小剂量地塞米松预防根管治疗期间慢性尖周炎急性发作的临床研究

目的 探讨小剂量地塞米松对根管治疗期间慢性尖周炎急性发作的预防作用。方法 90倒下前磨牙慢性尖周炎患者以年龄性别分层，随机化配对分成A、B、C三组：A组每日口服地塞米松1．5mg，每日2次；B组每日口服地塞米松1．5mg，每日1次；C组为空白对照。分别于根管预备后6、24、48小时记录VAS评分。结果 A、B组与C组VAS评分经方差分析，差异具有高度统计学意义。A、B组VAS评分均值t检验差异无统计学意义。结论每日口服地塞米松1．5mg可有效预防根管治疗期间慢性尖周炎急性发作。     

Association between maternal periodontitis and an increased risk of preeclampsia

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease has been considered a systemic exposure implicated in a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether maternal periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. During the study period, 588 women, aged 14 to 46 years, were deemed eligible and had data available for analysis. Maternal demographic and medical data were collected from medical records. Preeclampsia was defined as blood pressure >140/90 mm Hg and > or =1+ proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. A periodontal examination was performed postpartum. Maternal periodontitis was defined as the presence of four or more teeth with one or more sites with a probing depth > or =4 mm and clinical attachment loss > or =3 mm at the same site. The effects of maternal age, chronic hypertension, primiparity, smoking, alcohol use, and number of prenatal visits were analyzed. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for preeclampsia were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of periodontitis was 63.9% and preeclampsia was 18.5%. Variables associated with preeclampsia were chronic hypertension (OR = 4.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0 to 8.4; P = 0.001), primiparity (OR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.5 to 3.9; P = 0.004), maternal age (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.0 to 1.1; P = 0.001), and maternal periodontitis (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.1 to 3.0; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Maternal periodontitis was determined to be associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia.     

Differential growth factor retention by platelet-rich plasma composites.

PURPOSE: This study evaluates the temporal sequence and growth factor release from platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with different bone substitutes (BS), to identify an optimal substrate for extended growth factor retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PRP was clotted with bovine thrombin or thrombin receptor activator peptide-6 (TRAP). In addition, PRP was clotted using Allogro (Ceramed, Lakewood, CO), BioGlass (Mo-Sci, Rolla, MN), or BioOss (Osteohealth, Shirley, NY). The effects of media exchange and BS on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) release were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: At day 1, the thrombin group released 36% more PDGF than the TRAP group and 80% more than the BS groups. At 7 days, PDGF release was the greatest for the TRAP group. PDGF release was minimal for all groups at day 14, with BS groups retaining 60% more PDGF than thrombin clots. Similarly, the thrombin group released the greatest amount of TGF beta (81.4% of the total), whereas TRAP and BS groups released significantly less TGF beta at day 1. Compared with thrombin, TRAP retained 39.2% more TGF beta, whereas BS groups retained even greater levels (Allogro, 54.3%; BioOss, 45.8%; BioGlass, 67.0%). No significant difference in TGF beta release was observed among the substitutes after day 1. The BS groups continued to retain TGF beta after 14 days, whereas all TGF beta in the thrombin clots was depleted. CONCLUSIONS: PRP preparation with thrombin results in a large, immediate release of growth factors that could be lost into the interstitium in vivo. TRAP-BS may prove more efficacious than thrombin in sustaining growth factor levels critical for the cascade of events leading to bone formation.     

Treatment of gingival fibromatosis associated with Zimmermann-Laband syndrome

BACKGROUND: Gingival fibromatosis is a rare condition characterized by a generalized enlargement of the buccal and lingual aspects of the attached and marginal gingiva. METHODS: This case report describes the periodontal management of a 13-year-old female patient with gingival fibromatosis associated with Zimmermann-Laband syndrome. The patient presented with gingival enlargement involving the maxillary and the mandibular arches, anterior open bite, and non-erupted teeth. Periodontal treatment included gingivectomy in all four quadrants. RESULTS: Histopathologic evaluation of the excised tissue supported the diagnosis of gingival fibromatosis. A significant improvement in esthetic appearance and eruption of the non-erupted teeth were obtained. The patient was referred for appropriate orthodontic treatment and has been closely followed for the earliest signs of recurrence of gingival enlargement. CONCLUSIONS: The successful therapy for gingival fibromatosis depends on correctly identifying the etiological factors and improving the impaired function and esthetic appearance through surgical intervention and adjunctive orthodontics. Maintaining treatment results depends on preservation of periodontal health.     

