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161.
Priya Santhanam Zhihao Li Xiaoping Hu Mary Ellen Lynch Claire D. Coles 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2009,33(11):1901-1908
Background: While behavioral studies have established that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in diminished arithmetic processing capability, the underlying neural correlates of this deficit are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the effect of PAE on neuronal activation during a subtraction task. Methods: Participants were young adults from a low socio‐economic status population who were identified prenatally; the sample consisted of healthy unexposed controls (n = 17) and PAE who were subdivided based on the presence (n = 19) or absence of physical dysmorphic signs (n = 18). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine extent of activation and percent signal change during arithmetic processing, using a letter‐matching task as the baseline. Region of interest analysis of activation was performed in the native space and normalized for each individual to compensate for the considerable variability in head size observed in the alcohol‐exposed population. Results: An exposure‐dependent response was observed in task performance and neuronal activation. Dysmorphic PAE individuals showed significantly lower task‐related performance and activation in regions known to be associated with arithmetic processing, including left superior and right inferior parietal regions and medial frontal gyrus, while the nondysmorphic PAE group was generally intermediate but not significantly different from the control group in task performance and activation. Conclusions: Results indicate that there is a range of effects of PAE on arithmetic processing and that the severity of this deficit may be dependent on degree of impairment demonstrated by the exposed individual. Evidence of physical dysmorphia may be indicative of functional damage to regions associated with arithmetic calculation, resulting in markedly impaired neuronal recruitment. 相似文献
162.
163.
Abdominal rectopexy for complete prolapse: Prospective study evaluating changes in symptoms and anorectal function 总被引:9,自引:6,他引:3
M. V. Madden F.C.S. F.R.C.S. F.R.C.S. M. A. Kamm M.D. M.R.C.P. F.R.A.C.P. Dr. R. J. Nicholls M.Ch. F.R.C.S. A. N. Santhanam F.R.A.C.S. R. Cabot M.D. C. T. M. Speakman F.R.C.S. 《Diseases of the colon and rectum》1992,35(1):48-55
The effect of abdominal rectopexy on bowel function is difficult to assess in retrospective studies because preoperative bowel habit cannot be determined accurately. This study examined bowel symptoms and physiologic tests of anorectal function prospectively in 23 patients before and at three months after rectopexy. Rectopexy eliminated complete prolapse in all and stopped bleeding in 16 of 18 patients. Incontinence improved significantly. Constipation (<3 bowel actions per week or straining for more than 25 percent of defecation time) was relieved in 4 of 11 affected patients but developed in 5 of the 12 who were not constipated preoperatively. Since the median bowel frequency was 21 motions per week before surgery and 17 afterward, the main determinant of constipation was straining. Abdominal pain was relieved after rectopexy in 6 of 12 patients but developed in 3 of 13 who were pain-free before surgery. Three patients (13 percent) had a first-degree relative with rectal prolapse. Perineal descent decreased significantly. Maximal anal resting pressure increased significantly, but this did not correlate significantly with improved continence. Twenty-one patients (91 percent) could expel a 50-ml balloon preoperatively; 18 of those 21 could still do so postoperatively. The two patients who could not expel the balloon preoperatively were able to do so postoperatively. This study shows that rectal prolapse is associated with profoundly abnormal defecation and abdominal pain. While abdominal rectopexy improved continence, it may improve or worsen other bowel symptoms, including constipation.Support for this study was received from the Imperial Cancer Research Fund, ICI Pharmaceuticals (SA) Ltd., the St. Mark's Research Foundation, and the Medical Research Council of South Africa. 相似文献
164.
Zafar Malik Heather Payne Jawaher Ansari Simon Chowdhury Mohammad Butt Alison Birtle Santhanam Sundar Chinnamani Vee Eswar Simon Hughes Amit Bahl 《Advances in therapy》2013,30(12):1041-1066
As recently as 2004, treatment options for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were limited, with docetaxel the only approved agent conferring a survival benefit. The therapeutic landscape is now very different, with several agents demonstrating prolonged survival since 2010. New agents for the treatment of mCRPC include sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide and radium-223. All are now approved for use in this patient group, although the specific licensing terms vary between agents. In addition, denosumab may have utility in patients with bone metastases. A number of novel agents are also in development with promising initial results. However, because these treatment options have proliferated rapidly, there is currently a paucity of clinical evidence regarding their optimal sequencing. Selection of an appropriate treatment option should take into consideration disease characteristics, drug availability and patient choice. In summary, we discuss several new treatment options available for mCRPC and their integration into the current treatment paradigm. 相似文献
165.
166.
Rajan Vaithianathan Senthil Panneerselvam Ramachandran Santhanam 《Indian Journal of Palliative Care》2014,20(1):50-52
Anaplastic carcinoma (AC) or undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare variant among the malignant pancreatic neoplasms. These tumors have a poor prognosis with survival measured in months. The role of surgical palliation to improve the quality of life is not well defined in these patients. We report a case of AC of pancreas in a 65-year-old male patient. Patient had upper abdominal pain with frequent bilious vomiting. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a mass in the body of pancreas with possible infiltration of duodenojejunal flexure (DJF). Laparotomy revealed an inoperable mass with posterior fixity and involvement of the DJF. Patient underwent a palliative duodenojejunostomy. Tissue biopsy from the tumor showed pleomorphic type AC with giant cells. Patient had good symptomatic relief from profuse vomiting and progressed well at follow up. AC of pancreas is a rare and aggressive malignancy with dismal outlook. If obstructive symptoms are present due to duodenal involvement, a palliative bypass may be a worthwhile surgical option in selected cases. 相似文献
167.
Vinodhini K Shanmughapriya S Das BC Natarajaseenivasan K 《Archives of gynecology and obstetrics》2012,285(3):771-777
Objective
We set to estimate the genotype-specific prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) and its associated risk factors responsible among women with normal and abnormal cytology by systematic literature survey. 相似文献168.
Shujun Liu Lai-Chu Wu Jiuxia Pang Ramasamy Santhanam Sebastian Schwind Yue-Zhong Wu Christopher J. Hickey Jianhua Yu Heiko Becker Kati Maharry Michael D. Radmacher Chenglong Li Susan P. Whitman Anjali Mishra Nicole Stauffer Anna M. Eiring Roger Briesewitz Robert A. Baiocchi Kenneth K. Chan Peter Paschka Guido Marcucci 《Cancer cell》2010,17(4):333-347
169.
Downregulation of p53-inducible microRNAs 192, 194, and 215 impairs the p53/MDM2 autoregulatory loop in multiple myeloma development 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
170.
Kanaan Mansoor Murad Kheetan Saba Shahnawaz Anna P. Shapiro Eva Patton-Tackett Larry Dial Gary Rankin Prasanna Santhanam Antonios H. Tzamaloukas Tibor Nadasdy Joseph I. Shapiro Zeid J. Khitan 《BMC nephrology》2017,18(1):379