The Anti-Leu4 (CD3) Monoclonal Antibody Reacts with Proximal Tubular Cells of the Human Kidney

A recent observation that certain kidney tubular cells, especially those in the normal kidney, were positively stained with the anti-Leu4 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) led us to investigate systematically the reactivity of three different anti-CD3 MoAb with a panel of normal human kidneys. Using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining techniques, the anti-Leu4 MoAb was found to react with proximal tubular cells in all eight examined kidneys, while no tubular-cell reactivity was observed with the OKT3 or DAKO-T3 MoAb. In each kidney, however, all three antibodies reacted with a similar number of occasionally encountered T cells. The G11 MoAb, which has been reported to react with a calcium receptor-associated molecule, and the anti-Leu4 MoAb showed almost identical patterns of tubular-cell reactivity. The observed co-distribution of Leu4-expressing structures with a putative Ca2+ sensor in the kidney and the fact that binding of anti-Leu4 to T cells induces Ca2+-mediated signal transduction, warrant further studies on a potential role of Leu4-expressing structures in Ca2+ regulation of proximal tubular cells.     

Diving accidents treated at a military hospital-based recompression chamber facility in Peninsular Malaysia

This paper describes the pattern of diving accidents treated in a military hospital-based recompression chamber facility in Peninsular Malaysia. A retrospective study was carried out to utilize secondary data from the respective hospital medical records from 1st January 1996 to 31st December 2004. A total of 179 cases categorized as diving accidents received treatment with an average of 20 cases per year. Out of 179 cases, 96.3% (n = 173) received recompression treatment. Majority were males (93.3%), civilians (87.2%) and non-Malaysian citizens (59.2%). Commercial diving activities contributed the highest percentage of diving accidents (48.0%), followed by recreational (39.2%) and military (12.8%). Diving accidents due to commercial diving (n = 86) were mainly contributed by underwater logging activities (87.2%). The most common cases sustained were decompression illness (DCI) (96.1%). Underwater logging and recreational diving activities which contribute to a significant number of diving accidents must be closely monitored. Notification, centralised data registration, medical surveillance as well as legislations related to diving activities in Malaysia are essential to ensure adequate monitoring of diving accidents in the future.     

来曲唑显著改善了一名生长激素缺乏的青春期男童的生长状况

为改善身材矮小青少年的生长状况采用芳香酶抑制剂来抑制雌激素生成的临床经验有限,本文记录了对这样1例患者联合应用生长激素和来曲唑治疗。来曲唑为第三代芳香酶抑制剂,该病例表明短期效果良好。来曲唑显著改善了一名生长激素缺乏的青春期男童的生长状况@Shah B. @Prasad K     

The protein C ω-loop substitution Asn2Ile is associated with reduced protein C anticoagulant activity

We report a kindred with heritable protein C (PC) deficiency in which two siblings with severe thrombosis showed a composite type I and IIb PC deficiency phenotype, identified using commercial PC assays (proband: PC antigen 42 u/dl, amidolytic activity 40 u/dl, anticoagulant activity 9 u/dl). The independent PROC nucleotide variations c.669C>A (predictive of Ser181Arg) and c.131C>T (predictive of Asn2Ile) segregated with the type I and type IIb PC deficiency phenotypes respectively, but co-segregated in the siblings with severe thrombosis. Soluble thrombomodulin (sTM)-mediated inhibition of plasma thrombin generation from an individual with PC-Asn2Ile was lower (endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) 56 ± 1% that of ETP determined without sTM) than control plasma (ETP 15 ± 2%) indicating reduced PC anticoagulant activity. Recombinant APC-Asn2Ile exhibited normal amidolytic activity but impaired anticoagulant activity. Protein S (PS)-dependent anticoagulant activity of recombinant APC-Asn2Ile and binding of recombinant APC-Asn2Ile to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) were reduced compared to recombinant wild-type APC. Asn2 lies within the ω-loop of the PC/APC Gla domain and this region is critical for calcium-induced folding and subsequent interactions with anionic phospholipids, EPCR and PS. The disruption of these interactions in this naturally-occurring PC variant highlights their collective importance in mediating APC anticoagulant activity in vivo.     

Cyclophosphamide in the male rat: cerebral biochemical changes in progeny

Adult male Wistar rats were treated with cyclophosphamide either alone or with both cyclophosphamide and vinblastine. They were then mated with virgin non-treated females. Examination of their offspring showed an increased post-natal mortality rate; and diminished learning capacity and spontaneous activity in the adults. These disorders were also found in the second generation, resulting from mating between animals of the first generation. Biochemical analyses of the brains of the offspring of treated males in the first and second generations showed a diminished activity of hippocampal choline acetyl-transferase. Moreover, the second generation showed a diminution of fronto-parietal cortex norepinephrine. These biochemical results may correspond to the observed behavioral deficits. Furthermore, by studying experimental mutation, they add to our knowledge of the consequences of certain cytostatic treatments.     

