全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15835篇 |
免费 | 925篇 |
国内免费 | 75篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 96篇 |
儿科学 | 383篇 |
妇产科学 | 407篇 |
基础医学 | 2400篇 |
口腔科学 | 530篇 |
临床医学 | 1241篇 |
内科学 | 3820篇 |
皮肤病学 | 324篇 |
神经病学 | 1534篇 |
特种医学 | 362篇 |
外国民族医学 | 2篇 |
外科学 | 1473篇 |
综合类 | 59篇 |
一般理论 | 6篇 |
预防医学 | 1522篇 |
眼科学 | 362篇 |
药学 | 1198篇 |
中国医学 | 92篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1024篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 109篇 |
2022年 | 285篇 |
2021年 | 465篇 |
2020年 | 273篇 |
2019年 | 416篇 |
2018年 | 556篇 |
2017年 | 312篇 |
2016年 | 431篇 |
2015年 | 467篇 |
2014年 | 640篇 |
2013年 | 786篇 |
2012年 | 1239篇 |
2011年 | 1300篇 |
2010年 | 643篇 |
2009年 | 598篇 |
2008年 | 998篇 |
2007年 | 1058篇 |
2006年 | 951篇 |
2005年 | 850篇 |
2004年 | 717篇 |
2003年 | 745篇 |
2002年 | 670篇 |
2001年 | 245篇 |
2000年 | 213篇 |
1999年 | 195篇 |
1998年 | 132篇 |
1997年 | 109篇 |
1996年 | 99篇 |
1995年 | 75篇 |
1994年 | 67篇 |
1993年 | 78篇 |
1992年 | 118篇 |
1991年 | 90篇 |
1990年 | 83篇 |
1989年 | 92篇 |
1988年 | 73篇 |
1987年 | 65篇 |
1986年 | 73篇 |
1985年 | 58篇 |
1984年 | 55篇 |
1983年 | 38篇 |
1982年 | 29篇 |
1981年 | 35篇 |
1980年 | 29篇 |
1979年 | 31篇 |
1978年 | 22篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 17篇 |
1974年 | 23篇 |
1966年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Solorio MR Asch SM Globe D Cunningham WE 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2002,94(7):581-589
PURPOSE: To examine satisfaction with access to health care in two populations, one with HIV and one with TB, and examine the effect of having a regular doctor and sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN: Cross-Sectional survey. PATIENTS: A sample of HIV inpatients hospitalized at seven Los Angeles sites (N = 217) and TB outpatients chosen randomly from the Los Angeles County TB Registry Census (N = 313). ANALYSIS: We performed bivariate and multivariate regression analyses of satisfaction with access to care on gender, race/ethnicity, age, education, income, insurance, and having a regular doctor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A six-item scale of satisfaction with access to care (range 0-100; Cronbach's alpha 0.87). RESULTS: The mean satisfaction with access score for the HIV sample was significantly lower than the TB sample (53.5 vs. 61.2, p<0.001). The HIV sample multivariate analysis (including all the variables) showed that increasing age (p<0.021 and having a regular doctor (p<0.002) were associated with better access, and that low income (p<0.005) was associated with poor access. In the TB sample analysis, only increasing age was associated with better satisfaction with access to care (p< 0.01). CONCLUSION: HIV patients receiving care in the private sector reported less satisfaction with access to care compared to TB patients receiving care in the public health sector. The traditional factors of socio-economic status and having a regular doctor were associated with satisfaction with access-to-care in the HIV sample but not the TB sample. Our findings suggest that certain characteristics of the TB public health programs may explain these differences and suggests that, perhaps, the existence of a similar public health program for vulnerable low-income populations with HIV would improve their satisfaction with access, as well. 相似文献
72.
Expression of TGF-beta in attenuated Salmonella typhimurium: oral administration leads to the reduction of inflammation, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but enhancement of IL-10, in carrageenin-induced oedema in mice. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Immunology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Chlamydiae are a major cause of infertility and preventable blindness and there is currently no effective vaccine in humans or rodents against these organisms. We have previously shown that a peptide of 12 amino acids (termed TINKP) from a conserved region of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is a primary T-cell epitope in humans. Here we showed that when dendritic cells (DC) from C3H or BALB/c mice were pulsed in vitro with the peptide they stimulated proliferation of syngeneic T cells in vitro indicating that the peptide is also a primary T-cell epitope in mice. Since the skin is a rich source of DC, we immunized mice from each strain with an intradermal injection of the peptide. Humoral and cell-mediated immunity to peptide, MOMP or whole elementary bodies (EB) of C. trachomatis (F/NI1/GU) were assessed. No antibody response to TINKP was observed. However, immunized mice showed recall responses to all three chlamydial antigens. T-cell-mediated immunity in the absence of antibody was induced by a single injection of the peptide intradermally. C. trachomatis isolated from the human genital tract causes salpingitis in mice. Preliminary studies in susceptible C3H mice indicated that intradermal injection of peptide conferred some protection against the development of salpingitis. Thus, a primary T-cell epitope identified by in vitro stimulation using DC can also initiate cell-mediated immunity in vivo and this approach may be useful in the development of vaccines. 相似文献
73.
