高效液相色谱法测定斑纹芦荟中芦荟苷含量

目的：采用高效液相色谱法测定斑纹芦蔡中芦荟苷含量。方法：芦荟叶汁浓缩物用甲醇超声提取总蒽醌,经薄层色谱分离后,用高效液相色谱法测定,结果：方法回收率为９６．１７％,ＲＳＤ为１．００％（ｎ＝５）。结论：该法准确,且简便可靠,重现性好,为开发利用芦荟资源提供依据。     

High-resolution real-time ultrasonography of thyroid nodules

High-resolution real-time ultrasonography was used to evaluate 98 patients with palpable abnormalities of the thyroid and positive isotopic studies. It confirmed 37 of 73 (51%) suspected solitary nodules. Of 25 patients thought to have multinodular goiter, sonography was supportive in 21 (84%). In patients with adenoma or adenomatous nodules, characteristic features included a sonolucent "halo". Colloid nodules tended to be more sonolucent than normal thyroid tissue, whereas Hashimoto thyroiditis was characterized by an enlarged gland and decreased echogenicity.     

Serum urate concentrations in homozygous sickle cell disease

Serum and urinary urate concentrations were studied in 44 patients with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease, and in 27 controls with normal haemoglobin. Hyperuricaemia (>0·39 mmol/l (6·5 mg/100 ml)) occurred in 41% of SS patients and inversely correlated with renal urate clearance but not with indices of bone marrow turnover. Higher serum urate concentrations occurred in patients with proteinuria, probably due to associated tubular damage. Higher serum urate concentrations and lower urate clearance occurred in males compared to females.     

高低通量血液透析膜清除溶质能力的比较

目的：比较高通量和低通量聚砜膜血液透析器对慢性肾功能衰竭维持性血液透析患者尿素氮、肌酐、血磷及β2-微球蛋白的清除能力. 方法：于2004-09/2005-01选择上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院血液透析中心维持性血液透析患者43例,血透时间1.5～5.0年.实验经医院伦理委员会审批,患者均知情同意.①实验分组：按随机数字表法分为高通量透析组23例和低通量透析组20例.②实验方法：高通量透析组采用F60聚砜膜血液透析器,超滤系数Kuf为40 mL/（h·mm Hg）.低通量透析组采用F6聚砜膜血液透析器,超滤系数Kuf为5.5 mL/（h·mm Hg）.所有患者透析3次/周,4 h/次,均采用Fresenius 4008S容量控制型透析机和超纯净水碳酸氢盐透析液,透析液流量500 mL/min,血流量190～250 mL/min,采用肝素抗凝,共5个月.③实验评估：两组患者透析前后常规检测血尿素氮、肌酐、血磷浓度;采用放射免疫方法测定血β2-微球蛋白含量,观察透析前后各种溶质含量变化,计算其溶质清除率. 结果：①血尿素氮、肌酐和血磷浓度变化：两组患者透析前后血尿素氮、肌酐和血磷浓度均显著下降.两组血尿素氮、肌酐和血磷的清除率差异无显著性意义（P＞0.05）,表明高通量和低通量血液透析均能有效清除维持性血液透析患者血液中的小分子溶质.②β2-微球蛋白含量变化：高通量透析组透析后β2-微球蛋白含量显著下降,低通量透析组透析前后β2-微球蛋白含量无显著变化.清除率组间差异有显著性意义（t=3.62,P＜0.05）. 结论：应用高通量F60聚砜膜血液透析器和低通量F6聚砜膜血液透析器均能有效清除维持性血液透析患者血液中的小分子溶质,但高通量F60聚砜膜血液透析器对β2-微球蛋白的清除能力显著优于低通量F6聚砜膜血液透析器.     

The antineoplastic bryostatins affect human basophils and mast cells differently

Bryostatins, macrocyclic lactones from the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina, are potent antineoplastic agents and multi-potential stimulators of immune cells. We have examined the effects of bryostatins on mediator release from human basophilic leukocytes and human tissue mast cells. Bryostatins 1, 2, and 5 (10 to 3,000 nmol/L) induced histamine secretion from purified and unpurified peripheral blood basophils, whereas they caused no release of peptide-leukotriene C4 from these cells. The rate of histamine release caused by bryostatin 1 was slower than that caused by anti-IgE (t1/2 +/- SEM = 38.2 +/- 4.7 minutes v 8.9 +/- 0.2 minutes; P < .01), whereas the temperature dependence was similar (optimum release at 37 degrees C, approximately 30% less at 30 degrees C, and no release at 22 degrees C or 4 degrees C). The addition of increasing concentrations of extracellular Ca2+ to the medium caused histamine release in the presence of bryostatins. Subeffective concentrations of bryostatins and anti-IgE produced a synergistic effect on histamine release from basophils. Staurosporine, chelerythrine, and calphostin C (0.1 to 10 nmol/L), which are protein kinase C inhibitors, inhibited the histamine secretion activated by bryostatin 1 and tetradecanoylphorbol-acetate (TPA). Preincubation with granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; 1 and 5 nmol/L) and interleukin-3 (IL-3; 10 ng/mL) potentiated the activation of human basophils induced by bryostatin 1. Neither bryostatin 1 nor bryostatin 2 induced the release of histamine from mast cells isolated from human lung or skin tissues. However, brief (10 minutes) preincubation with bryostatin 1 (3 to 300 nmol/L) potently inhibited the histamine secretion induced by anti-IgE from skin or lung mast cells. Bryostatin 1 was a more potent (by approximately 30 times) inhibitor of IgE- mediated histamine release than was TPA. The heterogeneous effects exerted by bryostatins on human basophils and mast cells can be of interest for those designing therapeutic trials using these agents.     

Ocular toxocariasis studied by CT scanning

Ocular Toxocara canis infection causing larval granulomatosis and leading to chronic endophthalmitis and retinal detachment is a well-defined cause of unilateral leukokoria in children. The computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a diffuse, nonenhancing, well-defined hyperdense lesion occupying most of the globe. The CT findings do not definitively differentiate the diffuse endophthalmitis of larval granulomatosis from retinoblastoma or other pseudogliomas.     

Diagnostic and therapeutic percutaneous gallbladder procedures

The authors report their experience with 24 patients who underwent a variety of percutaneous procedures involving the gallbladder. Twenty diagnostic and 13 therapeutic procedures were performed under sonographic, computed tomographic (CT), or fluoroscopic guidance; these procedures included biopsy of the gallbladder, diagnostic cholecystography, diagnostic aspiration of bile, gallstone dissolution and removal, cholecystostomy for drainage, and gallbladder abscess drainage. The indications for percutaneous cholecystostomy (performed in 11 patients) included relief of hydrops and empyema, gallstone dissolution, mechanical gallstone removal, and drainage for malignant obstruction. Each procedure was successful. There was one complicating episode of cholecystitis and four previously described episodes of vagal hypotension. Bile peritonitis did not occur in any of the patients. The authors discuss the various percutaneous gallbladder procedures and specific technical considerations in performing them.     

Hepatoma, arterioportal shunting, and hyperkinetic portal hypertension: therapeutic embolization

Four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, shunting of blood from the hepatic artery to the portal vein, and hyperkinetic portal hypertension were treated by transcatheter embolization of the hepatic artery. In three acutely bleeding patients variceal hemorrhage was controlled by the embolization. Following embolization hepatofugal portal venous flow became hepatopetal in all four patients. No serious complications were encountered. When hepatoma is complicated by arterioportal shunting and hyperkinetic portal hypertension, occlusion of the fistula by transcatheter embolotherapy can reduce the portal pressure.