皮层体感诱发电位在脊柱脊髓疾患诊治中的应用

目的：评价皮层体感诱发电位（CSEP）在脊柱脊髓疾患诊治中的临床应用价值。方法：120例患者用Frankel分级判断脊髓功能，行CSEP术前检查，术中监护以及术后疗效评估，并分析应用不同标准的监测结果。结果：（1）CSEPⅠ型表现者全部为FrankelA级；Ⅱ型主要为B，C级，Ⅲ型主要为,C,D，Ⅳ型主要为D，E级。（2）Ⅰ-Ⅳ型CSEP表现者疗效分别为0,54.2%,82.8%,84.2%;(3)行椎体肿瘤切除，椎管内肿瘤切除，脊柱侧凸凹侧撑开及颈椎后路“单开门”时最易引发CSEP变化。（4）应用不同标准行术中监测灵敏度均为100％，特异度分别为85．6％，93．3％，误诊率分别为14．4％，6．7％，漏诊率均为0。结论：CSEP与Franke分级，临床疗效有良好的相关性；CSEP灵敏度高，可及时反映出脊髓功能的变化，提高脊髓手术的安全性；CSEP术中监测标准具有一定弹性，常因病情，体位及操作不同而变化。     

突出的腰椎间盘与神经根粘连的原因分析及处理措施

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出症术中神经根粘连的原因及处理措施。方法回顾性分析2002年12月～2008年12月,经手术治疗证实的突出椎间盘组织与神经粘连的腰椎间盘突出症85例90个间隙。单间隙80例,双间隙5例,其中行椎间盘镜下髓核摘除术5例,椎板开窗髓核摘除术30例,半椎板切除髓核摘除30例,全椎板切除髓核摘除20例;其中30例同时行植骨融合内固定术。结果腰椎间盘突出钙化30例(35.3%);腰椎间盘突出破裂25例(29.4%);椎间盘软骨板破裂症10例(11.8%);腰椎间盘突出复发5例(5.9%);一般腰椎间盘突出症15例(17.6%)。其中既往行过椎管内封闭或行经皮溶核术的5例;合并椎间隙狭窄30例;合并腰椎不稳15例。患者随访1～6年,平均2.5年,2例术后残留麻木,2例足下垂,1例术后椎间隙感染,经非手术治疗痊愈。3例术中有硬膜撕裂,1例行修补术,术后无脑脊液漏,融合内固定患者无内固定松动及断裂,融合率86.3%。按Nakai疗效评定标准:优67例,良10例,可5例,差3例,优良率90.6%。结论腰椎间盘突出症患者突出椎间盘与神经根粘连常见的原因为:腰椎间盘突出破裂、腰椎间盘突出钙化、腰椎间盘突出复发及椎间盘突出合并腰椎不稳和腰椎间盘突出既往行过椎管内注射治疗者。充分的显露、彻底松解粘连、髓核摘除及合理选择内固定可获得满意的疗效。     

本科护生实习期间爱与归属感的调查

目的了解本科护生临床实习期间爱与归属感的获得情况,为提升本科护生实习质量提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法对120名本科护生进行爱与归属感满足情况调查。结果本科护生从带教老师、患者及家属、科室及相关人员中获得爱与归属感评分分别为29.90、21.97、20.19。结论本科护生从带教老师处获得的爱与归属感较高,从科室及相关人员处获得的爱与归属感较低。需针对薄弱环节重点干预。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘致脊髓功能障碍患者的围术期护理

目的总结外科治疗6例硬脊膜动静脉瘘导致脊髓功能障碍患者的护理要点。方法 6例硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者,其中3例选择血管内治疗方法封闭动静脉瘘口,3例选择显微手术夹闭瘘口;术前尽早完善相关检查以确诊,给予有效的心理护理及健康教育;术后密切观察病情变化,做好抗凝、扩容等特殊治疗的护理配合,严防并发症发生。结果 6例患者手术均顺利,术后恢复良好,好转出院。结论针对患者临床表现选择正确的治疗方法和护理措施,有利于提高疗效。     

The sinusoidal pressure during ischemia-reperfusion injury in perfused mouse liver pretreated with or without L-NAME

BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is accompanied by liver weight gain and ascites formation possibly caused by an increase in the sinusoidal pressure, a determinant of hepatic transvascular fluid movement. However, changes in the sinusoidal pressure during hepatic I/R in mice are not known. It is also controversial whether nitric oxide (NO) exerts a beneficial or detrimental effect on hepatic I/R injury. We determined the changes in hepatic sinusoidal pressure and liver weight, and the effect of a NO synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on I/R injury of isolated mouse liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isolated liver from 20 male outbred ddY mice was perfused portally with diluted blood (Hct 3%). After pretreatment with L-NAME (100 microm) or D-NAME (100 microm), ischemia was induced at room temperature by occlusion of the inflow line of the portal vein for 1 h followed by 1-h reperfusion in a recirculating manner. The sinusoidal pressure was assessed by the double vascular occlusion pressure (Pdo), and pre- and postsinusoidal resistance was determined. Liver injury was assessed by blood levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). RESULTS: In the d-NAME group (n=7), immediately after reperfusion, the portal pressure increased by 2.8 +/- 0.1 (SE) mmHg, which was accompanied by an increase in Pdo of 1.5 +/- 0.1 mmHg, indicating increases in pre- and postsinusoidal resistance to a similar degree. Then, presinusoidal, but not postsinusoidal, resistance sustained increased until 60 min after reperfusion. Liver weight increased to 0.14 +/- 0.04 g/g liver after reperfusion, followed by a gradual return to baseline. Blood ALT levels increased at 60 min after reperfusion. There were no significant differences in changes in the variables between the D- and L-NAME (n=7) groups. In the time-matched non- I/R control group (n=6), no changes in variables were observed for 2 h. CONCLUSIONS: Mouse hepatic I/R causes marginal liver weight gain associated with a small and transient increase in the sinusoidal pressure, and nitric oxide does not play any significant roles in this injury.     

肾缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠SDF-1、ICAM-1表达与肾小管坏死评分的相关性研究

目的 探讨肾缺血-再灌注损伤(IRI)大鼠基质细胞衍生因子(SDF)-1、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)与肾小管坏死评分的相关性。方法 将60只SD大鼠随机分成手术组、假手术组两组,每组各30只。根据手术后检测时间不同,每组再分为6个不同时段的亚组(1、6、12、24、48、72 h组),每个亚组有5只大鼠。手术组建立大鼠肾IRI模型,假手术组大鼠仅予游离双侧肾动脉后缝合切口。检测各个时间点肾功能、肾小管坏死评分及肾脏组织SDF-1、ICAM-1表达变化。对手术组大鼠肾组织SDF-1、ICAM-1表达与肾功能和肾小管坏死评分进行Pearson直线相关分析。结果 手术组术后血尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Scr)较术前及相应时间段假手术亚组明显升高(均为P<0.05),且于术后12 h显著升高,高峰期在术后48 h。手术组肾小管坏死评分随时间的延长逐渐增高(均为P<0.05);肾小管坏死评分最高在手术48 h组(P<0.05)。与手术1 h组比较,手术6 h组大鼠肾组织SDF-1、ICAM-1表达开始明显增多(均为P<0.05);手术后48 h达高峰,于手术后72 h开始下降。手术组的肾组织SDF-1、ICAM-1表达与术后各时间段BUN、Scr、肾小管坏死评分呈正相关(r=0.614、0.662、0.751;0.640、0.703、0.785;均为P<0.05)。结论 当大鼠肾组织发生IRI时,SDF-1、ICAM-1表达上调,BUN、Scr升高,肾小管坏死评分升高,而且SDF-1、ICAM-1的表达与BUN、Scr、肾小管坏死评分呈正相关,提示SDF-1、ICAM-1表达增高程度可以作为反映肾IRI后严重程度的指标。     

腹腔镜辅助经皮肾镜与输尿管软镜治疗盆腔异位肾结石的临床研究

目的探讨经腹途径腹腔镜辅助经皮肾镜碎石取石术（PCNL）和输尿管软镜碎石术（RIRS）治疗盆腔异位肾结石的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析从2016年1月至2017年10月采用经腹途径腹腔镜辅助PCNL或RIRS手术方法治疗的6例盆腔异位肾结石病例。对患者术前的基本信息（包括年龄、性别、异位肾位置、结石大小、结石数量、结石位置、特殊病史）和术中、术后的基本情况（包括通道大小、手术时间、曲卡、肾造瘘管、腹腔引流管、双J管、结石清除率和住院时间）进行分析和总结。 结果腹腔镜辅助PCNL和RIRS的平均手术时间分别为92 min和85 min,其平均结石最大径分别为19 mm和12 mm。RIRS术后的平均住院时间（3 d）短于腹腔镜辅助PCNL（5 d）,其手术成功率分别为60%（3/5）和100%（3/3）。两种方法都没有严重并发症发生,术后复查均没有结石残留。 结论两种手术方法治疗盆腔异位肾结石均具有较高的安全性。RIRS在微创和住院时间方面具有优势,腹腔镜辅助PCNL则能够应对更大的结石负荷和更复杂的肾脏结构,其手术成功率亦相对较高。     