Ferraris A Rappaport E Santacroce R Pollak E Krantz I Toth S Lysholm F Margaglione M Restagno G Dallapiccola B Surrey S Fortina P 《Human mutation》2002,20(4):312-320
Hereditary hearing loss (HHL) is one of the most common congenital disorders and is highly heterogeneous. Mutations in the connexin 26 (CX26) gene (GJB2) account for about 20% of all cases of childhood deafness, and approach 50% in documented recessive cases of non-syndromic hearing loss. In addition, a single mitochondrial DNA mutation, mt1555A>G, in the 12S rRNA gene (MTRNR1), is associated with familial cases of progressive deafness. Effective screening of populations for HHL necessitates rapid assessment of several of these potential mutation sites. Pyrosequencing links a DNA synthesis protocol for determining sequence to an enzyme cascade that generates light whenever pyrophosphate is released during primer strand elongation. We assessed the ability of Pyrosequencing to detect common mutations causing HHL. Detection of the most common CX26 mutations in individuals of Caucasian (35delG), Ashkenazi (167delT), and Asian (235delC, V37I) descent was confirmed by Pyrosequencing. A total of 41 different mutations in the CX26 gene and the mitochondrial mt1555A>G mutation were confirmed. Genotyping of up to six different adjacent mutations was achieved, including simultaneous detection of 35delG and 167delT. Accurate and reproducible results were achieved taking advantage of assay flexibility and experimental conditions easily optimized for a high degree of standardization and cost-effectiveness. The standardized sample preparation steps, including target amplification by PCR and preparation of single-stranded template combined with automated sequence reaction and automated genotype scoring, positions this approach as a potentially high throughput platform for SNP/mutation genotyping in a clinical laboratory setting. . 相似文献
74.
Anete M. Francisco‐Bagnariolli Spencer L.M. Payão Rosa S. Kawasaki‐Oyama Daher Sabbag Filho Rosimeire Segato Roger W. de Labio Maria de Lourdes L.F. Chauffaille Jean H. Priest 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2001,103(4):302-307
We report on a familial t(4;7)(q28;p22) with 2:2 adjacent‐1 unbalanced segregation producing duplication of 4q28→qter in multiple offspring. Within the large four‐generation pedigree, a carrier had a reproductive outcome that was approximately equal for 1) the balanced translocation, 2) normal chromosomes, and 3) viable 4q trisomy or pregnancy loss. The three individuals with chromosomal confirmation of trisomy 4q28→qter (comprising approximately 1.8% of the haploid autosomal length) had similar mental and developmental retardation, hypotonia, restricted speech, seizures, and facial anomalies but no cardiac, renal, or skeletal anomalies. It is suggested that these latter severe malformations, associated with the classic 4q2 to 3 group of anomalies, were from an imbalance outside 4q28→qter and were not necessarily related to the relatively large size of the trisomic segment. Multiple different chromosomes are reported to be rearranged with 4q in the production of distal 4q trisomy. The incidence of 4q rearrangement remains unexplained, but once it is present in a family, viability of a large trisomy in 4q seems to explain the number of affected individuals reported. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
75.
Attenuated poxvirus expressing three immunodominant CMV antigens as a vaccine strategy for CMV infection. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zhongde Wang Corinna La Rosa Simon F Lacey Rebecca Maas Shahram Mekhoubad William J Britt Don J Diamond 《Journal of clinical virology》2006,35(3):324-331
BACKGROUND: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important risk factor in the post-transplant (Tx) recovery phase for both hematopoietic stem cell Tx (HSCT) and solid organ Tx (SOT) recipients. CMV infection may be prevented or controlled by simultaneously inducing both CMV-specific neutralizing antibody (nAb) and cellular immunity. Soluble (s) UL55 (surface glycoprotein), UL83 (tegument protein) and UL123/e4 (nuclear protein) are immunodominant in eliciting both CMV nAb and cellular immunity. An attenuated poxvirus, modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) was selected to develop this vaccine strategy in Tx recipients, because of its clinical safety record, large foreign gene capacity, and capability to activate strong humoral and cellular immune responses against recombinant antigens. OBJECTIVES: A subunit vaccine that targets multiple CMV antigens will be used to gain maximal coverage and protective function against CMV infection. rMVA simultaneously expressing sUL55, UL83 and UL123/e4 will be generated, and humoral and cellular immunity it elicits will be characterized, after murine immunization and in vitro to amplify clinical recall responses. STUDY DESIGN: rMVA will be constructed in two steps using UL123/e4-pLW22 followed by sUL55-UL83-pLW51 transfer plasmids. Western blots will be used to characterize expression levels of each antigen. Primary immunity will be evaluated in mouse models, while recall responses to the virally expressed CMV antigens will be assessed in human peripheral blood. RESULTS: We generated CMV-MVA via homologous recombination, and demonstrated high expression levels of sUL55, UL83 and UL123/e4 by Western blot. CMV-MVA immunization potently induced both humoral and cellular immunity to sUL55, UL83 and UL123 after murine immunization, and cellular immunity to UL83 and UL123 by in vitro amplification of T cell recall responses in human PBMC. CONCLUSIONS: rMVA promotes high level expression of three immunodominant CMV antigens, which is reflected in results of immunization studies in which high titers of UL55-specific antibodies and CD4+ T-help are detected, as well as high levels of UL83-specific and moderate levels of UL123-specific CD8+ CTL. 相似文献
76.
