The effect of atracurium or fazadinium on intra-ocular pressure. A comparative study during induction of general anaesthesia

The effect of atracurium 0.6 mg/kg (group A; n = 11) and fazadinium 1 mg/kg (group F; n = 11) on intraocular pressure (IOP) was investigated in 22 patients during induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone 4 mg/kg and fentanyl 0.015 mg/kg. IOP was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) in all patients following induction of anaesthesia. Intubation produced a rise in IOP in all patients but this was not statistically significant and remained below pre-induction values. The changes were similar in each group. Both of these neuromuscular blockers appear suitable relaxants to use for intraocular surgery.     

High-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for patients with advanced ovarian cancer

Purpose: We report the results of high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in twenty-one patients with primarily advanced or relapsed ovarian cancer. Methods: Twenty-five women underwent stem cell collection, and 21 were finally treated with different regimens of HDC containing cyclophosphamide, etoposide, carboplatin, and treosulfan. The patients received cyclophosphamide ± cisplatin and cisplatin + paclitaxel, respectively, followed by G-CSF (n=24) or GM-CSF (n=1) for stem cell mobilization. Results: A mean of 7.2 ± 6.1 × 10⁶ CD34+ cells per kg bw were collected. Thirteen patients received double transplants and one patient received a triple transplant. The median age was 47 years (range 24–61 years) and the mean number of prior regimens was three (range 1–8). Engraftment occurred on time in all patients and there was one treatment-related death resulting in an overall mortality rate of 4.8% among the 21 patients treated with HDC. The response rate was 72% (48% CR, 24% PR) and the mean time to progression and overall survival after HDC were 7 and 32 months, respectively. Conclusion: HDC could be performed safely in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. However, even with a high response rate, the duration of response is short, warranting new treatment approaches to further improve the outcome of this population of patients with unfavorable prognosis. Received: 19 July 2000 / Accepted: 25 August 2000     

沙利度胺预防ERCP术后胰腺炎的实验研究

目的评价具有促进TNF-αmRNA降解的免疫调节剂沙利度胺在预防ERCP术后胰腺炎中的作用。方法建立ERCP术后胰腺炎模型，治疗组术前8天起沙利度胺灌胃，并设立假手术组、无治疗组和赋形物对照组。24h后比较血清淀粉酶水平、胰腺水肿程度以及组织学炎症评分，并比较胰腺组织TNF-αmRNA表达情况。结果沙利度胺显著降低血清淀粉酶、减轻胰腺水肿及组织学炎症评分，并显著降低胰腺组织中TNF-αmRNA的表达。结论TNF-α可能在ERCP术后胰腺炎的发生发展中起着重要作用．预防性使用沙利度胺能有效减轻ERCP术后胰腺炎的严重程度。     

维持性血液透析患者钙磷乘积与营养状态的关系

目的回顾性分析维持性血液透析患者钙磷乘积与营养状态的关系。方法对武汉市第一医院维持性血液透析110例终末期。肾脏病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计其透析前血清钙磷和一般营养状态等指标。钙磷乘积≤55（mg／d1）^2为A组,〉55（mg／d1）^2为B组,比较两组的差异。结果与A组相比,B组血磷（P）明显较高（P〈0．01）;血浆白蛋白（Alb）、透析前尿素氮（BUN）、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）的含量均较高（P〈0．05）;血钙（Ca）、血红蛋白（Hb）、甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论血液透析患者钙磷乘积的升高,可能与营养状态的改善,血磷摄入增加有关。     

Interleukin-3 treatment of rhesus monkeys leads to increased production of histamine-releasing cells that express interleukin-3 receptors at high levels

To understand the hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic responses to interleukin-3 (IL-3), expression of cell-surface IL-3 receptors (IL-3R) was examined on bone marrow (BM) cells and peripheral blood (PB) cells of rhesus monkeys during the course of in vivo IL-3 treatment. Whereas IL-3R expression is low in untreated monkeys, IL-3 administration led to a gradual increase in both low- and high-affinity binding sites for IL-3. This increase reflected the total number of cells expressing IL- 3Rs, as detected by flow cytometry using biotinylated IL-3. Most of these IL-3R+ cells in both BM and PB could be characterized as basophilic granulocytes that contained high levels of histamine. In contrast to the effect on these differentiated cells, IL-3 administration did not significantly alter the low level IL-3R expression on immature, CD34+ cells. Further flow cytometric analysis using biotinylated growth factors showed that the IL-3R+ basophils also expressed receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), but not for IL-6 or Kit ligand. These findings indicated that the IL-3R+ cells included neither monocytes, which express GM-CSFRs and IL-6Rs abundantly, nor mast cells, which express c- kit. By combining flow cytometric and Scatchard data, it was calculated that the basophils contain as many as 1 to 2 x 10(3) high-affinity IL- 3Rs and 15 to 30 x 10(3) low-affinity sites. The finding that in vivo IL-3 treatment leads to the production of large numbers of cells that express high levels of IL-3R and are capable of producing histamine provides an explanation for the often severe allergic reactions that occur during prolonged IL-3 administration. It also indicates that IL- 3, in addition to its direct effects on hematopoietic cells, may also stimulate hematopoiesis through the release of secondary mediators such as histamine by IL-3-responsive mature cells.     

Cytogenetic and histologic correlations in malignant lymphoma

Although a number of studies have indicated correlations between histologic subtypes of tumors and certain nonrandom chromosome changes, cytogenetic studies of lymphoma are in an early stage compared to those of leukemia. No comprehensive analysis of available data has so far been attempted in the literature either. Here we present an analysis of chromosome changes and their correlation with subtypes of lymphoma studied by conventional histology and cell surface markers, as observed in two sets of data: a group of 65 karyotypically abnormal tumors sequentially ascertained and studied by us during the period January 1, 1984 to April 30, 1985, and a larger data set derived by combining our data with those from two published series from the University of Minnesota that are comparable to our data. These combined data, which comprise the largest data set on the cytogenetics of lymphomas assembled so far, enabled a comprehensive analysis of correlation between chromosome change and tumor histology and the patterns of chromosome instability in these tumors. We found several significant associations, some previously described and others now recognized, between nonrandom chromosome gains, breaks, translocations, and deletions and histologic subtypes of tumors that characterize lymphomas. The data indicate that finding of chromosome breaks at certain sites (eg, 8q24, 14q32, 18q21) is of diagnostic value in dealing with cases of unusual lymphoma. Furthermore, nonrandom chromosome breakage exhibited three distinct patterns that reflected three levels of etiologically relevant genetic change.