Alveolar soft part sarcoma: MR and angiographic findings

Objective. To present the MR and angiographic findings of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS). Design and patients. MR examinations (12 tumors of 10 patients) of ASPS performed at multiple hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. The tumors were found in the thigh (n=4), lower leg (n=4), femur (n=2, local metastasis), scalp (n=1) and arm (n=1). The MR signal characteristics including signal intensity, homogeneity and signal void of lesions and bony invasion including direct invasion or local metastasis were evaluated. Angiographic findings (n=4) and post-embolotherapy follow-up MR imaging (n=2) findings were also assessed. Results. Local bony metastasis was found in two cases. Seven tumors showed heterogeneous high signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images with good enhancement. One tumor had a very high signal on T1-weighted images. Eight tumors (67%) showed numerous signal voids in or near the tumors. All four angiographic studies showed numerous enlarged vessels, arteriovenous shunts and delayed washout. Two cases mimicked arteriovenous malformations on angiographic studies but MR images demonstrated solid soft tissue components as well as tortuous vessels. Conclusions. High signal on T1-weighted image and numerous signal voids are highly suggestive of ASPS, although they are not universal as has been suggested and arteriovenous malformation should be included in the differential diagnosis. Local bony metastases in ASPS were seen in two cases and should be carefully investigated. Received: 12 April 2000 Revision requested: 27 June 2000, 8 August 2000 Revision received: 2 August 2000, 21 August 2000 Accepted: 22 August 2000     

微信干预对青光眼患者体力活动量的影响

观察利用微信干预增加青光眼患者体力活动的效果。方法：前瞻性随机对照研究。选择2018年 6-12月于温州医科大学附属眼视光医院门诊确诊的青光眼患者102例作为研究对象。利用Excel生成的随机数随机分为对照组和干预组。对照组患者仅在门诊入组时进行运动宣教,并告知其可增加每天的运动步数;干预组患者入组时进行运动宣教,告知其可增加每天的运动步数的同时,加入微信群进行运动提醒干预。所有患者均需利用运动监测仪器完成基线1周和随访1个月的体力活动监测。采用卡方检验、独立样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、配对t检验及Wilcoxon符号秩检验进行数据分析。结果：排除30例基线运动量较大（步数>12 000步/d）、依从性不好及其他原因失访的患者,最终纳入72例（对照组42例,干预组30例）。干预组患者干预后的步数（t=4.94,P<0.001）,运动消耗的卡路里（Z=-2.87,P=0.004）,代谢当量（Z=-3.30,P=0.001）,中等强度体力活动时间（Z=-2.89, P=0.004）,高强度体力活动时间（t=2.57,P=0.016）及中高强度体力活动时间（Z=-3.01,P=0.003）均较基线增加;轻度体力活动时间（t=-2.14,P=0.041）和久坐静止不动次数较干预前减少（t=-2.76, P=0.022）。对照组随访的步数也较基线增加（t=3.29,P<0.001）,轻度体力活动时间较基线减少（t=-2.57,P=0.014）。另外,干预组的高强度体力活动时间增加量（随访-基线）（Z=-3.04,P=0.002）和超高强度体力活动时间增加量（Z=-2.06,P=0.040）明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。结论：微信干预可以增加青光眼患者的每天运动步数和中高强度体力活动时间,减少患者的轻度体力活动时间和久坐静止次数。     

31P and 1H MRS of DB‐1 melanoma xenografts: lonidamine selectively decreases tumor intracellular pH and energy status and sensitizes tumors to melphalan

In vivo ³¹P MRS demonstrates that human melanoma xenografts in immunosuppressed mice treated with lonidamine (LND, 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally) exhibit a decrease in intracellular pH (pH_i) from 6.90 ± 0.05 to 6.33 ± 0.10 (p < 0.001), a slight decrease in extracellular pH (pH_e) from 7.00 ± 0.04 to 6.80 ± 0.07 (p > 0.05) and a monotonic decline in bioenergetics (nucleoside triphosphate/inorganic phosphate) of 66.8 ± 5.7% (p < 0.001) relative to the baseline level. Both bioenergetics and pH_i decreases were sustained for at least 3 h following LND treatment. Liver exhibited a transient intracellular acidification by 0.2 ± 0.1 pH units (p > 0.05) at 20 min post‐LND, with no significant change in pH_e and a small transient decrease in bioenergetics (32.9 ± 10.6%, p > 0.05) at 40 min post‐LND. No changes in pH_i or adenosine triphosphate/inorganic phosphate were detected in the brain (pH_i, bioenergetics; p > 0.1) or skeletal muscle (pH_i, pH_e, bioenergetics; p > 0.1) for at least 120 min post‐LND. Steady‐state tumor lactate monitored by ¹H MRS with a selective multiquantum pulse sequence with Hadamard localization increased approximately three‐fold (p = 0.009). Treatment with LND increased the systemic melanoma response to melphalan (LPAM; 7.5 mg/kg intravenously), producing a growth delay of 19.9 ± 2.0 days (tumor doubling time, 6.15 ± 0.31 days; log₁₀ cell kill, 0.975 ± 0.110; cell kill, 89.4 ± 2.2%) compared with LND alone of 1.1 ± 0.1 days and LPAM alone of 4.0 ± 0.0 days. The study demonstrates that the effects of LND on tumor pH_i and bioenergetics may sensitize melanoma to pH‐dependent therapeutics, such as chemotherapy with alkylating agents or hyperthermia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome protein Cdc27 is a target for curcumin-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

Background  

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), the yellow pigment in the Asian spice turmeric, is a hydrophobic polyphenol from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. Because of its chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential with no discernable side effects, it has become one of the major natural agents being developed for cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that curcumin induces cell death through activation of apoptotic pathways and inhibition of cell growth and proliferation. The mitotic checkpoint, or spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), is the major cell cycle control mechanism to delay the onset of anaphase during mitosis. One of the key regulators of the SAC is the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) which ubiquitinates cyclin B and securin and targets them for proteolysis. Because APC/C not only ensures cell cycle arrest upon spindle disruption but also promotes cell death in response to prolonged mitotic arrest, it has become an attractive drug target in cancer therapy.