77.
The presence in the bone marrow of memory CD8 T cells is well recognized. However, it is still largely unclear how T-cell migration from the lymphoid periphery to the bone marrow is regulated. In the present report, we show that antigen-specific CD4 T cells, as well as antigen-specific CD8 T cells, localize to the bone marrow of immunized mice, and are sustained there over long periods of time. To investigate the rules governing T-cell migration to the bone marrow, we generated chimeric mice in which the lymphoid periphery contained two genetically or phenotypically distinct groups of T cells, one of which was identical to the host. We then examined whether a distinct type of T cell had an advantage over the others in the colonization of bone marrow. Our results show that whereas ICAM1 and CD18 molecules are both involved in homing to lymph nodes, neither is crucial for T-cell bone marrow colonization. We also observed that memory-phenotype CD44high T cells, but not virgin-type CD44-/low T cells, preferentially home to the bone marrow upon adoptive transfer to normal young mice, but not to thymectomized old recipients where an existing memory T-cell pool precludes their free access. Thus, T-cell colonization of the bone marrow uses distinct molecules from those implicated in lymph node homing, and is regulated both by the properties of the T cell and by the competitive efficacy of other T cells inhabiting the same, saturable niche. This implies that the homing potential of an individual lymphocyte is not merely an intrinsic property of the cell, but rather a property of the lymphoid system taken as a whole. 相似文献
78.
Osteomyelitis caused by Enterobacter cancerogenus infection following a traumatic injury: case report and review of the literature
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of clinical microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Garazzino S Aprato A Maiello A Massé A Biasibetti A De Rosa FG Di Perri G 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2005,43(3):1459-1461
We report a case of osteomyelitis caused by Enterobacter cancerogenus resistant to aminopenicillins in a 56-year-old male who had a motorcycle accident and suffered from multiple bone fractures with abundant environmental exposure. E. cancerogenus has rarely been associated with human infections, and its clinical significance remains unclear. 相似文献
79.
Validation of a pXO2-A PCR assay to explore diversity among Italian isolates of Bacillus anthracis strains closely related to the live, attenuated Carbosap vaccine
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of clinical microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Muscillo M La Rosa G Sali M De Carolis E Adone R Ciuchini F Fasanella A 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2005,43(9):4758-4765
Several circulating Bacillus anthracis strains isolated in Italy and belonging to the A1.a cluster, genotype 3 (A1.a-3) are genotypically indistinguishable from Carbosap, a live attenuated vaccine strain, containing both pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids. The genotype was assessed by using eight-locus multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. We describe here the use of a ninth locus able to explore variability among strains that have the same genotype. It is important to be able to genotype the wild isolate of B. anthracis strains from outbreaks of anthrax in areas where Carbosap vaccination of cattle and sheep is common practice. A total of 27 representative field strains isolated in Italy and four vaccinal strains, namely, Carbosap, Sterne, Pasteur I, and Pasteur II, were characterized by a ninth marker, called pXO2-A. Twenty-three field strains were genotype 3 and therefore identical to Carbosap. The marker was in the pXO2 plasmid and is based on the polymorphism of the already-known VX2-3 locus. Detection was obtained by PCR with fluorescence-labeled forward primers in order to produce appropriate fragments for capillary electrophoresis with an ABI 310 genetic analyzer. Genetic relationships showed heterogeneity in all of the examined samples. Interestingly, with respect to genotype 3, samples grouped into eight different subtypes, A to H, and the subtype G, had only two samples indistinguishable from Carbosap. The results of the present study confirm the validity of a hierarchical progressive protocol for discrimination among closely related isolates. 相似文献
80.
Araceli Rosa M Gardner M J Cuesta V Peralta M Fatjó-Vilas S Miret M E Navarro D Comas L Fa?anás 《American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics》2007,(7):954-957
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is one of the most exciting candidate genes for schizophrenia since its first association with the disorder in an Icelandic population. Since then, many studies have analyzed allele and haplotype frequencies in European and Asian populations in cases and controls yielding varying results. We investigated the association of NRG1 with psychosis in a total sample set of 575 individuals from 151 Spanish nuclear families. We tested eight SNPs across 1.2 Mb along NRG1 including regions previously associated to schizophrenia in association studies. After correction for multiple testing, the TDT analysis for each marker did not show a significant over-transmission of alleles from the parents to the affected offspring for any of the markers (P > 0.05). The haplotypic analysis with TRANSMIT and PDT did not show preferential transmission for any of the haplotypes analyzed in our sample. These results do not seem to suggest that the investigated NRG1 markers play a role in schizophrenia in the Spanish population, although the finding of a trend for association with one SNP in the 3'of the gene warrants further investigation. 相似文献