牙周临床治疗Ⅵ.牙周病药物治疗的理念

菌斑微生物是牙周病的始动因子，微生物及其毒性产物可引发局部及全身的一系列宿主免疫、炎症反应，宿主具有多层屏障的防御机制，对感染的应答基本上是保护性的，但反应过强或过弱，均可能发病。因此，微生物与宿主间的相互作用决定了疾病的过程和进展。针对病因的治疗，使我们在机械清除菌斑之外，也可能采用药物辅助手段清除致病微生物、阻断宿主反应的破坏过程、调节宿主的自身免疫力，以达到治疗目的。目前，牙周病的药物治疗主要是针对微生物的，对宿主反应的调节尚不够成熟。     

复方甲硝唑缓释膜剂的研制及应用

本文研制了治疗牙周炎的复方甲硝唑缓释膜剂.为证实其对牙周病的治疗作用,进行了体外抑菌试验和临床应用.结果表明,该缓释膜剂对牙周病优势菌有明显抑制效果;经临床观察使用该药膜一周后,菌斑指数(PLI)、牙龈指数(GI)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)及牙周袋深度(PD)均显著降低,证明复方甲硝唑缓释膜剂治疗牙周病有广阔前景.     

Histomorphometric analysis of rat alveolar wound healing with hydroxyapatite alone or associated to BMPs

Several materials and techniques have been proposed to improve alveolar wound healing and decrease loss of bone height and thickness that normally follow dental extraction. The objective of this research was the histologic analysis of bone morphogenetic proteins implanted into dental alveoli of rats after extraction. A total of 45 adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 15 animals each: control (no treatment), implanted with pure hydroxyapatite (HA, 3 mg) and implanted with hydroxyapatite plus bone morphogenetic proteins (HA/BMPs, 3 mg). Five animals from each group were sacrificed at 7, 21 and 42 days after extraction for the histometric analyses of the osteoconductive potential of hydroxyapatite associated or not with BMPs. After dissection, fixation, decalcification and serial microtomy of 6-micron thick sections, the samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histologic and histometric analyses. Both HA and HA/BMPs caused a delay in wound healing compared to control animals, evaluated by the percentage of bone tissue in the alveoli. The treatment with HA/BMPs had the greatest delay at 21 days, even though it produced values similar to the control group at 42 days. The materials did not improve alveolar repair in the normal period of wound healing and the association of HA/BMPs did not have osteoconductive properties with granulated hydroxyapatite as the vehicle.     

上颌神经诱发三叉神经皮层电位的研究

目的　探讨三叉神经的分支上颌神经皮层诱发电位的特点及与三叉神经其他分支皮层诱发电位的差异。方法　通过刺激 10名健康成人的眶下神经 ,收集刺激对侧的三叉神经诱发电位 (TSEP)。结果　①刺激发生 2 0ms左右出现P1,其后N1～N5等 9个波峰依次出现 ;②P3、N3、P4潜伏期稳定 ,N3～N4振幅高且图形规律 ;③上颌神经皮层诱发电位与下颌神经皮层诱发电位无明显差异。结论　上颌神经TSEP中高峰电位出现于 110ms的N3P4波 ,波幅 >10 μV ,其潜伏期相对稳定 ,形成上颌神经TSEP的特点 ,早期的P1～N2波幅较低 ,但可以因周围神经的改变而有较大的变化 ;正常上颌神经的TSEP各波潜伏期、图形特点、峰峰电位差与下颌神经TSEP差异不明显。根据图形特点、参数可以作为临床三叉神经上颌支功能状态和病理改变的判定指标