Gastric cancer—a clinicopathological study in a tertiary care centre of North-eastern India

Background

The incidence of gastric cancer varies in different parts of the world and among various ethnic groups. It remains the fifth most common cancer among males and seventh most common cancer among females in India.

Materials and methods

We conducted a retrospective study using the data base of 158 patients of primary gastric cancer diagnosed in the Department of Surgery at Regional Cancer Centre, RIMS, Manipur, India from July 2009 to June 2013.

Results

Our study revealed a male to female ratio of 2.16^:1, distribution of age varied from 28 to 91 years. Majority of the men were in the age group of more than 60 years (45.37%) and majority of females were of 51-60 years (44%). Nearly 7.6% patients had a positive family history. Dietary history of intake salted, fermented fish was present in 67.7% of patients, whereas history of consumption of smoked meat was found in 77.8% of patients. Only 27.8% of patients in our study had history of regular consumption of fresh fruits. About 35.4% of the patients had poor drinking water source. Nearly, 67.6% of males and 44% of females had smoking history. Combined consumption of alcohol and smoking was present in 33.5% of patients. Vague abdominal discomfort was the most common presenting symptom in 61.4% of patients. The most common site of gastric cancer in our study was antrum (50.6%) followed by cardia (17.1%). The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma (95.6%). Most of our patients presented in locally advanced stage (62.7%).

Conclusions

Our analysis suggests that poor dietary habits such as smoked mead, dried fish and excessive use of tobacco are associated with high occurrence of gastric cancer in this part of the India. Increasing the awareness regarding the aetiology and varied clinical presentation among general population and health providers is needed for prevention and early detection.     

Is vitamin K consumption associated with cardio-metabolic disorders? A systematic review

Associations have been found between various micronutrients and cardio-metabolic outcomes. Vitamin K deficiency has been associated with increased calcification of the main arteries and with insulin resistance. The present study aimed to examine the association between vitamin K intake and cardio-metabolic outcomes including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.     

In vivo SPECT imaging of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors using (R,R) 123I-QNB in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia

INTRODUCTION: Alterations in cholinergic function have been reported to be associated with dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) using (R,R) 123I-iodo-quinuclidinyl-benzilate (QNB) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and age-matched controls. 123I-QNB binding was also compared to the corresponding cerebral perfusion changes in the same subjects. METHODS: 63 subjects (24 controls, 14 DLB, 25 PDD) underwent 123I-QNB and perfusion 99mTc-exametazine SPECT scanning. Image analysis, using statistical parametric mapping (SPM99), involved spatial normalisation of each image to a customised template, followed by smoothing and intensity normalisation of each image to its corresponding mean whole brain uptake. Group effects and correlations were assessed using two sample t tests and linear regression respectively. RESULTS: Relative to controls, significant elevation of 123I-QNB binding was apparent in the right occipital lobe in DLB and right and left occipital lobes in PDD (height threshold p相似文献   

Secondary pharyngeal tuberculosis

Secondary tuberculosis of pharynx is a rare condition as pharynx is not a common site for clinically manifest tuberculosis. A rare and unusual case of secondary oropharyngeal tuberculosis in a 40 years male patient, who presented with an ulceroproliferative lesion of oropharynx extending to nasopharynx and laryngopharynx is being reported.     

Wada testing and fMRI in a polyglot evaluated for epilepsy surgery

Despite advancements in the neurophysiology of language and presurgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery, there is a paucity of information in the literature regarding presurgical evaluation of multilingual patients. We present a case of a 52‐year‐old right‐handed woman with refractory epilepsy who was fluent in six languages and underwent subsequent trilingual presurgical evaluation which included neuropsychological testing, Wada testing, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and electrocortical stimulation. These studies suggested a seizure focus in the left temporal lobe and language localization that was predominantly right‐hemispheric; she subsequently underwent left temporal laser interstitial thermal therapy without clinical disturbance in language function while remaining seizure‐free. A multidisciplinary effort was integral in providing an optimal outcome for this patient.     

A Comprehensive Review of Brain Connectomics and Imaging to Improve Deep Brain Stimulation Outcomes

DBS is an effective neuromodulatory therapy that has been applied in various conditions, including PD, essential tremor, dystonia, Tourette syndrome, and other movement disorders. There have also been recent examples of applications in epilepsy, chronic pain, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Innovations in neuroimaging technology have been driving connectomics, an emerging whole-brain network approach to neuroscience. Two rising techniques are functional connectivity profiling and structural connectivity profiling. Functional connectivity profiling explores the operational relationships between multiple regions of the brain with respect to time and stimuli. Structural connectivity profiling approximates physical connections between different brain regions through reconstruction of axonal fibers. Through these techniques, complex relationships can be described in various disease states, such as PD, as well as in response to therapy, such as DBS. These advances have expanded our understanding of human brain function and have provided a partial in vivo glimpse into the underlying brain circuits underpinning movement and other disorders. This comprehensive review will highlight the contemporary concepts in brain connectivity as applied to DBS, as well as introduce emerging considerations in movement disorders. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society