国内干细胞移植治疗心血管疾病的临床研究与应用进展

目的:一些研究证实,干细胞移植可以取代坏死心肌细胞、增加有功能的心肌细胞数量,并建立新血管来改善血供、改善心功能。本文旨在总结近年来国内干细胞移植治疗心血管系统疾病方面的情况。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline、CBM、CNKI数据库2001-01/2006-11期间的相关文献。包括临床研究(不限研究对象年龄、性别)和基础研究,不限体内或体外研究。中文检索词包括“干细胞,移植,临床研究,心肌梗死,心衰”。英文检索词有“stem cell,bonemarrow,mesenchymal,transplantation”。资料选择:共收集到相关文献820篇,阅读全部文章的文题和大部分文章。纳入标准:①与干细胞移植相关。②与治疗心血管系统疾病相关。③与临床研究相关文献。排除标准:综述文献、重复性研究及Meta分析类文章。资料提炼:共得到符合纳入条件的文献225篇,排除595篇。选择其中30篇进行分析,其中英文13篇,中文19篇,其中中文有1篇为手工检索的增刊。资料综合:①国内于2002年陆续开展干细胞移植治疗心血管系统疾病的探索。②国内用于临床治疗的干细胞类型多为骨髓单个核细胞,其他有骨髓间充质干细胞、骨骼肌干细胞和外周血干细胞也见于临床实验的报道。③干细胞输注途径多以冠脉内注射为主,治疗的临床疾病主要为急性、陈旧性心肌梗死与慢性心功能不全等。结论:干细胞移植可以取代坏死心肌细胞、增加有功能的心肌细胞数量,并建立新血管来改善血供、改善心功能,已应用于临床,未出现安全性问题,故认为干细胞移植技术可以作为心血管系统疾病治疗的手段之一。     

Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiency in Patients with Morbid Obesity Before Bariatric Surgery

Background

Postoperative micronutrient deficiency is a known side effect of bariatric surgery. In this study, we examined the prevalence of micronutrient deficiency in patients with morbid obesity (MO) preoperatively.

Methods

A total of 1732 patients with MO wishing to undergo bariatric surgery (age: 40 ± 12 years, mean BMI: 44 ± 9 kg/m², means ± SD, 77.3% female) were analyzed in this cross-sectional examination. Iron state, vitamin B12, folic acid, 25hydroxy(OH)-vitamin D, PTH, vitamin A, and vitamin E levels were determined. Subsequently, patients underwent nutritional counseling and were substituted accordingly.

Results

A total of 63.2% (n = 1094) of the patients had a deficit in folic acid (< 5.3 ng/ml), 97.5% (n = 1689) in 25OHvitamin D (< 75 nmol/l), and 30.2% (n = 523) had a PTH elevation (> 56.9 pg/ml). A total of 5.1% (n = 88) of the patients presented with a deficit in vitamin B12 (< 188 pg/ml) and 6.2% (n = 107) in vitamin A (< 1.05 μmol/l). A total of 9.6% (n = 166) exhibited iron deficiency (ferritin < 15 μg/l). None of the patients had a deficit in vitamin E. There were no gender differences except for ferritin deficiency (women 11.8% vs. men 1.5%, p < 0.001). Patients in the highest BMI tertile had significantly more often a deficit in vitamin D (p = 0.033) and folic acid (p < 0.001). Patients in the lowest age tertile had significantly more often a deficit in folic acid (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our data show a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiency in patients with morbid obesity preoperatively and emphasize the importance of exact preoperative evaluation and adequate substitution as well as postoperative surveillance.