The Influence of Some Central Nervous Depressants on the Reciprocal Inhibition Between the Two Retinae as Manifested in Retinal Rivalry1

The influence of drugs on retina1 rivalry between a horizontal and a vertical bar was studied with the aim of finding pharmaco-logical agents which might become useful in the treatment of suppression and amblyopia in squint, Amytal, bromural, chloral, ethyl alcohol, phenobarbital and trional can weaken or abolish retinal rivalry. Under the influence of these drugs, completely simultaneous perception of the two dis-parate objects may occur. I n less pronounced cases only a decrease in depth of suppression of the momentarily subjugated image is observed. Together with the decrease in intensity of rivalry the drugs cause a decrease in the frequency of alternation. If, in the normal state, there is an imbalance between the two competing pictures, one of them being dominant more than half of the time, the degree of imbalance usually increases when rivalry is weakened under the influence of the drugs. Morphine in one case caused a marked increase, in two other cases uncertain decreases in rivalry. 3-methyl-5.5-diphenyl-hydan-toin (one case) had no effect on rivalry.     

美洛昔康血药浓度的测定及其人体药代动力学

目的建立血浆中美洛昔康的测定方法,并研究美洛昔康在中国人体内的药代动力学.方法采用HPLC方法测定18名健康志愿者口服美洛昔康片剂后的血药浓度.色谱柱为C18柱,150mm×4.6mm,5μm,流动相为20mmol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲液-乙腈40∶60,流速为1.50ml·min-1,检测波长UV225nm.结果测定方法在0.10～5.00mg·L-1范围内具良好的线性关系,回收率为90.00～105.00%,日内、日间RSD小于15%,最低检测浓度为0.05mg·L-1.药代动力学参数tmax为4.33±1.28h;Cmax为1.53±0.27mg·L-1;t1/2为21.22±6.25h;AUC0-∞为55.33±16.84h·mg·     

11β—HSD控制糖皮质激素对睾酮合成抑制的研究—11β—HSD活性、皮质酮浓度及睾酮水平之间关系

本研究的目的是通过评价大鼠Leydig细胞中11β－羟类固醇脱氢酶（11β－HSD）活性水平及糖皮质激素浓度对睾酮合成的影响来证实：Leydig细胞中11β-HSD通过控制细胞内皮质酮（大鼠体内的糖皮质激素）的浓度决定着其对睾酮合成抑制程度。结果表明,切除肾上腺的大鼠其Leydig细胞中11β－HSD活性明降低,血清睾酮水平及Leydig细胞合成睾酮能力显著升高。经补充皮质酮后,原已降低的11β－HSD活性和皮质酮水平得到了恢复,二者恢复趋势呈正相关,提示,11β－HSD活性的恢复（上升）是皮质酮代谢的需要,升高的睾酮浓度逐渐回复至正常水平。补充高浓度的糖皮质激素超过了11β－HSD发挥作用的阈值,导致该酶对皮质酮浓度的控制作用被破坏,Leydig细胞合成睾酮能力显著下降。本研究进一步阐明了Leydig细胞中11β－HSD调节睾酮合成的功能和机制。     

等长运动对正常人、冠心病患者左室心功能的影响

目的 :通过核素心血池显像测定静息状态和等长运动后正常人、冠心病患者左室心功能指标的变化 ,探讨等长运动对冠心病诊断的临床价值。方法 :45例正常人、10 0例冠心病患者常规核素平衡法门电路心血池显像测定左室心功能。在静息状态下采集后 ,保持探头和患者体位不变 ,双手握力 5～ 10 min并同时进行采集从而获得静息和握力运动状态下两组血流动力学指标和时间—放射性曲线。11例正常人和 10 0例冠心病患者行冠状动脉及左心室造影 ,两项检查间隔不超过两周。运用 SPSS9.0统计软件进行 t检验和直线相关分析。结果 :左室射血分数（L VEF）、高峰充盈率 （PFR）、左室舒张末期容积 （L VEDV ）、左室收缩末期容积 （L VESV ）和心率 （HR）在静息（Rest）状态下 ,对照组和冠心病组分别为 （5 2± 9） % vs（4 5± 9% ） ,P<0 .0 1;2 .7± 0 .8EDV/s vs2 .0± 0 .8EDV/s,P<0 .0 1;1.33± 0 .12 vs 1.2 8± 0 .11,P <0 .0 5 ;0 .6 3± 0 .10 vs 0 .0 7± 0 .0 8,P<0 .0 1;7.0± 10 m in- 1 vs 6 9± 9min- 1 ,P>0 .0 5。在等长握力运动 （Stress）状态下 ,对照组和冠心病组分别为 （5 6± 10 ） % vs（4 2± 10 ） % ,P<0 .0 1;3.1± 0 .8EDV/s vs 1.8± 0 .7EDV/s.P<0 .0 1;1.35± 0 .14vs 1.2 5± 0 .12 ,P<0 .0 1;0 .6 0± 0 .1