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981.
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WE Bloembergen RM Hakim DC Stannard PJ Held RA Wolfe LY Agodoa FK Port 《American journal of kidney diseases》1999,33(1):1-10
A number of studies have suggested that type of dialysis membrane is associated with differences in long-term outcome of patients undergoing hemodialysis, both in terms of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of membrane type and specific causes of death. Data from the United States Renal Data System Case Mix Adequacy Study, a national random sample of hemodialysis patients who were alive on December 31, 1990, were used. Our study was limited to patients in this data set who were undergoing dialysis for at least 1 year (n = 4,055). For the main analytic models, membrane type was classified into two categories: unmodified cellulose or MC/SYN (which combines modified cellulose [MC] and synthetic membranes [SYN]). The relationships of membrane type and major causes of mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, which adjusted for multiple (21) covariates, including demographics, comorbidity, Kt/V, and other parameters. Patients were censored at transplantation or 60 days after a switch to peritoneal dialysis. Compared with patients dialyzed with unmodified cellulose membranes, the adjusted relative mortality risk (RR) from infection was 31% lower (RR = 0.69; P = 0.03) and from coronary artery disease was 26% lower (RR = 0.74; P = 0.07) for patients dialyzed with MC/SYN membranes. No statistically significant difference (all P > 0.1) was found in mortality risk from cerebrovascular disease (RR = 1.08), other cardiac causes (RR = 0.86), malignancy (RR = 0.90), or other known causes (RR = 0.82) between patients dialyzed with MC/SYN compared with unmodified cellulose membranes. These results offer support to reported experimental and observational clinical studies that have found that unmodified cellulose membranes may increase the risk for both infection and atherogenesis. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the possibility of confounding factors, compare more specific membrane types, and determine the pathophysiology linking membrane type to cause-specific mortality. 相似文献
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Jae-Young Kim Eric A. Welsh Umut Oguz Bin Fang Yun Bai Fumi Kinose Crystina Bronk Lily L. Remsing Rix Amer A. Beg Uwe Rix Steven A. Eschrich John M. Koomen Eric B. Haura 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2013,110(30):12414-12419
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for unspecified subset of lung cancers. TBK1 reportedly mediates prosurvival signaling by activating NF-κB and AKT. However, we observed that TBK1 knockdown also decreased viability of cells expressing constitutively active NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3. Basal phospho-AKT level was not reduced after TBK1 knockdown in TBK1-sensitive lung cancer cells, implicating that TBK1 mediates unknown survival mechanisms. To gain better insight into TBK1 survival signaling, we searched for altered phosphoproteins using mass spectrometry following RNAi-mediated TBK1 knockdown. In total, we identified 2,080 phosphoproteins (4,621 peptides), of which 385 proteins (477 peptides) were affected after TBK1 knockdown. A view of the altered network identified a central role of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and known PLK1 targets. We found that TBK1 directly phosphorylated PLK1 in vitro. TBK1 phosphorylation was induced at mitosis, and loss of TBK1 impaired mitotic phosphorylation of PLK1 in TBK1-sensitive lung cancer cells. Furthermore, lung cancer cell sensitivity to TBK1 was highly correlated with sensitivity to pharmacological PLK inhibition. We additionally found that TBK1 knockdown decreased metadherin phosphorylation at Ser-568. Metadherin was associated with poor outcome in lung cancer, and loss of metadherin caused growth inhibition and apoptosis in TBK1-sensitive lung cancer cells. These results collectively revealed TBK1 as a mitosis regulator through activation of PLK1 and also suggested metadherin as a putative TBK1 downstream effector involved in lung cancer cell survival. 相似文献
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New anticoagulants are being introduced into the market. These drugs are orally administered, have predictable pharmacokinetics and dose response, do not require monitoring and have an acceptable safety profile when used appropriately, and so avoid many of the disadvantages and possible complications of warfarin and heparin. Dabigatran is the most widely used, and has been approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration. The use of dabigatran will likely increase in the coming years, and so it is important for dentists to be aware of its mechanism of action, the possible complications, and how to reverse the bleeding if it occurs. This review discusses dabigatran and reports on our experience of five cases, and provides practical clinical advice on how to manage patients on dabigatran who require dental treatment, particularly extractions. 相似文献
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Abdominal compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency caused by a raised intra-abdominal pressure, which may lead to respiratory, cardiovascular and renal compromise. It is most commonly seen in post-operative and trauma patients and it has a variety of causes. Tension pneumoperitoneum (TP) is a rare cause of abdominal compartment syndrome most often seen after gastrointestinal endoscopy with perforation.We present the case of a fit 52-year-old experienced female diver who developed TP and shock following a routine training dive to 27m. Following accidental inhalation of water, she had an unstaged ascent and, on reaching the surface, developed severe acute abdominal pain and distension. She was brought to our emergency department by air ambulance for assessment. Clinical and radiological examination revealed a shocked patient with dramatic free intra-abdominal gas and signs of abdominal compartment syndrome, which was treated with needle decompression. Symptoms and signs resolved quickly with no need for further surgical intervention. TP is a surgical emergency where surgery can be avoided with prompt diagnosis and treatment. 相似文献
990.