     

Circulating ADMA concentrations are elevated in hypopituitary adults with and without growth hormone deficiency

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular mortality is increased in patients with hypopituitarism. Elevated concentrations of the endogenous NO synthase antagonist asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) may be related to the development of atherosclerosis and are associated with cardiovascular risk. We studied the concentrations of ADMA in hypopituitary patients with and without growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and in healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plasma from 44 patients with hypopituitarism with (n = 30) and without GHD (n = 14) and from 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls was taken for analysis of L-arginine, ADMA, symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) and clinical parameters. Further plasma from 10 hypopituitary patients was examined before and after treatment with 9 g of oral L-arginine for 14 days. RESULTS: Asymmetrical dimethylarginine was significantly higher in the hypopituitary patients than in the controls (0.63 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.51 +/- 0.15 micromol L(-1); P < 0.005). L-arginine and the L-arginine/ADMA ratios were lower in the subjects with hypopituitarism (53 +/- 18 vs. 90 +/- 29 micromol L(-1) and 87 +/- 31 vs. 185 +/- 59; both P < 0.0001). Symmetrical dimethylarginine was comparable between the patients and the controls. L-arginine and dimethylarginines were associated with 2-h stimulated glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test (r = 0.33; P < 0.05), but not other cardiovascular risk factors. Oral L-arginine supplementation normalized the reduced L-arginine/ADMA ratio in the hypopituitary patients. CONCLUSION: Asymmetrical dimethylarginine is elevated in patients with hypopituitarism independent of GHD and traditional risk factors. This might contribute to the increased cardiovascular morbidity in hypopituitary patients.     

Retention of the posterior cruciate ligament versus the posterior stabilized design in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial

Background  

Prosthetic design for the use in primary total knee arthroplasty has evolved into designs that preserve the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and those in which the ligament is routinely sacrificed (posterior stabilized). In patients with a functional PCL the decision which design is chosen depends largely on the favour and training of the surgeon.     

Isolated primary aldosteronism in adrenocortical carcinoma: A case report and review of literature

Background Adrenocortical carcinoma synthesizing solely mineralocorticoids is an unusual disorder which has only been reported in literature in 22 other patients. Methods This case report describes a patient presenting with hypokalaemia, hypertension, metabolic acidosis and a left adrenal tumor. Extensive laboratory testing allowed the diagnosis of pure primary hyperaldosteronism without secretion of other steroids. Results The treatment of choice after establishing the diagnosis biochemically is to remove the tumor surgically. Histologically the lesion within the left adrenal was classified as a benign adrenocortical adenoma. After recurrence of, disease 6 months postoperatively, a widespread retroperitoneal tumor was en bloc resected and malignancy was confirmed by the histological features. When extended total histological examination of the first tumor was performed, capsular invasion was detected in one slice and the diagnosis of adrenocortical cancer was established retrospectively not only on the basis of clinical behavior. Despite precise surgical treatment of the recurrence and chemotherapy, the patient died 14 months after the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. Conclusions Close biochemical and clinical follow-up examinations are necessary in each patient with hormonlly active tumors. Sometimes only the postoperative course discriminates benign and malignant lesions.     

苯甲酰胺类抗精神病药物的研究：6β－羟基，乙酰氧基和苯甲酰氧基－3α及β－托品烷衍生物的合成

合成了１５个３α和β－取代苯申酰氨基－６β－羟基，乙酰氧基和苯甲酰氧基－托品烷类化合物。其中化合物５ｄ，１２ｃ和１２ｄ对Ｄ－１和Ｄ－２受体都有一定的亲和作用。     

Pharmacokinetic aspects of the combination of interferon-alpha-2b and folic acid with fluorouracil]

The plasma levels of fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil, 5FU; CAS 51-21-8) after intravenous administration have been monitored without, under influence of interferon-alpha-2b (IFN) and under influence of IFN combined with folic acid (FA). IFN causes a highly significant change of the pharmacokinetic parameters of 5FU (p less than 0.001) compared to 5FU administration without IFN. The bioavailability of 5FU (compared as the AUC0-60 values) is elevated to 80%. In contrary, the combination of IFN with FA leads to a non-significant change of the 5FU pharmacokinetics, although the bioavailability is increased to 18%. The higher plasma levels of 5FU under the influence of IFN might be causes by a changed renal clearance, which is indicated by the reduction of the total plasma clearance at about 53%. The combination IFN/FA did not show a similar effect. Yet, in both cases an improvement of the tumor response and of the clinical picture could be observed.