Constructing Large Scale Cohort for Clinical Study on Heart Failure with Electronic Health Record in Regional Healthcare Platform: Challenges and Strategies in Data Reuse

Regional healthcare platforms collect clinical data from hospitals in specific areas for the purpose of healthcare management. It is a common requirement to reuse the data for clinical research. However, we have to face challenges like the inconsistence of terminology in electronic health records (EHR) and the complexities in data quality and data formats in regional healthcare platform. In this paper, we propose methodology and process on constructing large scale cohorts which forms the basis of causality and comparative effectiveness relationship in epidemiology. We firstly constructed a Chinese terminology knowledge graph to deal with the diversity of vocabularies on regional platform. Secondly, we built special disease case repositories (i.e., heart failure repository) that utilize the graph to search the related patients and to normalize the data. Based on the requirements of the clinical research which aimed to explore the effectiveness of taking statin on 180-days readmission in patients with heart failure, we built a large-scale retrospective cohort with 29647 cases of heart failure patients from the heart failure repository. After the propensity score matching, the study group (n=6346) and the control group (n=6346) with parallel clinical characteristics were acquired. Logistic regression analysis showed that taking statins had a negative correlation with 180-days readmission in heart failure patients. This paper presents the workflow and application example of big data mining based on regional EHR data.     

低氧预处理人脐带间充质干细胞治疗早发性卵巢功能不全小鼠的效果研究

目的 探索人脐带间充质干细胞（human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUCMSCs）及其经低氧预处理后对早发性卵巢功能不全（premature ovarian insufficiency,POI）小鼠的治疗作用。方法 从脐带中分离、培养出hUCMSCs,利用白消安和环磷酰胺诱导形成小鼠POI模型,分别使用正常hUCMSCs和经低氧预处理的hUCMSCs对POI小鼠进行治疗。实验结束时,测量各组（n=15）小鼠血浆中雌二醇（estradiol,E2）、卵泡刺激素（follicle stimulating hormone,FSH）及抗苗勒管激素（anti Mullerian hormone,AMH）浓度,对卵巢进行组织病理学检查,计数卵泡数量。结果 经过hUCMSCs和低氧预处理hUCMSCs治疗的小鼠血浆E2及AMH浓度,与模型对照组比较,呈升高趋势;且AMH浓度差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与模型对照组比较,hUCMSCs和低氧预处理hUCMSCs治疗组小鼠卵巢组织中生长卵泡明显增多、闭锁卵泡明显减少（P<0.05）;卵巢颜色红润,尺寸增大,几乎没有坏死点,卵泡大、透明度好,整体来看与正常对照组卵巢状态相似;且经低氧预处理hUCMSCs治疗的小鼠,其生长卵泡和闭锁卵泡数量更趋于正常。结论 hUCMSCs移植及hUCMSCs低氧预处理后移植治疗均能够有效恢复POI小鼠的激素浓度,促进卵巢功能的恢复。     

他莫昔芬治疗转染孕激素受体膜组分1乳腺癌裸鼠模型对乳腺肿瘤组织Ki-67表达的影响

目的 探讨他莫昔芬（tamoxifen,TAM）对转染孕激素受体膜组分1（progesterone receptor membrane component 1,PGRMC1）乳腺癌模型MCF-7乳腺肿瘤组织增生指数Ki-67表达的影响及其作用机制。方法 乳腺癌MCF-7细胞进行培养、孵育及传代后转染含有PGRMC1（MCF-7-HA-PGRMC1）或空质粒（MCF-7-HA-vector）,去势小鼠（共48只）包埋雌激素（estradiol,E2）缓释片48 h后,然后分别将以上两种细胞接种至裸鼠,作为实验组及对照组。每组再分别用安慰剂、黄体酮、他莫昔芬、他莫昔芬联合黄体酮处理,种瘤56 d后实施安乐死,无菌操作下完整摘除肿瘤组织,免疫组织化学法检测荷瘤体中Ki-67表达情况。结果 实验组肿瘤组织中Ki-67表达较对照组升高（P<0.001）,差异有统计学意义;实验组中,与单独E2相比,E2+TAM可降低肿瘤组织中Ki-67的表达,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;而E2+黄体酮并未促进Ki-67的表达（P>0.05）。与E2相比,E2+黄体酮+TAM组肿瘤组织中Ki-67的表达明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论 PGRMC1可增加Ki-67表达、加快细胞增生,他莫昔芬治疗后可通过降低Ki-67表达拮抗PGRMC1导致的乳腺肿瘤细胞增生。