Acquired supravalvar membranous stenosis of the left atrioventricular valve

Acquired supravalvar membranous stenosis of the left atrioventricular valve developed in a nine year old boy with atrioventricular discordance. The supravalvar membrane had not been present when a partial annuloplasty was performed on the left atrioventricular valve eight years before. The stenosis was relieved by operative excision of the membrane.     

Significance of coupling intervals of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias in long-term ECG in patients with coronary heart disease

Coupling intervals of premature ventricular beats and complex arrhythmias were studied by 24-h ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings in 76 patients (35 sudden death patients and 41 survivors) with coronary artery disease. A first Holter (HM 1) was recorded at the time of left ventricular angiography and a second Holter (HM 2) after a mean interval of 34.4 +/- 11.2 months (range 2-61 months). All patients were only treated medically. The mean heart rate was significantly faster in patients who died suddenly than in survivors in both HM 1 and HM 2 (p less than 0.01). In HM 1, there were no significant differences in mean coupling intervals between patients who died suddenly and survivors, whereas in HM 2, coupling intervals of premature ventricular beats and couplets were significantly shorter in patients who died suddenly than in survivors (p less than 0.05). Patients with coupling intervals for couplets less than 500 ms died significantly earlier than those patients with coupling intervals greater than 500 ms (p less than 0.05). Our data show that there is a relationship between heart rate, coupling intervals and sudden death. Patients with fast heart rates and coupling intervals for couplets less than 500 ms represent a group at high risk of sudden death.     

Subfractionation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by partitioning in two-polymer aqueous phase systems. Characteristics of a small subpopulation of cells with high partition coefficient

Mixtures of aqueous solutions of dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) form immiscible 2-phase systems that are suitable for the separation of viable, functionally-competent cells on the basis of their surface properties. With the appropriate choice of ionic composition, these systems will separate cells on the basis of charge-related surface characteristics. We have previously shown that in charge-sensitive phase systems, human B lymphocytes have a low partition coefficient (K) and T cells have an intermediate K. The cell subpopulation with the highest K values contains large null lymphocytes that have most of the antibody-dependent and natural killer activities. The present study further characterizes this latter cell subpopulation. 8-33% of peripheral blood lymphocytes in normal persons had high K values. About 50% of these cells had typical Giemsa-staining granules characteristic of killer cells and one third had Fc receptors, but lacked complement receptors. Although 15-30% of the cells with high K values formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, there was virtually no response to T-cell mitogens such as PHA and Con A. Mixing cells having high K values with mitogen-responsive T cells from intermediate cell fractions revealed no evidence of suppressor-cell activity to explain the poor mitogen response. The studies indicate that a heterogeneous population of cells share charge-related surface properties resulting in a high partition coefficient. These cells comprise a significant proportion of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and include virtually all of the large granular lymphocytes as well as a large population without this morphology that shares the feature of unresponsiveness to T-cell mitogens.