Clearing the clouds: Case‐report and review of the literature

In peritoneal dialysis (PD), a cloudy dialysate is an alarming finding. Bacterial peritonitis is the most common cause, however, atypical infections and non‐infectious causes must be considered. A 46‐year‐old man presented with asthenia, paraesthesia, foamy urine and hypertension. Laboratory testing revealed severe azotaemia, anaemia, hyperkalaemia and nephrotic‐range proteinuria. Haemodialysis was started through a central venous catheter. Later, due to patient preference, a Tenckhoff catheter was inserted. Conversion to PD occurred 3 weeks later, during hospitalization for a presumed central line infection. A month later, the patient was hospitalized for neutropenic fever. He was diagnosed an acute parvovirus infection and was discharged under isoniazid for latent tuberculosis. Four months later, the patient presented with fever and a cloudy effluent. Peritoneal fluid (PF) cytology was suggestive of infectious peritonitis, but the symptoms persisted despite antibiotic therapy. Bacterial and mycological cultures were negative. No neoplastic cells were detected. Mycobacterium tuberculosis eventually grew in PF cultures, despite previous negative molecular tests. Directed therapy was then initiated with excellent response. Thus, facing a cloudy effluent, one must consider multiple aetiologies. Diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis is hampered by the lack of highly sensitive and specific exams. Here, diagnosis was only possible due to positive mycobacterial cultures.     

白芍总苷对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠长期给药的组织分布研究

目的 研究白芍总苷的主要成分芍药苷、芍药内酯苷对胶原诱导性关节炎（collagen-induced arthritis,CIA）大鼠长期给药后的组织分布。方法 建立超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）法,测定白芍总苷长期给药后大鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、小肠、胸腺、滑膜等组织中芍药苷和芍药内酯苷的分布情况。结果 长期给药后,芍药苷和芍药内酯苷主要分布于小肠和肾,其次为脾、胸腺、滑膜、肝、肺、心。2种成分在CIA大鼠中的组织分布大多低于正常大鼠。结论 揭示了白芍总苷长期给药后的组织分布特征,为探讨白芍总苷治疗类风湿性关节炎的靶器官以及疗效的改进提供了参考。     

中药抗药源性肝损伤评价模型及作用机制研究进展

肝脏是药物在机体内代谢的主要场所。药源性肝损伤（drug-induced liver injury,DILI）是药物过量或不当使用导致的机体不良反应之一。非甾体类抗炎药、抗菌药等均可能引起DILI。DILI发生机制主要与细胞色素P450酶、线粒体功能障碍、药物代谢反应、氧化应激、炎症反应等密切相关。中药可通过抑制氧化应激、炎症反应、减少细胞凋亡与影响细胞色素P450酶系统等发挥治疗肝损伤作用。通过对DILI发生机制、动物模型建立方法及中药干预机制等方面进行总结归纳,为DILI动物模型的合理选择及中药防治机制研究提供参考。     

基于“气血”理论探讨中医治疗肺系疾病之思路

中医学认为,气血失和,百病丛生,气血是构成人体和维持其生命活动的物质基础。现基于气血理论探讨中医治疗肺系疾病的辨治思路,认为肺系疾病的发病与气血关系密切,系因机体气血功能异常,加之外邪侵袭,导致“肺气虚弱,肺虚络瘀,肺热瘀阻,热壅血瘀”,总结出主要病机是“气血亏虚为本,痰热瘀阻为标”,治疗上应以“调和阴阳、理顺气血”为主要原则,临床上辨证应用“补肺理气、养血活血、化痰逐瘀、清肺热、利肺气、止咳平喘、凉血”之法,为临床从气血角度论治肺系疾病提供新思路。     

A head-to-head comparison of measurement properties of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in acute myeloid leukemia patients

Quality of Life Research - This study aimed to compare the measurement properties of EQ-5D-3L(3L) and EQ-5D-5L(5L) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in China. We consecutively recruited...     

RNA silencing: a conserved antiviral immunity of plants and animals

RNA silencing is a novel RNA-guided gene regulatory mechanism operational in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms from fission yeast, plants, to mammals. This article reviews the recent progress on aspects of RNA silencing that are related to its biological function as a conserved antiviral immunity of plants and animals, and highlights features of this novel antiviral response in invertebrate animals as compared to the known innate and adaptive immunities. Finally, we discuss evidence that suggests a natural antiviral role for RNA silencing in vertebrates as well as experimental approaches that may facilitate the identification of first mammalian viral suppressors of RNA silencing.     

Cyclin D1蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

为探讨周期素D1(Cyclin D1)蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义,作者采用免疫组化LSAB法对110例乳腺癌标本进行了Cyclin D1蛋白的检测.结果显示:本组病例的Cyclin D1蛋白表达阳性率为74.55%(82/110);生存时间≤5年及≥10年者,其Cyclin D1蛋白表达阳性率分别为96.22%(51/53)和40.54%(15/37);Cyclin D1蛋白过度表达与乳腺癌的临床分期、组织学分级、腋窝淋巴结转移有关.由此揭示Cyclin D1蛋白的过度表达是判断乳腺癌患者预后的一项重要指标.