动脉血流速度（56．34±4．10）cm／s 明显高于对照组的（47．69±3．90）cm／s,差异有统计学意义（t ＝11．841,P ＜0．05）。结论星状神经节阻滞联合丁咯地尔治疗椎动脉型颈椎病临床疗效明显,较单纯采用药物有显著优势,值得进一步推广。     

Observing implantable collamer lens dislocation by panoramic ultrasound biomicroscopy

Purpose

Observe the image characteristics and dislocation of implantable collamer lenses (ICL) following their use to correct high myopia.

Methods

A total of 127 patients (242 eyes); 64 females (50.3%) and 63 males (49.7%) were included in this retrospective study with ICL V4 implantation and mean spherical equivalent −9.08±2.04 diopters (D). Panoramic ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was utilized to observe anterior segment morphology and ICL location at various follow-up periods (1 week preoperative, followed by 1, 3, 6, and yearly postoperative).

Results

Twenty-eight ICL eyes (11.2%) were noted to have abnormal postoperative positioning. The central vault of 12 eyes was too high with ICL decentration, mean central vault 1.14±0.39 mm; 10 eyes were too low but without ICL decentration, mean central vault 0.13±0.11 mm. The remaining subjects were only ICL decentration without abnormal central vault, mean central vault was 0.54±0.28 mm.

Conclusions

This study shows the abnormal characteristics regarding ICL locations. The ICL dislocation closely correlates with the central vault. The ICL dislocation is the primary cause of several postoperative complications. Panoramic UBM is one of the most effective imaging means to observe the ICL positioning and its stability after implantable surgery.     

Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Obesity in Older People in China: Data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)

Background: No studies have been conducted to explore the associations between dietary patterns and obesity among older Chinese people, by considering gender and urbanization level differences. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey (2745 individuals, aged ≥ 60 years). Dietary data were obtained using 24 h-recall over three consecutive days. Height, Body Weight, and Waist Circumference were measured. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Multinomial and Poisson regression models were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and Body Mass Index (BMI) status/central obesity. Results: The prevalence of general and central obesity was 9.5% and 53.4%. Traditional dietary pattern (high intake of rice, pork and vegetables) was inversely associated with general/central obesity; modern dietary pattern (high intake of fruit, fast food, and processed meat) was positively associated with general/central obesity. The highest quartile of traditional dietary pattern had a lower risk of general/central obesity compared with the lowest quartile, while an inverse picture was found for the modern dietary pattern. These associations were consistent by gender and urbanization levels. Conclusions: Dietary patterns are associated with general/central obesity in older Chinese. This study reinforces the importance of a healthy diet in promoting healthy ageing in China.     

Quantitative toxicoproteomic analysis of zebrafish embryos exposed to a retinoid X receptor antagonist UVI3003

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonists, including some environmental endocrine disruptors, have a teratogenic effect on vertebrate embryos. To investigate the toxicological mechanism on the protein expression level, a quantitative proteomic study was conducted to analyze the proteome alterations of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to gradient concentrations of a representative RXR antagonist UVI3003. Using isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling coupled nano high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (nano HPLC‐MS/MS), in total 6592 proteins were identified, among which 195 proteins were found to be differentially expressed by more than a two‐fold change in exposed groups compared with the control. Gene ontology analysis showed that these differential proteins were mostly involved in anatomical structure development, biosynthetic process, ion binding and oxidoreductase activity. Moreover, the biological pathways of translation, lipoprotein metabolism, cell survival and gluconeogenesis were intensively inhibited after exposure. Some significantly downregulated proteins such as apolipoprotein A‐I and vitellogenin and upregulated proteins such as calcium activated nucleotidase 1b, glutathione S‐transferase and glucose 6‐dehydrogenases showed a strong dose‐dependent response. The results provided new insight into the molecular details of RXR antagonist‐induced teratogenicity and added novel information of pathways and potential biomarkers for evaluation of RXR interfering activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.